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The Troubled Church
- Chapter 13:iv -
[Image source: http://www.augustana.edu/religion/lutherproject/95THESES/church%20selling%20indulgences.gif]
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The papacy came underthe influenceof the French monarchy in 1305 whena French
archbishop was elected Pope Clement V.
[Image source: http://www.cathedrale-saint-bertrand.org/images/chronologie/clement-v-.jpg]
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In order to avoid the civil wars
ravaging Italy, the pope moved his court to the city of Avignon
in southern France.
[Image source: http://www.rpglibrary.org/setting
s/roughmagic/images/avignon-map_lg.jpg]
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During the period from 1305 to 1377
when the papal court remained
in Avignon, only French
cardinals were appointed.
[Image source: http://www.coloradocollege.edu/dept/RL/images/My%20Pictures/Europe/France/Avignon-Roger%20Broders.jpg]
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This period of exile is knownas the Babylonian Captivity.
[Image source: http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/france/avignon/maps/braun_hogenberg_II_13_m.jpg]
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Many people feared the
church would become
corruptedby worldly power and
neglect their spiritual duties.[Image source:
http://asv.vatican.va/immagini/visit/p_nob/p_nobile_sala1_12.jpg]
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“Here reigns the successors of the poor fisherman of Galilee;
they have strangely forgotten their origin,
I am astounded . . . To see these men
loaded with gold and clad in purple,
boasting of the spoils of princes and
nations.”
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Pope Gregory XI left Avignonand returned to Rome in 1377.
[Image source: http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/SODimages3/125_Catherine_GregoryXI.jpg]
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Upon Gregory’s death, an Italian mob forced the College of Cardinals to elect an Italian pope.
[Image source: http://wwwimage.cbsnews.com/images/2005/03/21/image681840x.jpg]
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The cardinals later declared the election invalid and elected another pope, who took up residence in Avignon.
[Image source: http://w3.u-grenoble3.fr/adcuefe/images/avignon/ppont.jpg]
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The period from 1377 to 1417 when there were
two popes is referred to
as the Great Schism.
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In 1409 a council was held in Pisa to unite the Church under one pope.
[Image source: http://www.eotvoscollegium.hu/~veghal/potenza/kepek/pisa/pisa9.jpg]
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The result was for a brieftime there were three popes.
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The Great Schism ended
when Martin V was elected
pope in1414 at the Council of
Constance in Germany.
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This period of disunity led people increasinglyto transfer their loyalty to their monarchs.
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Common people
especially disliked simony –
the sellingof church positions.
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English scholar John Wycliffe criticized the Church’s wealth, corruption, and
papal claims to absolute authority.[Image source: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/b/brown/brown_wycliffe.jpg]
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John Wycliffe(circa 1330-84)
• English philosopher, theologian, and religious reformer-a forerunner of the Protestant Reformation
• translated the Bible into English
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Wycliffe’s beliefs
• believed in a direct relationship between humanity and God
-no need of priestly mediation• believed Christians could govern
themselves without the aid of popes and prelates
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Additional beliefs of John Wycliffe
• denounced as unscriptural many beliefs and practices of the church
• held that the clergy should strive to imitate evangelical poverty
• disavowed serfdom and warfare
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Some of Wycliffe’s followers – the Lollards – destroyed icons and ridiculed the Mass.
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Bohemian religious leader
Jan Hus(circa 1372-1415)
attempted to reform the
Roman Catholic Church.
[Image source: http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/specialy/nejvetsicech/img/osobnosti/hus.jpg]
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He was accused of
heresy by the Council of Constance,
and burned at the stake.
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“In the truth of the Gospel which I have
written, taught, and prospered, I die willingly
and joyfully.”
[Image source: http://www.dieausberlin.de/public/brandenburg/geschichte/images/498px_jan_hus_1415.jpg]
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“When dealing with heretics, one is not obligated to keep his word.”
- the Pope
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[Image source: http://www.coxandforkum.com/archives/07.07.09.Indulgences-X.gif]