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( l tcammadarecomments and bulletins
concerning your
COMMODORE PET™
The TransactorPET™ is a registered trademark of Commodore Inc.
BULLETIN #11Apri l 30, 197
This months Transactor contains an excellent ar t ic le Brad Templeton
on Pet in terrupts . Also information on a PET to IBM se lec t r ic interface.
This is also the final issue of Volume 1. A subscription form forVolume 2 follows. When submitting the form, please address i t to Commodore'sAgincourt address followed by 'Attn. The Transactor ' .
Transactor Volume 2
Yes i t ' s renewal time. Although your Volume 1 subscription coversone more issue. here is the Volume 2 subscription form. The Transactoroperates on a break-even basis . Therefore the cost of "The TransactorVolume 2" will be $15.00.
Recently I have received. various requests regarding art ic le subjects .
If you have a subject idea you and other PET users would l ike to see
discussed in future Transactors. please include i t a t the bottom of theorder form •
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form with your cheque for $15.00 annually renewable, to CBM
3370 Pharmacy Avenue, Agincourt, Ontario, MlW 2K4. Volume 1back issues will be available a t 10 dollars for a l imitedtime only (while supplies l as t ) .
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Convert Upper to Lower Case
The fol lowing i s a program t h a t w i l l conver t a l l uppercase t ex t to lower case . However, keep in mind t h a t anygraphics above th e a lphabe t i c keys w i l l now be unusable if
they are to appear s imul taneous ly with lower case l e t t e r s .
59030 FOR T=1024 TO 8006-FRE(0):A=PEEK(T)
59031 ON Z GOTO 59034,59037
59032 IF A=153 OR A=178 THEN Z=l
59033 NEXT
59034 IF A=34 THEN Z=2:NEXT
59035 IF A=58 OR A=O THEN Z=O
59036NEXT
59037 IF A 64 AND A 91 THEN POKE T,A+128
59038 B=PEEK(T+l):IF B=34 OR B=O THEN Z=O
59039 NEXT:END
When wri t ing the program use no spaces . The programw i l l conver t s t r i ngs and PRINT s ta tements but w i l l no ta f f e c t DATA s ta tements . Also, it may terminate with a
'?NEXT WITHOUT FOR ERROR IN 59036' bu t t h a t ' s OK.
Of course you need not use the same l ine numbers. Theywere chosen due to t h e i r unusua lness . The program was thenrecorded using the UNLIST rout ine in Transac to r #7. I t canthen be merged with o ther programs with a good chance o f noti n t e r f e r ing with othe r program l i nes .
Karl J.
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One of the most important features of the C O ~ ~ a D O R E OtT
operating system is the use of interrupts. They are used to
rese t the PET, and they handle most of the tape and a l l of
the keybOArd i / o . This a r t i c le will provide an int roduct ion
to in tenupts on the 6 ~ 0 2 (The PFT's cpu) and a descr ip t ion
of how t h ~ PET hardles them. for your informat ion, pseudo
source l i s t ing is nrovided for the interrupt software of the..
PET, as oroduced by my disassembler .
Under normal condi t ions, a processor executes machine
code in a l inear fashion. I t moves throuqh memory. ob-
ta ining ins t ruc t ions (which can be one, two or three bytes
long) and e.ecut ing them. Sometimes, cer ta in programmed in -s t ruc t ions cause jumps to other o'aces . jus t . ike ~ O T O and
G ~ S U 8 of bas ic . To make a machine more f lexible . however.
jnteNUpts are orovided to do Jobs that would be very expen-
sive to do in sof tware.
Essent ia l ly . an interrupt is contro ' led by a l ine r igh t
into the processor . When the processor detec ts the correc t
voltage on th is l ine , an interrupt may be generated. First . .
in order to simplify matters . the processor f in ishes the in -s t ruc t ion it is present ly carrying out . Then, if the j n-
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terrupt is ok (j nterruots can be masked), The processor saves
the program locat ion i t was a t , and the contents of i t s
f lags onto the s tack. I t then goes to a soecial reserved
area of memory ( in ROM on the PEr) and out l s out two bytes
indicat i"q what locat ion i t should s t a r t executing from. I t
then goes there and executes machine code unt i l the ins t ruc-
t i o r RTI (Return from In teruot S40) is encountered. I t then
goes back to the stack and res tores i t s f lags , and loads the
locat ion i t saved to the ins t ruc t ion counter . I t then goes
and executes the code af te r where i t stopped as though
nothing had occured. CIf the interrupt Drogram was correc t ly
writ ten)
On the 6 ~ 0 2 , three tYDes of hardWare interrupts can oc
cur, as we" as a fourth sDecia1 tYDe. The locat ions they
branch to are keot in hyte Dairs cal led vectors at the ~ n d
of memory. One of these inteNUots, N ~ I or Non Maskable In
terruD t , can not he used on the T. I ts vec tor , SFfF 4- A,
points to SeAbO, which is the ~ i d d ' e of a subroutine. The
l ine for th is is also fixed off by a res i s to r on the pc
board. l a t e r PETs may Dian to include th i s .
The interuot cal led for oower UP is n a ~ e d RES. t t
branches to a rout ine which se ts UD basic and the operat ing
system. I t also . through what I consider to be one of the
PET's worst design f 'aws, branches to the routine to
des truc t ive ly t e s t how much memory is in the machine. At
the very s t 3 r t , it also t e s t s the condit ion of the di"lq-
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nost ic sense ( ~ S ~ of SEaIO). and goes to the diagnos t ic
rout ine i f th i s is se t . RES is f i red by power uP. or by
grounding pJn 21 on the hot tom of your memory exoansion bus.
If you se t i t by touching tha t pin . i t does not c lea r memory
below $400. so programs there ( the tape buffers ) are sa fe .
Th is is . un for t un a te I y. 8 ve r y sma" are a • I t vec tors
throuoh \FFfC-O.
The oenera ' use, hardware inte unt is the IRQ. IRQ vec-
t o rs throuqh $FFFE-F. does SRK. This points to locat ion
$E66B in the PET. I t is generated every 60th of a second by
the tv hardware. and can also be generated from the memory
expansion bus. on oin 28. I t is also connected to the 6 ~ 2 2 versat i 'e i n t e r face arlaotor. t will discuss the 60 oer
s ~ c o n d irtterruots here in de ta i I. For information of genera-
t ion hy the 6 ~ 2 2 ( there i s another whole a r t i c l e ' s worth of
(i)
mater ia I in there) you can wri te'10S
for the manua I onit.
t n t e ~ n t s can be generated from i t a t exac t ly timed i n t e r -
va ' s . and by ce r ta in i /o condi t ions on the user por t and
It:: EE hus. The exact ly timed in tervafs are used to send
orecise frequency s ignals to the taoe. (In fac t . the 6 ~ ? 2
is the PET's tane i n t e r face ! )
The 60 per second in taruots do the fo"owing:
Scan the Keyboard. checKinll for new keys and decoding thel'll.
Increment the real time c lock . and check for midnight
l= ' ash th e cursor i f i t is on. ($OZ24'" 0)
Test taoe recorder s ta tus for s t an - s t a r t
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Copy a byte for the break ~ e y t e s t .
Whatever else you want them to do.
When the IRO occurs. the code a t S ~ 6 6 B (see source) saves
the processor reg i s t e r A. X and Y on the s t a c ~ . I t then
checks. by loading back from the stack. the f lags . to see i f
the BRK f ' ~ Q was se t . The SRK, a software IRQ. vectors
through the same pSace. but sets the BRK f lag . This is han
dy to t es t what tyoe of i n t e ~ p t occured. I t then does a
Jump ind i rec t to one of two olaces in RAI4 ( " 7 P ~ or szun
denend i ng on the tyoe of i nterruDt.
~ o r m a l l y , the RAI4 IRO vector is se t to $£685, which is
the standard IRQ code. 8RK has no defaul t se t t ing . The
sma" piece of code you see af te r the JI4P indirec ts is the
re turn code. which restores the reg i s t e rs and does the RTI.
The f i r s t thing INT_CaOE does is the JSR INCR_ClnCK which
increments the clock and cODies thePIA
regis te r the break
key t es t uses. When Steve Punter of ~ i s s i s s a u ~ a saw th i s
with the disassembler . he devised an ingenious way to
disable the BPEAK key of the PET. Ry t e l t ing the PET to
branch to '£686 instead of SE685 by means of a POKE 517, 116
statement , the PET bypasses the INCR_ClOCK subroutine, ~ n c
does not t e s t the break key. (Note INCR_ClOCK oasses through
a JI4P vector tab1s in high R a ~ at SFFEA) This has the s ide
ef fec t of turning off the real time clock. When th is s t a t e -
ment is not used the c ' o c ~ proceeds normally. After i t i s
undated, it is comoared with a three byte tab1e that con-
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ta ins the value for midnight. If i t is midnight on the
clock . it is zeroed. The PET also keeps a secondary clock
jus t af te r the main one. This is used for ca l ibra t ing the
rea l time c 'ock. ~ b o u t every 6 seconds . th is clock reaches
a specia l l imit . and when i t does . i t is zeroed . and the
main clock is not incremented on th is cycle . This is
becuase the ;nterruot generator runs s l igh t ly fas ter than ex-
act ly bO t imes per second. Even with th is comnensation, you
may have noticed the clock is a few seconds off af te r
several hours of PET operat ion. If they had used the 60 hz
ac power 1ine for the inter uot , i t wou' d have been more ac-
cura te , but tha t would have caused crob'ems for PETs sold
abroad.
once
After doing the clock,
every th i rd of a
i t proceeds to flash the cursor .
second . i f the locat ion FLASHING
($124) is se t to zero. (POKE 5.,.8,0 in a program turns the
cursor on, but with some bugs - try i t and see . ) I t does i t
with a very si ' Iy method tha t has no aooarent ourpose, in -
stead of the standard method. a EOR , ~ O . I t then se t s UP
two keyboard t es t locat ions .
In using your PET, you may have not iced tha t i f the
tape drive is stopped by the machine i t s e ' f . tha t you can
push stoo and P'::JY and the motor wi ,t run again. This is
handled by the sect ion of code a t \E&CO. After th is comes
the keyboard in terpre ta t ion rout ines . The method of
decoding the keyboard PIA has already been published in your
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PET manua I , and in PET user notes . so I wi If not dwell on i t
here. Once i t has the matrix coordinate of the key. i t
waits for i t to s t ab i l i ze . to avoid bounce and reoeat ingl e t t e r s . (The TRS-AO does th i s poor ly) . I t then converts
the matrix number to an asc i i character throuqh the table a t
$t:15C. (You can use th is table in your programs. if you
want to account for how long a key is held ~ o w n - a grea t
rea t time feature!) I t then puts the key in the cor rec t
nlace in the keyboard buffer s ta r t ing a t \20f . f ina l ly it
goes back.
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~ A L lOU ' A ~ no
Recause the PET IRQ goes through RAM. i t is one of the
m ~ i n l inks you h ~ v e that can give you operat ing s y s t e ~ con
t ro l . You can inser t your own p r o g r a ~ s before and af ter the
in terunt code to have your PEr do two
handle i l o whj Ie running bas ic .
write prBgramS to :
l ike
have used in terupts to
In te rpre t the PET keyboard and the fu l ' s ized keyboard I
~ t t a c h e d to the PET l ike a regular keyboard.
Provide funct ions l ike reoeat af ter a cer ta in period of
time and sh i f t lock.
Turn t h e ! key to a statement number key. so tha t i t would
~ r o v i d e a t ine numher 1n higher with every ~ u s h .
4ave u o ~ e f case l e t t e r keys ~ r i n t out as fufl basic keywords.
~ i s o l a y whole Dages of PEr memory constant ly on the screen .
Provide a non-destructive rese t tha t works in specia l cases .
Much more i s poss ib le .
To use your own programs. you merely se t them uo in
s o ~ e convenient locat ion (machine code onlv ' , preferablv
s ta r t ing at ' oca t lon tha t ends in S ~ 5 . such as ' 385 in the
second taoe buffer . Something located there CAn then be
s ta r t ed with a pnKE538.3 and stopped with POKE 538.130,
rather than having to write a specia l machine l a n q u a ~ e Drogram tha t disables the interrupt with SEI. changes the
locat ions. and enables the inte"UDt with eLl. You do not
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need to disable i f you are only changing one byte of the
locat ion . Put soma code thera and fo.low i t with a J ~ P SE 6 a ~ . This way i t does your code and proceeds on to do i t s
own. If you au t in the fol lowing se r i e s :
EE 50 80 ItC ar; E6
s t a r t i ng a t SJar; ( qOI base 1 0 ' • and i n i t i a t e j t wi th- POK E
8,. J you wi II SAe a hyte on the scr een cons tant ly in -
creas ing in "value" . onca every 60th of a second. The PfT
wi I I also be doing everything else usual . The fol lowing
code:
00 SO 00 00 qO 50 an Ea F7 ItC 85 E6
wi It dump a oage of memory on the screen constant ly . You
can ooke Q05 with the oage you wish to examine. Try
I t s ta r t s with oage O. When scanning O ~ g e
O. move the cursor and see what hapoens.
While dOing th i s . you may have noticed tha tt h e ~ e
is no
f l i cke r whatsoever on the screen desal te the massive amount
of writ ing to i t being done. (Far fas ter than BASIC
pr in t ing) . This is because the interi'Upt is f i red by the
screen scan s ignal . an d the screen is doing nothing short ly
a f te r the interruot goes. This is atso why the f iashintJ cur
sor wi I . never "snow" the screen . You can s tore almost half
a screen without "snow" th i s way.
Sometiaes i t is important to out code in a f te r the in
t ~ " U D t code of the PFT. This can be done by manioula t ion of
the s tack . and is necessary for programs l ike the s tatement
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numberer or keyword prin ter I included in my l i s t above.
have inc luded some code you can out in to allow you to do
t h i s . ~ p ~ n G means the high order byte Of where your pos t in -
t e ruo t code s t a r t s and P ~ O G is the low order byte . PClO and
PCHI are two locat ions fo r s tor ing the cor rec t pc you can
use. The oroqram works by a l te r ing the s t a c k ~ so t h ~ t the
PET goes to your orogram when i t RTIs. The second par t O f
the orogra . , which f in ishes your routine off ( G O ~ A C K )
rese ts the stack and res tores the prooer orogram counter and
m ~ c h i n e r eg i s t e r s . You should be able to h a y ~ a lo t of fun
with it.
I t should be noted t ha t orobabfy the only reason the
I ~ O vector is in R A ~ is tha t the PET does change i t for taoe
ilo rout ines . There is a t ab le of oossible vectors s ta r t inq
at 'F026 in the r O m ~ and the tab le ends with the s tandard
vector IE685. I f you ever change the high order byte of the
IRQ RAM v ~ c t o r , you must rese t i t before tape i /o is d o n ~ .
If you d o n ' t ~ the PFT wi" rese t i t anyway, but the tane ilo
may not be done, and you may crash your PET.
IncidentaHy, the disassembler was wri t ten in the system
language B (a very nice , much improved SCPl) here a t the
Univers i ty of Waterloo where I go to school and work for the
~ a t h e m a t i c s Facul ty Comouting Faci f i ty . This a r t i c ' e w ~ s
also preoared and formatted on the s a ~ e Honeywell 66 /60 .
~ a n y of the labels used in the disassembly were o r o v i ~ e d t ~ r o u q h the massive e f for t of examining the ~ E T s ~ O ~ s done
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by J i ~ Sutterf ie td of Toronto. next art i c l e for the
Transactor witt be on programming i n t ~ r a c t i v e games for the
PET.
m The 6522 Data Sheets (24 pgs.) and other MOS publicationsare available through dealers .
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~ e r e is the code fo r the inter, .uots on the PET
E6b8 48 I ~ n E R U P T PH!J!:;hbC 8A TXAEhbD 48 P ~ A EbhE 08 TVAEbbF 48 PH!E670 BA TSXE671 AD 04 01 LOA \104,Xr:l,74 ?Cl 10 ANn H.1 0
Eb 7h FO f)1 BEO "E" 781:678 F-C 18 02 J"1P ( A ~ K _ l O W l E679 he 10 f)2 J'1P t IR(Ll(1WJE67f 68 R E T t J R N _ I ~ T PlAEb7F A8 TAVEl, 80 M\ PlAEft In AA TAXr:682
6P. PlAE681 40 RTf
£"84 "0 RTS
E685 ?O fA FF TNT_CODF JS R r N C ~ _ C l n C l < ' Eft 1\8 An 74 02 ll)A F l A S ~ I N G Eft AA I) f) 21 RNE \E6BOEfd\O C'F ?C; 02 DEC C_TI'1ERF600 00 IF RNE 'EbBOE60? AO 14 lOA #$14
E604 AD 21} 02 STA C _ T I ~ E Q Fb07 A4 F2 lOV C_C Ol U'1NEbClo ItE ?7 02 lSR C_STATEF" oC 81 FO UH (C_ROWADR) .VEI) ClE qO f)b BCS \EbA6E6AO FE ':'7 02 INC C_STATEE6A3 80 26 02 STA CHAR_UNO_CEhAb OA ASlEI)A7 qo Aes "EbACEhAO 18 SECEI)AA ()t Res 'FbAOFbAC lA ClCFo An 6A Rr)R
EoAE 01 EO STA (C_ROWA.OR).YE680 A2 FF If)X "FF
E6A? 8£ ':'1 02 STX KEY_I"-AGEEbB5 F8 I"4)t'fhAb 8F 04 02 STX SHIFT_FlE6eo A2 150 lOX " ' 50
EbBA AO to F8 lOA PIAlEfteE 20 FO A"4D ,"::0
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E6CO aD 10 f8 STA PIAlEflC 3 AO 00 lOY . ~ o E6C5 AD 10 E8 LOA PIAlE6C 8 OA ASLE6CC) OA ASLEflCA OA ASlE6C8 10 01 SPL ~ E 6 0 1 t E6CO AC 07 STY Cl_STAT
E600 At} 30 LOA '$30E602 no 07 Bt.4E $ E 6 0 ~ E6DIt AD 07 02 LOA Cl_STATE6D1 no 05 BNE SE60EE6Dq Aq 15 LOA '$35E608 80 13 E8 STA PIAl_BitE6DE qO OA BCC $E6EAE6EO 8C OR 02 STY C2_STATE6E3 AD ItO f8 LOA PORT_RE6E6 Oq 10 ORA #S10E6E8 00 OA B ~ f SE6F4E6EA AD 08 0'. LOA Cl_STATE6EO 00 oa BNE ~ E 6 F 1 E6EF AD 40 E8 U)A PORT _BE6F2 Zq Ef AND #SEfE6F4 80 40 E8 STA PDRT_BE6F7 AO 08 LOV #$8E6Fq AD 12 Ea L,)A KB_ROWINE6fC CO 12 Ea C ~ P KB_ROWINE6Ff ')0 F6 BNE $F6F7E101 itA LSRE102 AO 05 Be s $F 7 0qE704 48 PHA£105 7.0 3F E7 JSR !)ECOOE_KBOE708 68 PLA
f70c) CA OEXE70A FO 08 REO $E714E70C a8 OFYE700 00 Fl Bt.4E \E701f70F F.E 10 E8 INC PIAlE712 DO RNE SE6F7E714 AD 23 02 LOA KEY_PUGEE717 CO 03 02 C ~ P KEY_DOWNE71A 1=0 20 BI:O $E73CE11C 80 03 02 STA KEY_DOWNE71F AA TAXE720 10 lA I $E71C£722 SO 58 £7 LOA $E758.)(
E7?5 4E 04 02 LSR SHIFT_flE728 qO 02 BCC SE72CE72A Oq ao ORA #$80
E7lC AE 00 02 LOX KEYCOUNTE72f (lD Of 02 5TA KEY_8UfF.XE732 F8 IN )(
E733 EO OA CPX '$AE735 00 02 BNE $E73q
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E137 a2 00 LI)X #\0E7':\Q sf 00 02 ST X KEYCOUNTE73C 4C 7E E6 J"1" RFTURN_I NTE73f 58 E7 O':COOE_KI\O LOA \E 7'Hh XE742 1)0 07 ANE \F74AE744 AQ 01 lOA #$1f.746 AD 04 07 srA SHtfT_fl
E74Q no 10 SNE '\E 75BF74B Cq FF C-.,P #$fFE740 FO 1)( REO $E75AE7/tF Co 1C C"1P #$3C
E751 no 05 ANE \E75AF753 ?C 11 EB BIT PIAl + 1E756 30 13141 'f,E7,)R£=1')8 BE 73 07 STX K E Y _ I I 4 A G ~ E7,)B flO RTS
F736 AD OC; 02 lJPflATE_ClK lOA ClOCK_?F13<) flo 01 lOC .\.F738 05 07. STA ClOCK_?F73E <)0 01 BCC SF743F71,0 FE Of, 02 INC ClOCK_? + 1F7 I, 3 CQ 6F Cto1P #'t6FF745 !)O 07 ANE '\F74EF71,7 aD 06 1)7 lOA ClOCK_? ... 1F71,A ('Q 02 C"1" #$?F7 4C FO ?6 ~ E O \ f774F14E FE 02 07 tNC Io4_ClOCK ... ?F'1 r; 1 no OB SNE SF 7r;RF753 FE 01 1)2 INC Io4_ClOCK + 1F7r;6 no 03 BNF \F 7'H3F75A fE 00 02 INC to1_ClOCKf758 A2 00 ll ) X f$O
F750 RO 00 07 lOA ~ _ C l O C K , X F760 nD A8 F7 Cto1P Sf7 ~ 8 , XF763 <)0 17 BCC $F77CF76r; Fe tNXF766 FO 03 CPl( #$3F768 00 F3 BNE $F750F76A AQ 00 ll)A #\0f76C <)0 FF 01 STA $lfF,XF76F CA OEX
F770 00 fA ANE \F76CF772 FO 08 A!70 \F11C
F114 AQ 00 lOA# \0
F776 80 OC; 02 srA ClOCK_7F77q eo 1)6 O? STA Clf"lCK_? ... 1F71C AD 17. £1\ lOA KB_ROWINf77F ( '0 12 E6 C'1P KS_ROWINF762 no F8 BNF Sf77Cf181t AD nQ 02 STA PIA_COPYF787 flO RTS
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Here is the source for the post inte"UDt code program
ST ART LOA ~ l O · ; ' X GET
STA PClf) PROGRA'1LOA ~ 1 0 6 . X COUNTER AND
STA PCHt STORE ITtOA PRO'; PUT IN YOURSTA ~ l O t ; , X OWN CODE
ll'A )PRnG LOCATIONSTA "106.XJMP ~ E 6 ~ 1 ) 00 NOR'1AL t N T F ~ 1 J P T Pf'1 THIS CODE GOES AFTER YOUP. CODE. TO RETURN
G'1BACK lOA PCHI I:lESTORE
PH" OL 0LOA PCLf) LOCATIONPHA
TSXOf X RESET( 'f X STACKOf X
Of X
TXSJ ~ P Sf 61) f DO RTI
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KVENICH & ASSOCIATESInternational Trade Brokers
151 Carlingview Drive Unit 5 Rexdale, Ontario M9W fiE7 • Phone ~ 7 ~ - 1 1 1 1 Telex ~ ~ - q q t " l l " ' l "
ATTENTION: NEW PRODUCTS
KVENICH & ASSOCIATES HAVE BEEN ASKED TO DISTRIBUTE THE WAVECOM
INTERFACE. DESIGNED BY THE MICRO-SYSTEMS ENGINEERING GROUP,THIS NEW PRODUCT WILL INTERFACE THE PET COMPUTER AND THE I.B.M.SELECTRIC TYPEWRITER FOR COMPREHENSIVE WORD PROCESSING.
THE WAVECOM INTERFACE IS A STAND ALONE DEVICE WHICH CONTAINSITS OWN PROCESSOR AND ROM MEMORY. NO PROGRAMMING IS REQUIREDTO RESIDE IN THE PET'S 2nd CASSETTE BUFFER AS IS THE CASE WITHMANY INTERFACES PRESENTLY ON THE MARKET. THIS FEATURE ALLOWS
THE USER THE 2nd CASSETTE FOR BUSINESS FILES OR ACCOUNTINGPROGRAMS.
FEATURES OF THE WAVECOM INTERFACE
1. A stand alone interface.2. Plugs into the PET COMPUTER via the IEEE port .3. All parts are included with the WAVECOM interface (including
plugs, and wire connectors).4. Plugs into the SELECTRIC typewri ter.S. Instal lat ion of solenoids and plugs are required for the
SELECTRIC by the user or dealer a l l parts are included.are provided.
6. Can be used with a SELECTRIC terminal. Communication is
via a telephone handset through an acoustic coupler. Nomodifications are necessary.
7. Will also operate with many other computors such as TRS-SO,SOCERER, and APPLE.
8. Unplug the SELECTRIC typewriter from the WAVECOM Interfaceand the typewriter wil l return to normal manual operat ion.
9. Allows any computor to completely control a ll user controlledkey including, the TAB FUNCTION and the BACKSPACE key.-------------------------------------------------------------------
NEWS
RELEASE
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HOME COMPUTER CENTRE
Computers lor Home & SmaLL Business
(416) 222-1 165
222-1166
6101 YONGE STREET. WILLOWDALE. ONTARIO M2M 3W2. CANADA
HCME CCMPUTER CENTREANNOUNCES
THE NEW RELEASE OF PET SOF'lWARE
The following programs are now officially released with completedocumentation.
1. ENTRY-
List Price$24.95
2. PROCESS -
List Price$24.95
3. INVENTORY -
List price$24.95
Used as a general purpose data entry program for business applications with user definable entry format,th e program may be used for a Mail List, Daily Journial,General Ledger, Record Keeping etc. I t works withcassette printer, and other IEEE devices.
General purpose data process program. I t is designedfor limited data processing power on the PET. Basicoperation includes SORT, EDIT, DELETE, INSERT, andMACRO. The program is particularly useful for merginglarge amounts of data from different input sources.
Inventory control program on the PET Data includes, item. , description, quantity on hand, reorder limit andprices. I t generates inventory report and low inventoryreport. Handle up to 60 items on the 8K PET. Data maybe insert, delete, change, on the memory instantly.
All the HCC offical ly released programs come with complete documentation.The programs are intended fo r practical business applications, and specialtechniques are used to insure easy operation and data reliabili ty. Specialfeatures include interactive message, error-free operation, recoverableoperator errors, general I/O etc. The released programs have been tested
for an extended period of time.
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COMPUTER COURSES FOR EVERYONE
Human Computing Resources Corporation presents an ongoing program of courses on computers.
The courses have been created in response to the growing need for an objective, non sales oriented, viewpointon how to evaluate personal computers, microcomputers and minicomputers. They will be attractive to
people from many walks of life - business people, professionals, artists, engineers, enthusiastic new users.They will be doubly attractive to people who have researched the computer market and find they lack theexpertise to choose one system over another.
Being offered in spring/summer 1979 are:
Introduction to Computing and Personal Computers (bimonthly; 9 hours)How to Buy a Computer for Small Business (23 May and 18 July; one day)Introduction to Microprocessors (23 and 30 June; 14 and IS August; 2 days)Introductory Programming in BASIC (monthly; 18 hours)Programming in PASCAL (bimonthly, beginning in June; 18 hours)
In the works are courses on word processing, computers in the law office, and computers in medicine and inthe medical office (two courses).
Our instructors are skilled educators, business people and creative computer professionals. They have hadbroad experience with all types of computers and computer applications.
All courses are held at HCR's offices, 10 St Mary Street, Suite 401, Toronto (near Yonge and Bloor), or indowntown Toronto hotel suites. Courses are priced at from $55 to $115. Fees for all courses are incometax deductible.
For more information, mail in the form below, or call us at 922-1937.
Please send me information about these courses:
( ) Introduction to Computing andPersonal Computers
( ) How to Buy a Computer for Small Business( ) Introduction to Microprocessors( ) Introductory Programming in BASIC
( ) Programming in PASCAL
( ) Introduction to Electronic Troubleshooting( ) Introduction to Computer Graphics( ) Introduction to Word Processing( ) Computers in the Legal Office( ) Computers in the Medical Office( ) Frontiers of Medical Computing
NAME ________________________________
COMPANY & TITLE _________________ADDRESS ________________________________
PHONE ____ _
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r l f \ ~ c o m m SYSTEMS 'N C. QOHALEnOAD, tlNll7. BRAMP10N,ONT, L6W3M1· (416)459 7616
Nakcomm Syster,ls Inc . wishes t.o extend thanks to Commodol::e fen tileopportll(l l ty Lo o f f e r you sev e ra l new PE'I' compatable i tents.
Yell may f i.nd !:hese uni t s an economi ca l and easy way to expdlld t l l \ ~ cc1paLi l i t iE's o f your PET:
Mini Pr in te r Modul '1'<..'-} 00
40 Charac te r Per Second96 Characb ' r s e t5 X 7 dot matri.x
List: Pril 'L: ; ; ~ q l j . ' ) ~ ;
Ful l SiZLl l < e y b ~ ) t \ L d Hock l '}·}-I\I\
l . i s t Pr ic0 $199.95
32 K B1 lu Expansion BoardHodel r m ~ - 3 2 L i s t fTice $ 9 1 ~ . l ) 5
SPJ::CIAL NOTg; ~ J e a lso have av a i l ab l e , an In t e r f ace Model P'J'p-] 0 ,
a l l o w i n ~ the PET to opera te with any Centronics Pr i l l t e r . Lis t Pr i ce $ b 9 . ~ ~ 0 n le r s pIdced d i rec t ly on Nakconun Systems Inc . wi l l be dual t wi t i l l ' l ' l lnli, t 1,/.
Our 'l 'erms and Condi t ions a re as fo l lows:Paymcllt 'Cash (cheque or money order) wi tIl order .
Warranty 90 Days pa r t s and labour .
D01i.very 1 to 3 weeks depending on i tem and s tock.
After Warranty Service Done on the Nakcomrn premises .
I f you H c q u i ru any addi t i o n a l informat ion on the above dosel i bed tI ll j t S U l
fu r tLer e}:plandtion of our o f f e r , con tac t us a t any t ime.
Yours very t r u l y ,
Nakcon® Systems Inc .
Donald R. Young,Marketing Co-Ordind.tor.
Dealer Inqu i r i es Inv i ted