THE THIRD SEA ALARMCONFERENCE
proceedings
Balbriggan (Ireland)November 1 - 3, 2004
opmaak 10-05-2005 10:53 Pagina 1
2
No part of this text may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or means electronic, mechani-cal, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Sea Alarm Foundation.
© Sea Alarm Foundation, Brussels 2005
Cover photograph: View from Balbriggan Harbour, Ireland
Participants of the third Sea Alarm Conference
opmaak 10-05-2005 10:55 Pagina 2
3
Marine wildlife knows no national boundaries and the welfare of birds and sea mammals in theevent of a spill is the responsibility of all countries. It is also a primary interest to the media, ofteninfluencing the public’s perception of the effectiveness of the government’s response. WithinEurope, wildlife response usually relies on the dedication of individuals and volunteer groups wit-hin the local community. However, these often lack the resources and, in some cases, the expe-rience, to mount a prompt response by themselves.
To improve this situation the conference strongly urges that:
1 Plans for wildlife response should be developed and integrated into existing local, national and regional contingency plans and arrangements for responding to spills of oil and other substances within European waters.
2 The IPIECA Guide for Wildlife Response Planning (IPIECA Report Series Volume 13) should be distributed widely to government agencies responsible for pollution response,nature conservation and environmental protection, as well as to relevant international and regional organisations (e.g. the IMO, European Commission, Bonn Agreement, Helsinki Agreement) to ensure that this topic is addressed as a matter of urgency.
3 The Guide should also be made available to wildlife groups within the local community who are key players in oil spill response, to encourage a higher level of pre-planning, and to facilitate cooperation and assistance by other national and international groups in a major incident.
4 The experiences of wildlife responders should be widely communicated:- In detail, to ensure that lessons learned are shared, and- In summary, to increase the level of attention and understanding given to this topic
throughout Europe.
5 The Sea Alarm Foundation is well placed to facilitate the above development as a conse-quence of its excellent links with national wildlife response groups within Europe, with international animals welfare organisations (e.g. IFAW), international industry organisations(e.g. IPIECA, ITOPF, OSRL/EARL Global Alliance, P&I Clubs) and intergovernmental organisations (e.g. IMO, IOPC Funds, European Commission).
Done at Balbriggan,Wednesday November 3, 2004
Balbriggan Declaration
opmaak 10-05-2005 10:55 Pagina 3
Balbriggan Declaration ........................................................................................................ 3
Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 5
Opening Session .......................................................................................................... 5
Official launch of the IPIECA Guide ..................................................................................... 6
Key note address 1: Views from ITOPF .............................................................................. 7
Session 1: Case studies of some recent incidents ....................................................... 8
Key note address 2 : The Role of the Salvage Industry ................................................... 9
Session 2: Examples of Progress towards the Development of National Plans ................ 10
Session 3: Role and Activities of Some International Organisations ............................. 11
Session 4: Backgrounds and International Cooperation .................................................. 12
Closing Session: Conclusions and Final Declaration ......................................................... 13
Conference conclusions ........................................................................................ 14
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... 16
Colophon .................................................................................................................... 16
Annex 1 List of Participants ............................................................................... 18
Annex 2 Opening session (Speeches) ................................................................ 20
Annex 3 Launch IPIECA Guidelines (Speeches) ................................................... 26
Annex 4 Key note addresses (Summaries) ........................................................ 30
Annex 5 Session 1 (summaries of presentations) .............................................. 32
Annex 6 Session 2 (summaries of presentations) .............................................. 38
Annex 7 Session 3 (summaries of presentations) .............................................. 43
Annex 8 Session 4 (summaries of presentations) .............................................. 49
4
Table of contents
opmaak 10-05-2005 10:56 Pagina 4
On 1-3 November 2004, 26 organisa-tions from eight European countriesgathered in Balbriggan, Ireland to
discuss the theme “Towards GreaterPreparedness for Oiled Wildlife Responses inEurope” at the Third Sea Alarm Conference.
The Conference was organised by Sea AlarmFoundation together with the Irish SealSanctuary, who acted as the local host.Fairy©, ITOPF and the WWF-NL sponsoredthe Conference, together with Fingal CountyCouncil, the Heritage Council, Dublin Port andNational Car Rental.
Opening Session
Welcome addresses were given by Mr. PeterCoyle, Caithearlaigh of Fingal County Council;Mr. Roelf de Boer, Chairman of Sea AlarmFoundation; Mr. Brendan Price of the IrishSeal Sanctuary, and Mr. Trevor Sargent,leader of the Green Party. The openingaddress from Captain Dimitri Mitsatsos ofHelmepa was read by Mr. Hugo Nijkamp. (SeeAnnex 2 for the texts of all the speeches.)
Mr. Peter Coyle
“The benefits andprofits of oil bringgreat responsibilityto us all, allowing forno carelessness, nocost cutting, inhandling it safelyand taking fastremedial action,when out of control”
Mr. Roelf de Boer
“The IPIECA Guideis the strongestproof yet of theclose relationshipthat oiled wildliferesponders havebuilt up with the oilresponse industry. Iam sure that thisConference will
develop a set of recommendations that cannotbe ignored by authorities in Europe”
Mr. Brendan Price
“We, producers, dis-tributors, users andwildlife respondersmust remedy theproblems of oil spil-ls, little and large,and mobilise worldopinion in our sup-port”
5
Introduction
opmaak 10-05-2005 10:56 Pagina 5
At the Conference, the new IPIECA Guide forOiled Wildlife Response Planning was laun-ched. The Guide was handed over by Mr. Roelfde Boer (Sea Alarm) and Mr. Chris Morris (IPIE-CA) to Mr. John Østergaard (IMO) and Mr.Aurelio Caligiore (European Commission). Mr.de Boer and Mr. Morris encouraged the IMOand the European Commission to promote theGuide to national authorities in Europe andelsewhere. Mr. Østergaard said that the Guidewould be distributed by the IMO and used inIMO’s oil spill management courses. Mr.Caligiore said that the European Commissionwill encourage the Member States in develo-ping a wildlife response plan, which should bepart of each National Contingency Plan to dealwith marine pollution emergencies at sea andon the coast (See Annex 3).
6
Official launch of the IPIECA guide
From left to right: Mr. de Boer, Mr. Morris, Mr. Caligiore.
opmaak 10-05-2005 10:57 Pagina 6
Dr. Tosh Mollerof ITOPF described the four cornerstones ofthe conference:
- the risk of oil spills; - preparedness for dealing with oiled wildlife; - the development and maintenance of part-
nerships; - and seeing oiled wildlife issues in their proper
perspective.
He pointed to the increasing oil transport fromthe Former Soviet Union and the Caspian Seathrough many of Europe’s coastal waters,altering oil transportation patterns. He stres-sed that adequate risk assessment and oilspill preparedness are the main keys to a suc-cessful response.
Whilst oiled wildlife response is increasinglyrecognised (e.g. in the international compen-sation regimes), preparedness in this fieldneeds further development. In this contextnetworking and partnerships are key issues. Itis the opinion of Dr. Moller that oiled wildliferesponse practices should be based on ascientific approach in order to arrive at opti-mum results (See Annex 3 for a summary).
7
Key note address 1: Oiled wildlife response in Europe
From left to right: Mr. de Boer, Mr. Morris, Mr. Caligiore, Mr. Østergaard
opmaak 10-05-2005 10:58 Pagina 7
In the first session, case studies of the Erika(France 1999, by Ms Sophie Le Dréan-Quénec’hdu) , the Prestige (Spain 2002, byMr. Antonio Sandoval Rey), the Tricolor(Belgium 2003, by Mr. Claude Velter), the FuShan Hai (Sweden 2003, by Mr. Jan Hillarp),the Rockness (Norway 2004, by Mr. PaulKelway) and a mystery spill (Germany 2004,by Mr. Sascha Regmann) were presented(See Annex 5 for summaries), with particularreference to the lessons learned, and the suc-cess and failures in these responses.
Discussion:The most important conclusion from this ses-sion was summarised by an industry repre-sentative.Oiled wildlife responders increasingly demon-strate that they are able to respond profession-ally and that a common view is shared interna-tionally on what constitutes “good practice”.
Some of the presentations however showedthat the wildlife response is still ignored by theauthorities in many situations.
The success of such a response should notbe measured solely in terms of survival of indi-viduals: an incident always impacts a localcommunity, and a well organised responsecan allow local people to direct their (emotion-al) energy in a positive, constructive way.Cooperation is a crucial success factor. Whenit is lacking, groups are left to develop theirown, often isolated activities, and failure isalmost inevitable. In most cases, the successof an operation (despite frequent serious prac-tical or technical drawbacks) can be traced toexcellent pre-existing relationships betweenkey individuals and organisations (both gover-nmental and non-governmental).
In most cases, the structural involvement of theauthorities in the oiled wildlife response signifi-
cantly assisted to the success of response. The psychological effects that are often evi-dent in those individuals (often volunteers)that have become involved in dealing with ani-mals received much attention during the dis-cussion. It was agreed that this aspect(“human welfare”) deserves more attention inthe planning and management of a response.Another item highlighted was the fact that theattitude of governmental organisations insome cases can be very counter productive oreven obstructive to the success of the opera-tion. The clearest example came fromGermany, where the wildlife service hired ran-gers to kill animals while groups of wildliferesponders were working in the same area torescue and rehabilitate animals. Although par-ticipants of the Conference agreed that theposition of governments on the treatment ofanimals (to rehabilitate or euthanasia) shouldbe respected at all times, they agreed thatgovernments at least have the responsibility toprevent adverse and controversial (unaccep-table) situations from happening. TheEuropean Commission and IMO could be ins-trumental in passing this message to gover-nments. Further it was suggested that reportsof oiled wildlife responses should, where pos-sible, be published in internationally peerreviewed papers, so that lessons are learntand made easily available to many readersaround the globe.
8
Session 1: Case studies of some recent incidents
opmaak 10-05-2005 10:59 Pagina 8
Mr. Hans van Rooij (Smit International, International SalvageUnion, see Annex 4) highlighted the importantrole of the salvage industry in the early days ofan incident. If notified in time, salvage couldprevent oil spills from happening and saveconsiderable sums of money that would other-wise have to be spent on clean-up and dama-ge compensation. He observed that nowa-days, Europe (by means of the newly esta-blished European Maritime Safety Agency[EMSA]) tends to invest in oil combat resour-ces rather than in an effective network of sal-vage capacity. In this way Europe seems to
ignore the window of opportunity that a salva-ge operator has, to prevent an incident fromescalating into a major oil spill or other envi-ronmental emergency. Lack of investment inthe salvage sector would also cause a drain ofexperience from this sector. Several remarksof support were expressed from the audiencefollowing Mr. Van Rooij’s address. It was stres-sed that the salvage industry can play a keyrole in preventing wildlife and the environmentfrom becoming oiled.
9
Key note address 2: the role of the salvage industry
From left to right: Mrs. Callahan, Mrs. ‘t Hart, Mr. Sandoval Rey, Mr. Heubeck.
opmaak 10-05-2005 10:59 Pagina 9
This session described some promising initia-tives by governments, in cooperation withnon-governmental organisations and/or indus-try, to develop a national oiled wildlife respon-se plan. Examples came from France,Belgium, UK (Shetland) and Ireland (SeeAnnex 5 for summaries).
Mr. Ivan Calvez(Cedre, France) explained how the experien-ces with oiled wildlife in the aftermath of theErika, i.e. the lack of coordination betweenadministrations, authorities and NGO’s, trigge-red the development of guidelines for the pre-paration of oiled wildlife response plans.These were published in 2003 and are usedby working groups in the different coastaldepartments to develop their own specificAnnex [11.5 of the Polmar (Land) Plan].
Ms. Kathy Belpaeme(Co-ordination point ICZM, Belgium) descri-bed a similar process in Belgium, where theexperience with the Tricolor incident led to thedevelopment of a formal Intervention Plan forOiled Birds. She highlighted the importance ofinvolving all relevant stakeholders in the deve-lopment of such a plan and the different issu-es that it should address, including clear finan-cial procedures, updating procedures and thesmooth integration of the plan with existingones for oil spill response.
Mr. Eugene Clonan(Marine Pollution & Salvage Manager, IrishCoast Guard) gave a presentation on oil pollu-tion preparedness and response withinIreland. The presentation outlined the func-tions of the Irish Coast Guard and describedbriefly the recent incidents in the Irish PollutionResponsibility Zone. An oiled wildlife plan cur-
rently does not exist in Ireland, but the CoastGuard has called on the County Councils (whohave the responsibilities for shoreline clean-up activities) to initiate processes to developsuch a plan.
Mr. Martin Heubeck(SOTEAG) provided an historic overview of thedevelopment of Shetland’s oiled wildliferesponse plan. This is embedded in solidcooperative agreements between administrati-ve (Shetland Island Council), commercial (oilindustry) and wildlife/conservation bodies, andhas been developed as a precautionary meas-ure connected to the presence of intensive oiltransportation activities to and from Shetland’sSullom Voe oil terminal. The plan, seriouslytested during the Braer incident in 1993, wassubsequently improved and is subject to annu-al updates, for which the Wildlife ResponseCoordination Committee (in which all stakehol-ders are represented) is responsible.
Discussion:The discussion in this session concentratedon how a higher level of international coope-ration could be developed, in support ofnational initiatives. In case of an oiled wildlifeincident, it should be possible that both exper-tise and equipment can be sourced quickly(for example through the international databa-se held by Sea Alarm) and made available tolocal responders. International sourcingshould be an integrated part of a national con-tingency plan. It was mentioned that OSRL, incooperation with IFAW, has stored a containerwith basic equipment for an oiled wildliferesponse. In principle, the costs of transport(equipment), travel and subsistence (experts)should constitute justifiable costs that can berecovered from the P&I Clubs and FundConvention as part of a claim.
10
Session 2: examples of progress towards the development of National plans
opmaak 10-05-2005 11:00 Pagina 10
In this session, the role and activities of anumber of organisations were presented (SeeAnnex 6 for summaries).
Mr. Patrick Joseph(International Oil Pollution CompensationFund) explained the IOPC Fund rules for com-pensation for oil pollution damage. These ruleshave recently been modified by the GeneralAssembly of the organisation and now explicit-ly allow for the compensation of ‘reasonable’costs connected with oiled wildlife response.
Mr. Jim Thornborough(BP Shipping Ltd.) described the efforts by theoil industry (IPIECA Oil Spill Working Group)to develop and improve standards. Tools andmethodologies for oil spill response manage-ment are developed and promoted, e.g.through the “Global Initiative”.
Dr. Rob Holland (Oil Spill Response Limited) highlighted theinternational preparedness of the oil industryby means of response capacity held by theGlobal Alliance. The Alliance, of which OSRLis a leading member, has a worldwide networkof warehouses and oil spill combat and cle-anup capacity, and is actieve in training, plan-ning and various consultancies.
Mr. Paul Kelway (International Fund for Animal Welfare) intro-duced the role and activities of IFAW’sEmergency Response Team. This, a jointundertaking by IFAW and International BirdRescue and Research Centre, is respondingglobally to oiled wildlife incidents and adviseson response planning.
Mr. Hugo Nijkamp (Sea Alarm Foundation) gave an overview of theactivities of the Foundation. He described thepromising relationships that have been develo-ped over the last five years with all key actors inan oiled wildlife response, i.e. wildlife groups inEurope, oiled wildlife response experts, industryand governmental organisations.
Discussion:Much of the following discussion concentratedon clarifications regarding the compensation ofoiled wildlife response costs. Mr. PatrickJoseph’s confirmation that such costs are, inprinciple, admissible and that a claim can besubmitted up until three years after a qualifyingincident from a ship (as defined in the FundConvention) was a revelation for many wildliferepresentatives. This means organisations thatthought that their wildlife claim was inadmissi-ble may have the opportunity to be reimbursedfor the incurred costs of their intervention. Forfuture intervention, it was advised that wildliferesponders consult representatives of theIOPC Fund and/or P&I Clubs early to increasethe probability of a successful claim. It is impor-tant, however, to recognise the distinctionbetween a tanker spill (liability regimes includethe admissibility of wildlife costs) and a non-tan-ker spill (a liability system not yet in place, alt-hough P&I Clubs get more sympathetictowards accepting a wildlife claim, as in theTricolor). Costs associated with scientificresearch on the impact of a spill on wildlife areonly likely to be partly admissible, at best, underthe IOPC Fund’s new claim guidelines. Thereis, however, the possibility to start a discussionwith the P&I Clubs and IOPC Fund in order todefine the exact limits of what they would con-sider as “response studies” (potentially admis-sible) and “scientific studies” (not admissible).Claims that are based on a fixed price per tre-ated bird will not usually be accepted.
11
Session 3: role and activities of some international organisations
opmaak 10-05-2005 11:01 Pagina 11
Ms. Barbara Callahan (IFAW) identified the health risks posed by oilon animals, demonstrating at the same timethe many techniques that have been develo-ped by which these adverse effects can beminimised.
Mr. Hugo Nijkamp (Sea Alarm Foundation) assessed theprogress made so far in international coopera-tion on oiled wildlife issues. He reviewed theinformation that had been presented at theconference, distilled conclusions and madesome recommendations for continuation ofcooperative work.
12
Session 4: Backgrounds and International Cooperation
Mr. Luka and Mrs. Clarke
opmaak 10-05-2005 11:01 Pagina 12
The closing session immediately followedSession 4. The conclusions presented by Mr.Hugo Nijkamp (See Box page 14) were dis-cussed, and adopted as being a good reflec-tion of progress made by the Conference. Alsoa draft Final Declaration was discussed andadopted (see page 14).In their reactions to the conference, the parti-cipants were positive about the exchangesthat had taken place. It was noted that themajor international oil spill conferences (INTERSPILL, International Oil Spill Con-
ference, SPILLCON) rarely devoted muchattention to issues related to the rehabilitationof oiled wildlife. The representatives of the oilresponse industry identified the importance ofconferences, such as this organised by SeaAlarm, where wildlife issues are a centralissue, and the Foundation was encouraged toorganise similar events in the future. Nexttime, the value of attending such a conferenceshould be more clearly expressed to industry(oil companies, P&I Clubs, tanker owners) andgovernments.
13
Closing Session: Conclusions and Final Declaration
opmaak 10-05-2005 11:02 Pagina 13
Part I: Experience and recent developments
- Success in an unprepared spill response can usually be attributed to pre-spill arrangements(friendships, collegiality, working relations)
- An unprepared response never leads to optimal results (rather, there is a high probability offrustration, counter productivity, low cost-efficiency)
- How to prepare for oiled wildlife incidents is now documented in an internationally availabledocument, produced by key individuals and organisations involved in wildlife response, that iswidely accepted as a standard (IPIECA Report Series Vol. 13: Guide to oiled wildlife responseplanning)
- The IOPC Fund’s recently modified claims manual now includes a section on specifically rela-ting to oiled wildlife response, which facilitates a more straightforward financial compensationof incurred costs
- The potential of salvage in the early days of a maritime incident needs full attention in nationalcontingency plans
Part II: Towards increased European preparedness
- While the risks of potential oil spills are increasing, Europe, as yet, is far from prepared to respond effectively to such incidents
- Oiled wildlife response plans need to be developed at the national, as well as at local, levels They need to be integrated into existing oil spill response plans
- Unacceptable and unworkable situations caused by unprepared or ignorant governments and organisations must be avoided
- At a European level, wildlife responders need to be enabled to:• set up a communication and information exchange system• develop an international response structure for mutual assistance in case of an emer-
gency, where possible using existing structures (EU, Bonn, Helcom, Rempec, etc.)• set up a central coordination and facilitation point for organising training and develo-
ping European response capacity- The main message from Balbriggan is that European governments should act and start the
processes of developing national wildlife response plans.
Part III Follow-up of the Conference?
A. The IPIECA Guide, accompanied by the “message of Balbriggan” should go to • Parties of the Bonn Agreement• European Commission and Management Committee on Marine Pollution• Helcom• REMPEC• Wildlife groups in Europe
Conference conclusions
14
opmaak 10-05-2005 11:03 Pagina 14
By sending the IPIECA Guide, but also through additional activities, it must be ensured that theissue of oiled wildlife response planning is placed high on the agenda at these governmentalfora. At national levels, wildlife groups should support these efforts by using the IPIECA Guideto put pressure on their governments.
B. Projects should be developed and realised to ensure:- That wildlife groups are trained to learn the specific skills required in an oiled wildlife response- That oil spill managers are trained so that they understand the priorities and requirements of
an oiled wildlife response- The development of tools and standards to enable or support preparedness, and profession-
al approaches- That international workshops are held to bring key actors together so that new initiatives,
based on common interest, can be initiated.
15
opmaak 10-05-2005 11:03 Pagina 15
We are indebted to the Sponsors of theConference, including Fairy, WWF-NL, ITOPF,Fingal County Council, The Heritage Council,Dublin Port and National Car Rental. Wethank BP Shipping Ltd. for providing addition-al funds for the production of theseProceedings.Sea Alarm would like to thank the Irish SealSanctuary, especially Pauline Beades andBrendan Price for the pleasant cooperation,and the warm welcome to Ireland. The ISSVolunteers, Aine Carroll, Heidi Bedell, JosySteinbach, Yvonne Martin, Madeleine Devitt,Loretta Wakely Cassidy, Mary Price did agreat job with assisting to make the conferen-ce to a success.
We also would like to thank the Bracken CourtHotel Staff, especially Mary Atherton andDaniel Jones, for their assistance and makingour stay in Balbriggan so pleasant. Paul andGrace Yoxon of the International OtterSurvival Fund generously offered to make thecredit card facilities on their website availablefor Conference Bookings. Last but not leastwe would like to thank the participants of theConference for their presentations, supportand enthusiastic discussions.
Acknowledgements
Proceedings of the Third Sea Alarm ConferenceConference Chairs: Alessandro Barisich (opening session), Ian White (session 3), Jim Conroy
(session 1 & 4), Hugo Nijkamp (session 2)Report: Hugo NijkampEditors: Ian White, Jim Conroy, Hugo NijkampPhotographs: Pauline Beades (front cover), Karst van der Meulen (Group photo) and
Hugo NijkampLayout: Nancy SchrijversPrint: De Ridder (B)
Sea Alarm FoundationQuai aux Briques 221000 Brussels, Belgiumwww.sea-alarm.org
Dublin Port
NationalCar
RentalAnChomhairle
Oldhreachta
The HeritageCouncil
Comhairle Contae Phine Gall
16
opmaak 10-05-2005 11:04 Pagina 16
17
Annexes
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:10 Pagina 1
Mar
tin H
eube
ckS
OTE
AG
Abe
rdee
n In
stitu
te fo
r Coa
stal
Sci
ence
& M
anag
emen
t,U
nive
rsity
of A
berd
een,
23 S
t. M
acha
r Driv
e,A
berd
een
AB
24 3
RY
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
T44
1224
2728
84F
4412
2427
3405
E m
artin
heub
eck@
btin
tern
et.c
om
Jan
Hill
arp
Sw
edis
h R
ehab
ilita
tors
Ass
ocia
tion
M
atro
sgan
gen
29S
E-2
39 3
1 S
KA
NO
RS
wed
enT
4640
4723
69M
467
0547
1700
E ja
n.hi
llarp
@te
lia.c
om
May
Höl
lerin
gO
elvo
gelh
ilfe
Ger
man
y e.
V.S
rand
stra
sse
40S
ylt
Ger
man
yT
4946
5144
9588
E m
ays-
seite
@w
eb.d
e
Rob
Hol
land
Oil
Spi
ll R
espo
nse
Ltd
Lo
wer
Will
iam
Stre
et,
Sou
tham
pton
, SO
14 5
QE
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
T44
2380
3315
51F
4423
8033
1972
M 4
4791
9566
544
E rh
olla
nd@
osrl.
co.u
k
Jani
ne B
ahr
Oel
voge
lhilf
e G
erm
any
e.V.
N
ords
eeku
rpar
k Vi
lla E
insi
edel
2593
8 W
yk a
uf F
öhr
Ger
man
yT
4917
7330
0077
F 49
4681
5703
54M
491
7733
0007
7ja
nine
_ins
el@
hotm
ail.c
om
Ale
ssan
dro
Bar
isic
hS
ea A
larm
Fou
ndat
ion
108
Aven
ue d
u B
ois
Sol
eil
1950
Kra
aine
mB
elgi
umT/
F 32
2731
7324
E b
aris
ich@
skyn
et.b
e
Paul
ine
Bea
des
Irish
Sea
l San
ctua
ry
Spr
ingh
ill,
Gar
risto
wn,
Co
Dub
linIre
land
T35
3184
3392
7M
538
6357
6220
E jj
ceas
er@
eirc
om.n
et
18
Aur
elio
Cal
igio
reE
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
Av
enue
de
Bea
ulie
u,9
B-1
160
Bru
xelle
sB
elgi
umT
3222
9904
24F
3222
9903
14M
324
9410
1462
E a
urel
io.c
alig
iore
@ce
c.eu
.int
Bar
bara
Cal
laha
nIF
AW
87-9
0 A
lber
t Em
bank
men
tLo
ndon
SE
1 7U
DU
nite
d K
ingd
omT
4420
7587
6713
F 44
7801
6135
20M
170
7249
4871
E b
calla
han.
ibrr
c@ifa
w.o
rg
Ivan
Cal
vez
Ced
re
715
rue
Ala
in C
olas
C
S 4
1836
2921
8 B
rest
Ced
ex 2
Fran
ce
T33
0298
3310
10F
3302
9844
9138
E iv
an.c
alve
z@ce
dre.
fr
Trac
ey C
lark
e R
SP
CA
Wilb
erfo
rce
Way
Sou
thw
ater
Hor
sham
RH
13 9
RS
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
T44
7075
5402
12F
4487
0754
0212
M 4
4140
3238
212
E tc
lark
e@rs
pca.
org.
uk
AN
NE
X 1
LIS
TO
F PA
RTI
CIP
AN
TS Kat
hy B
elpa
eme
Co-
ordi
natio
n ce
nter
ICZM
p/a
VLI
Z,
Vism
ijn, p
akhu
izen
45-
5284
00 O
oste
nde
Bel
gium
T32
5934
2141
F 32
5934
2131
M 3
2497
510.
958
E k
athy
.bel
paem
e@vl
iz.b
e
Roe
lf de
Boe
rS
ea A
larm
Fou
ndat
ion
Oos
tmaa
slaa
n 90
230
63 D
LR
otte
rdam
The
Net
herla
nds
T31
1021
2142
2M
316
1001
6551
E rh
debo
er@
xs4a
ll.nl
Jani
ce B
utle
r Fi
ngal
Cou
nty
Cou
ncil
PO
Box
174
Cou
nty
Hal
lM
ain
Stre
etS
wor
dsC
o. D
ublin
Irela
ndT
3531
8906
215
F 35
3189
0622
M 3
5387
2196
E k
aren
.mur
ray@
finga
lcoc
o.ie
Euge
ne C
lona
nIri
sh C
oast
Gua
rd
Lees
on L
ane
Dub
lin 2
Irela
ndT
3531
6782
305
F 35
3167
8225
9E
eug
ene.
clon
an@
dcm
nr.ie
Jim
Con
roy
Sea
Ala
rm F
ound
atio
n10
Old
Mar
t Roa
dTo
rphi
ns, A
berd
eens
hire
AB
314J
G S
cotla
ndU
nite
d K
ingd
omT
4413
3988
2134
F 44
1339
8821
34M
447
7409
8854
2E
con
roy5
68@
aol.c
om
Mar
ine
Julli
and
TOTA
L51
Esp
lana
de d
u G
ener
al d
eG
aulle
92
907
Par
is L
a D
efen
seC
edex
Fran
ceT
3314
1358
390
F 33
1413
5644
5M
336
7469
4402
E m
arin
e.ju
llian
d@to
tal.c
om
Leni
e ‘t
Har
tS
eal R
ehab
ilita
tion
and
Res
earc
h C
entre
Hoo
fdst
raat
94A
9968
AG
Pie
terb
uren
The
Net
herla
nds
T31
5955
2652
6F
3159
5528
389
M 3
1651
5877
74
E le
nie@
zeeh
onde
ncre
che.
nl
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:10 Pagina 2
T33
2406
8777
6F
3324
0687
751
E s
ldq@
club
-inte
rnet
.fr
Uw
e Le
rch
Pro
ject
Blu
e S
ea
In d
em B
reil
144
627
Her
neG
erm
any
T49
2323
964
0960
F 49
2323
964
0961
M 4
9 16
3 44
28
248
E o
ffice
@pr
ojec
tblu
esea
.de
Soha
il Lu
kaP
roct
er &
Gam
ble
Tem
sela
an 1
0018
53 S
trom
beek
-Bev
erB
elgi
umT
3224
5647
94F
3225
6839
33M
324
9759
1545
luka
.s@
pg.c
om
Paur
ic M
cGar
rigle
Fing
al C
ount
y C
ounc
ilP
O B
ox 1
74C
ount
y H
all
Mai
n S
treet
Sw
ords
Co.
Dub
linIre
land
T35
3189
0621
5F
3531
8906
22M
353
8721
9667
E k
aren
.mur
ray@
finga
lcoc
o.ie
Patr
ick
Jose
phIn
tern
atio
nal O
il P
ollu
tion
Com
pens
atio
n Fu
nd
Por
tland
Hou
seS
tag
Pla
ceLo
ndon
SW
1E 5
PN
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
T44
2075
9271
00F
4420
7592
711
E p
atric
k_jo
seph
@io
pcfu
nd.o
rg
Paul
Kel
way
IFAW
87
-90
Alb
ert E
mba
nkm
ent
Lond
on S
E1
7UD
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
T44
2075
8767
13M
447
8016
1352
0E
pke
lway
@ifa
w.o
rg
Lynd
a K
ingh
amS
OTE
AG
A
berd
een
Inst
itute
for C
oast
alS
cien
ce &
Man
agem
ent,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Abe
rdee
n,23
St.
Mac
har D
rive,
Abe
rdee
n A
B24
3R
YU
nite
d K
ingd
omT
4412
2427
2884
F 44
1224
2734
05E
l.ki
ngha
m@
abdn
.ac.
uk
Soph
ie L
e D
réan
Qué
nec’
hdu
Wild
life
cent
re, N
atio
nal
Vete
rinar
y S
choo
l of N
ante
s A
tlanp
ole
Cha
ntre
rie,
BP
4070
644
307N
ante
s ce
dex
03
Fran
ce
Tosh
Mol
ler
ITO
PF
1, O
liver
’s Y
ard
55, C
ity R
oad
Lond
on E
C1Y
1HQ
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
T44
2075
666
999
F 44
2075
666
950
E to
shm
olle
r@ito
pf.c
om
Chr
is M
orris
IPIE
CA
5th
Floo
r, 20
9-21
5 B
lack
friar
sR
oad
Lond
on S
E1
8NL
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
T44
2076
3323
71F
4420
7633
2389
E c
hris
.mor
ris@
ipie
ca.o
rg
Hug
o N
ijkam
pS
ea A
larm
Fou
ndat
ion
Qua
i aux
Briq
ues
2210
00 B
russ
els
Bel
gium
T32
2412
6009
/ 32
2503
2590
F 32
2502
7438
M 3
1621
8772
19E
nijk
amp@
sea-
alar
m.o
rg
John
Øst
erga
ard
Inte
rnat
iona
l Mar
itim
eO
rgan
izat
ion
(IMO
)4
Alb
ert E
mba
nkm
ent
Lond
on S
E1
7SR
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
T44
20 7
5873
223
F 44
2075
8732
10M
447
7666
8872
4 E
jost
erga
ard@
imo.
org
19
Ant
onio
San
dova
l Rey
TE
RR
AN
OVA
Inte
rpre
taci
on y
Ges
tion
Am
bien
tal,
S.L
.A
pdo.
de
Cor
reos
547
7E
-150
80 A
Cor
uña
Spa
inT
3498
1173
691
F 34
9811
7752
7M
346
1700
323
E s
ando
val@
terr
anov
a-sl
.es
Jim
Tho
rnbo
roug
hB
PS
hipp
ing
Lim
ited
C
herts
ey R
oad
Sun
bury
-on-
Tham
esM
iddl
esex
TW
16 7
LNU
nite
d K
ingd
omT
4419
3276
8006
F 44
1932
7348
19M
447
7809
5596
1E
thor
nbj1
@bp
.com
Cla
ude
Velte
rFl
emis
h N
atur
e D
epar
tmen
t,W
ildlif
e R
ehab
Cen
tre O
sten
d E
.Cav
ells
traat
66
8400
Oos
tend
eB
elgi
umT
3259
8038
44F
3249
9359
06E
cla
ude.
velte
r@vo
gelb
esch
er-
min
g.be
Ian
Whi
teS
ea A
larm
Fou
ndat
ion
19 C
adla
nd C
ourt
Cha
nnel
Way
Oce
an V
illag
eS
outh
ampt
on S
O14
3G
PU
nite
d K
ingd
omT
4423
8021
1110
ianw
hite
45@
hotm
ail.c
om
Bre
ndan
Pric
eIri
sh S
eal S
anct
uary
Tobe
rgre
gan,
G
arris
tow
n,C
o D
ublin
Irela
ndT
3531
8354
487
E jj
ceas
er@
eirc
om.n
et
Sach
a R
egm
ann
Pro
ject
Blu
e S
ea
In d
em B
reil
144
627
Her
neG
erm
any
T49
2323
964
0960
F 49
2323
964
0961
M 4
9 16
3 44
28
248
E o
ffice
@pr
ojec
tblu
esea
.de
Cas
sand
ra R
icha
rdso
nO
il S
pill
Res
pons
e Lt
d cr
icha
rdso
n@os
rl.co
.uk
Low
er W
illia
m S
treet
Sou
tham
pton
, SO
14 5
QE
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
T44
2380
3315
51F
4423
8033
1972
Han
s va
n R
ooij
SM
ITS
alva
ge B
.V
Zalm
stra
at 1
3016
DS
Rot
terd
amTh
e N
ethe
rland
sT
3110
4549
91F
3110
4549
257
M 3
1611
3800
03E
h.v
.rooi
j@sm
it.co
m
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:11 Pagina 3
20
Mr.
Pete
r C
oyle
Cai
ther
laig
h of
Fin
gal C
ount
y C
ounc
il
Ope
ning
add
ress
Th
e Iri
sh S
eal S
anct
uary
bro
ught
Sea
Ala
rm to
the
atte
ntio
n of
the
Loca
l Aut
horit
y in
thei
r ong
oing
edu
catio
n an
d tra
inin
g fo
r oil
spill
resp
onse
. Tha
nks
to P
aulin
e Be
ades
,w
ho s
pear
head
s th
e Sa
nctu
ary’
s ef
forts
in th
is re
gard
. For
her
tire
less
wor
k to
kee
pth
is is
sue
uppe
rmos
t in
our
min
ds a
nd o
n ou
r ag
enda
and
brin
ging
you
all
here
.Th
anks
to
the
Irish
Sea
l Sa
nctu
ary
for
inco
rpor
atin
g pl
ans
for
a N
atio
nal
Mar
ine
Con
serv
atio
n C
entre
, her
e in
Bal
brig
gan,
with
cap
acity
for
a N
atio
nal r
espo
nse
for
oile
d w
ildlif
e an
d lin
kage
s w
ith S
ea A
larm
and
the
inte
rnat
iona
l com
mun
ity.
Fing
al is
the
high
est s
pend
ing
per
capi
ta L
ocal
Aut
horit
y on
par
ks, a
men
ities
and
envi
ronm
enta
l pro
tect
ion.
In
Irela
nd w
e ha
ve a
hig
h am
enity
and
val
uabl
e co
astli
ne,
rich
in w
ildlif
e an
d di
vers
e ha
bita
t. W
e ar
e bi
g co
nsum
ers
of th
e pe
trole
um p
rodu
ctw
ith th
e co
untry
’s m
ain
airp
ort,
fishi
ng p
orts
and
mar
inas
, agr
icul
ture
and
indu
stry
on
the
coas
tal s
trip
and
in th
e hi
nter
land
and
som
e of
the
coun
try’s
maj
or ro
ads.
Fing
al L
ocal
Aut
horit
y tri
es to
take
a ‘c
radl
e to
gra
ve’a
ppro
ach
at lo
cal l
evel
, with
resp
ect t
o ou
r co
nsum
ptio
n of
the
blac
k go
ld. W
e ta
ke th
is o
ppor
tuni
ty to
impr
ess
on th
e in
dust
ry th
eir g
loba
l res
pons
ibili
ty to
pre
vent
ing
rele
ase
into
the
envi
ronm
ent
from
exp
lora
tion
to e
xtra
ctio
n to
dis
tribu
tion
to c
onsu
mpt
ion
and
disp
osal
.Th
e in
dust
ry h
as r
espo
nsib
ility
to e
duca
te fo
r be
st p
ract
ice
at e
very
sta
ge o
f thi
spr
oces
s, to
ens
ure
wis
e, ju
st a
nd ra
tiona
l use
, and
saf
e ha
ndlin
g.
We
wel
com
e th
e in
dust
ry’s
initi
ativ
e he
re to
day
in la
unch
ing
and
adop
ting
prot
ocol
sfo
r wild
life
vict
ims
of o
il. W
e w
elco
me
the
reha
bilit
ator
s an
d ot
her a
genc
ies
wor
king
toge
ther
to ta
ke re
med
ial a
ctio
n, w
hen
oil e
scap
es in
to th
e en
viro
nmen
t. Th
ese
are
brav
e fir
st s
teps
and
Sea
Ala
rm a
nd th
e Iri
sh S
eal S
anct
uary
are
to b
e co
mpl
imen
-te
d fo
r fac
ilita
ting
your
val
uabl
e w
ork
and
inde
ed it
has
bee
n gr
atify
ing
for u
s to
hel
psp
onso
r thi
s pi
onee
ring
even
t in
Irela
nd.
AN
NE
X 2
OPE
NING
SES
SIO
N
Fing
allia
ns h
ave
a lo
ng a
nd p
roud
trad
ition
def
endi
ng th
eir c
oast
line
over
cen
turie
sag
ains
t man
y in
vade
rs. I
f we
coul
d no
t bea
t the
m, w
e as
sim
ilate
d th
em a
nd c
onti-
nue
to p
rote
ct th
is c
radl
e of
civ
ilisa
tion
– ric
h in
land
and
sea
(e.
g. b
ee k
eepi
ng in
Irela
nd s
tarte
d he
re in
Bal
brig
gan,
the
brea
d ba
sket
of D
ublin
, hom
e of
the
rose
ate
tern
, Dub
lin B
ay p
raw
ns a
nd th
e gr
ey s
eal e
t al.)
We
rem
ind
you
- th
at a
gain
st o
il spi
ll, th
ere
is n
o kn
own
adeq
uate
pro
tect
ion
– ju
st d
ama-
ge li
mita
tion
and
so n
o ex
pens
e or
effo
rt ca
n be
spa
red
in p
reve
ntio
n an
d pr
otec
tion
agai
nst o
il sp
ill. O
nce
the
geni
e is
out
of t
he b
ottle
, dam
age
cont
rol i
s ou
r onl
y op
tion.
An
oil s
pill
is ra
rely
an
acci
dent
– it
is m
ore
the
resu
lt of
car
eles
snes
s, h
uman
err
or,
crim
inal
ity o
r te
rror
ism
and
, as
we
know
too
wel
l, th
ese
are
all
too
com
mon
.R
ealis
tical
ly, fr
om ti
me
to ti
me,
we
mus
t cle
an u
p af
ter s
uch
even
ts, s
tatis
tical
ly w
ekn
ow I
rela
nd f
aces
a m
ajor
oil
spill
, on
ave
rage
eve
ry t
en y
ears
and
exp
erie
nce
bear
s th
is o
ut. O
ur c
olle
ctiv
e vi
gila
nce
and
prep
ared
ness
is v
ital a
nd s
o w
e em
b-ra
ce th
is o
ppor
tuni
ty to
wor
k cl
osel
y w
ith y
ou o
n pr
otec
tion
and
dam
age
limita
tion
and
toge
ther
lear
n to
mor
e tig
htly
con
trol t
his
reso
urce
, rel
ease
d fro
m th
e ea
rth a
ndke
ep th
e ge
nie
in th
e bo
ttle.
Irela
nd is
the
last
isla
nd n
atio
n in
the
Eur
opea
n U
nion
with
the
larg
est m
arin
e ju
ris-
dict
ion.
Afte
r Ant
arct
ica,
we
are
the
larg
est
wha
le s
anct
uary
in th
e w
orld
. We
are
hom
e to
the
grey
sea
l, th
e w
orld
’s fi
rst p
rote
cted
sea
l spe
cies
and
num
erou
s sp
e-ci
es o
f sea
bird
s of
inte
rnat
iona
l sig
nific
ance
.
In a
ssoc
iatio
n w
ith th
e Iri
sh S
eal S
anct
uary
, Fin
gal L
ocal
Aut
horit
y pl
ans
to b
uild
ana
tiona
l mar
ine
cons
erva
tion
cent
re o
n a
coas
tal s
ite w
e ha
ve p
rovi
ded
here
inB
albr
igga
n fo
r tha
t pur
pose
. Thi
s w
ill a
ccom
mod
ate
the
wor
k of
the
I.S.S
. and
civ
ilso
ciet
y in
pro
vidi
ng n
ot ju
st s
eal r
ehab
ilita
tion
and
ceta
cean
resp
onse
, but
als
o pr
o-vi
ding
cap
acity
for
oil s
pill
resp
onse
for
wild
life.
It w
ill b
e ou
r co
ntrib
utio
n to
loca
l,na
tiona
l and
inte
rnat
iona
l cap
acity
,
For
som
e ye
ars
now
the
San
ctua
ry h
as b
een
deve
lopi
ng c
apac
ity p
artic
ipat
ing
intra
inin
g an
d tra
inin
g of
oth
ers,
bui
ldin
g on
the
mis
take
s an
d ex
perie
nces
of t
he p
ast.
The
I.S.S
. mai
ntai
ns a
nd u
pdat
es a
regi
ster
of 2
0 tra
ined
bird
was
hers
, ava
ilabl
e to
the
loca
l au
thor
ities
, st
ate
agen
cies
and
for
dep
loym
ent
abro
ad a
s ne
cess
ary.
Inde
ed a
num
ber o
f the
se a
re a
lread
y on
the
inte
rnat
iona
l reg
iste
rs, a
resu
lt of
the
ongo
ing
inte
rnat
iona
l rep
utat
ion
the
I.S.S
. ha
s en
joye
d th
is p
ast
20 y
ears
, in
its
hand
ling
of s
eals
, dev
elop
men
t of t
he Ir
ish
wha
le a
nd d
olph
in s
anct
uary
, tra
inin
gan
d ed
ucat
ion
wor
ksho
ps. A
seal
rel
ease
her
e in
Bal
brig
gan
attra
cted
ca.
5,0
00pe
ople
. Loc
al a
utho
rity
vets
from
all
over
the
coun
try re
ceiv
ed tr
aini
ng in
this
hot
el,
in t
he c
are
of o
iled
bird
s an
d th
is c
onfe
renc
e is
the
lat
est
deve
lopm
ent
in t
heir
ongo
ing
wor
k. W
e ar
e pl
ease
d, th
roug
h th
e I.S
.S.,
to p
artn
er y
ou o
f Sea
Ala
rm a
ndhe
lp d
evel
op th
e ca
paci
ty fu
rther
in o
ur c
ount
ry a
nd y
ours
.
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:11 Pagina 4
21
The
mar
ine
cons
erva
tion
cent
re w
ill pr
ovid
e in
-hou
se c
are
and
train
ing
and
an o
utre
ach
prog
ram
me
to p
rovi
de to
tal c
over
and
cap
acity
for t
his
exte
nsiv
e co
astlin
e, is
land
s an
dco
untry
. It
will
mai
ntai
n lin
ks a
nd p
rovi
de r
epre
sent
atio
n to
Sea
Ala
rm o
n be
half
ofIre
land
. It w
ill w
ork
clos
ely
with
you
to im
prov
e ou
r res
pons
es a
nd te
chni
ques
to s
ave
and
prot
ect w
ildlife
, coa
stal
hab
itats
and
com
mun
ities.
Thos
e of
us,
who
hav
e se
en a
nd e
xper
ienc
ed o
il re
leas
ed in
to th
e na
tura
l env
iron-
men
t can
nev
er fo
rget
the
suffe
ring
and
carn
age
caus
ed to
wild
life,
to th
e en
viro
nmen
tan
d co
mm
uniti
es. I
n Ire
land
we
have
exp
erie
nced
:
• D
ublin
Bay
Spi
lls –
Kis
h sa
ndba
nk m
yste
ry s
pill
1996
, the
oil
nev
er c
ame
asho
-re
, but
thou
sand
s of
oile
d bi
rds
did.
•
Riv
er L
ifey
– 20
01, w
hen
24,0
00 li
tres
of c
rude
oil
drai
ned
into
a 2
-3 m
ile s
tretc
hof
the
river
.• C
logh
er H
ead
Spi
ll.• W
exfo
rd –
199
6 S
ea E
mpr
ess
• C
ork
– 19
86, K
owlo
on B
ridge
pou
red
1,20
0 to
ns o
f bun
ker
oil k
illin
g 6,
000
bird
san
d se
vera
l sea
ls. I
t was
car
ryin
g a
furth
er
2,00
0 to
ns o
f fue
l oil
whi
ch d
id n
otsp
ill.
• D
oneg
al –
a t
anke
r si
mila
r to
the
Pre
stig
e w
as p
reve
nted
fro
m c
ausi
ng s
imila
rde
vast
atio
n by
the
fast
act
ing
Coa
st G
uard
.
Num
erou
s sm
all a
nd o
ngoi
ng m
yste
ry s
pills
resu
lt in
bird
s be
ing
foun
d oi
led
on o
urbe
ache
s.Th
ese
all h
ave
take
n th
eir t
oll.
Not
a m
orni
ng g
oes
by w
ithou
t a re
port
on th
e ra
dio
of a
n oi
l spi
ll on
road
s an
d w
here
doe
s th
at o
il go
? N
inet
y pe
r cen
t of o
il on
wat
eris
as
a re
sult
of la
nd ru
n of
f.
Oil
is e
very
whe
re, i
n ou
r liv
es a
nd e
nviro
nmen
t. Th
ere
rem
ains
the
lurk
ing,
leth
alpo
tent
ial f
or le
akag
e in
to th
e en
viro
nmen
t, w
here
con
trol i
s lo
st. T
he b
enef
its a
ndpr
ofits
from
oil
brin
g gr
eat r
espo
nsib
ility
to u
s al
l, al
low
ing
for
no c
arel
essn
ess,
no
cost
cut
ting,
in h
andl
ing
it sa
fely
and
taki
ng fa
st re
med
ial a
ctio
n, w
hen
out o
f con
-tro
l.
We
com
men
d yo
ur e
fforts
and
you
r wor
k.
Wel
com
e yo
u to
Bal
brig
gan
and
Fing
al, t
ake
your
mee
ting
as a
tim
ely
rem
inde
r to
us a
s a
natio
n to
com
plet
e th
e M
arin
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Cen
tre p
roje
ct a
nd ta
ke o
ur ro
lean
d re
spon
sibi
lity
natio
nally
and
int
erna
tiona
lly t
o co
-ope
rate
in
wis
e an
d ju
stm
anag
emen
t of t
his
reso
urce
in th
e pr
otec
tion
of th
e gl
obal
com
mon
s an
d ou
r chi
ld-
ren’
s fu
ture
.
We
wis
h yo
u a
succ
essf
ul m
eetin
g on
beh
alf o
f wild
life
and
our c
hild
ren.
Mr.
Roe
lf de
Boe
r
Cha
irman
of S
ea A
larm
Fou
ndat
ion
Ope
ning
add
ress
Mr.
Coy
le, L
adie
s an
d G
entle
men
,Le
t me
brie
fly in
trodu
ce m
ysel
f. M
y na
me
is R
oelf
de B
oer a
nd a
s th
e ne
w C
hairm
anof
Sea
Ala
rm, I
wou
ld li
ke to
war
mly
wel
com
e yo
u to
this
, th
e th
ird c
onfe
renc
e or
gani
-se
d by
the
Fou
ndat
ion.
So
me
time
ago,
I w
as a
sked
to
take
ove
r th
e C
hair
from
Ales
sand
ro B
aris
ich,
whi
ch I
did
durin
g th
e Bo
ard
mee
ting
this
mor
ning
. I w
ould
like
toth
ank
Ales
sand
ro fo
r his
impo
rtant
con
tribu
tion
to S
ea A
larm
dur
ing
the
last
two
year
s.
As
the
form
er M
inis
ter
of T
rans
port,
Pub
lic W
orks
and
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t, I w
aspe
rson
ally
con
front
ed w
ith tw
o m
ajor
oil
spill
s, th
e Tr
icol
oran
d th
e Pr
estig
e. In
bot
hca
ses
I tra
velle
d to
the
area
s w
here
the
inci
dent
s oc
curr
ed. B
ecau
se o
f the
Dut
chM
inis
ter a
rriv
ing
in L
a C
oruñ
a in
Spa
in, t
he S
pani
sh P
rime
Min
iste
r, M
r. A
znar
sud
-de
nly
deci
ded
to v
isit
La C
oruñ
a th
e sa
me
day,
bei
ng t
he f
irst
mem
ber
of t
heS
pani
sh C
abin
et to
vis
it th
e ar
ea th
at h
ad b
een
hit s
o ha
rd b
y th
e Pr
estig
eac
cide
nt.
As
a re
sult
of th
is p
erso
nal i
nvol
vem
ent,
Leni
e ‘t
Har
t ask
ed m
e to
join
Sea
Ala
rm,
an in
vita
tion
I gla
dly
acce
pted
and
I si
ncer
ely
hope
that
I ca
n co
ntrib
ute
to th
e ca
use
of S
ea A
larm
in th
e fu
ture
.
Ladi
es a
nd G
entle
men
,I
am s
ure
that
we
will
have
a s
erie
s of
fru
itful
dis
cuss
ions
and
by
the
clos
e on
Wed
nesd
ay, w
e w
ill ha
ve a
stro
ng s
et o
f rec
omm
enda
tions
for o
il sp
ill au
thor
ities
and
othe
r res
pons
ible
bod
ies
thro
ugho
ut E
urop
e to
act
on
and
also
, wha
t we
can
do a
t the
inte
rnat
iona
l lev
el to
pro
vide
the
nece
ssar
y to
ols,
ser
vice
s an
d su
ppor
t for
thes
e au
t-ho
ritie
s to
arri
ve a
t an
acce
ptab
le le
vel o
f pre
pare
dnes
s fo
r oile
d w
ildlif
e in
cide
nts.
I wou
ld li
ke to
than
k th
e C
aith
erle
agh,
Mr C
oyle
, for
sha
ring
the
first
par
t of t
his
day
with
us,
and
hav
ing
open
ed th
e C
onfe
renc
e. Y
our w
ise
and
insp
iring
wor
ds a
ddre
s-se
d pe
rfect
ly th
e re
ason
s w
hy w
e ar
e he
re. T
hank
you
for t
hat!
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:11 Pagina 5
22
I als
o w
ould
like
to th
ank
the
Irish
Sea
l San
ctua
ry fo
r ass
istin
g us
gre
atly
in o
rgan
i-si
ng th
is o
ur T
hird
Con
fere
nce
in Ir
elan
d. A
s yo
u kn
ow, t
he fi
rst t
wo
wer
e he
ld in
the
Net
herla
nds,
whe
re S
ea A
larm
was
fou
nded
and
is
regi
ster
ed.
Som
e tim
e ag
o,Br
enda
n Pr
ice
of th
e Sa
nctu
ary
appr
oach
ed th
e Fo
unda
tion
with
the
prop
osal
of o
rga-
nisi
ng it
s ne
xt C
onfe
renc
e in
Irel
and.
Thi
s, w
e th
ough
t, w
ould
be
a ve
ry g
ood
idea
.
That
brin
gs m
e to
ack
now
ledg
ing
the
two
peop
le w
ho h
ave
done
mos
t to
orga
nise
this
eve
nt,
Hug
o N
ijkam
p of
Sea
Ala
rm a
nd P
aulin
e Be
ades
of
the
Irish
Sea
lSa
nctu
ary.
I th
ink
the
both
of y
ou h
ave
done
a g
reat
job.
Tha
nk y
ou!
Ladi
es a
nd g
entle
men
, W
e ar
e ga
ther
ed h
ere
in B
albr
igga
n to
dis
cuss
how
we
can
best
wor
k to
geth
er to
achi
eve
a gr
eate
r pr
epar
edne
ss to
oile
d w
ildlif
e re
spon
se in
Eur
ope.
I w
ould
like
togi
ve y
ou s
ome
back
grou
nd fo
r thi
s, w
hich
, in
part,
und
erpi
ns th
e op
enin
g re
mar
ks o
fth
e C
aith
erle
agh.
His
des
crip
tion
of t
he s
ituat
ion
in I
rela
nd c
once
rnin
g m
arin
e oi
ltra
nspo
rt an
d its
pot
entia
l thr
eat t
o co
asta
l and
mar
ine
wild
life
is, I
thin
k, a
per
fect
exa
-m
ple
of th
e si
tuat
ion
in w
hich
man
y C
oast
al S
tate
s in
Eur
ope
find
them
selv
es. O
n th
eon
e ha
nd t
here
is a
cou
ntry
’s d
epen
denc
e on
inte
rnat
iona
l mar
itim
e ac
tiviti
es li
kesh
ippi
ng a
nd/o
r oil e
xplo
itatio
n to
kee
p its
eco
nom
y fu
elle
d an
d ru
nnin
g. O
n th
e ot
her,
ther
e is
the
pote
ntia
l ris
k co
nnec
ted
with
thes
e ac
tiviti
es, i
n th
e se
nse
that
if s
omet
-hi
ng g
oes
wro
ng, i
t cou
ld h
ave
maj
or c
onse
quen
ces
for
the
natio
n’s
coas
tal e
nvi-
ronm
ent,
econ
omy
and
tour
ism
.
I am
sur
e w
e al
l agr
ee t
hat
the
only
tot
al p
rote
ctio
n th
at c
an b
e gi
ven
to w
ildlif
ere
sour
ces
and
thei
r ha
bita
ts a
gain
st o
il sp
ills
is to
pre
vent
thes
e fro
m h
appe
ning
.W
hat w
e ha
ve s
een
over
the
last
dec
ades
is th
at le
gisl
atio
n ad
opte
d w
ithin
the
fra-
mew
ork
of d
iffer
ent I
MO
Con
vent
ions
, mor
e sp
ecifi
cally
und
er M
arpo
l, ha
ve m
ade
ship
ping
sig
nific
antly
saf
er, a
nd it
is c
lear
that
ther
e is
a lo
wer
freq
uenc
y of
inci
dent
sfro
m y
ear t
o ye
ar. B
ut a
t the
sam
e tim
e, w
e ha
ve s
een
som
e m
ajor
inci
dent
s ha
p-pe
ning
, suc
h as
the
Erik
aan
d Pr
estig
e. T
hese
rem
ind
us th
at w
e w
ill p
roba
bly
neve
rbe
abl
e to
pre
vent
futu
re o
il sp
ills
from
occ
urrin
g. T
his
mea
ns th
at w
e ca
nnot
fully
prot
ect o
ur c
oast
al a
nd m
arin
e w
ildlif
e fro
m b
ecom
ing
invo
lved
in s
uch
acci
dent
s.A
n oi
led
wild
life
inci
dent
is a
real
istic
sce
nario
for a
ny c
oast
al c
ount
ry in
Eur
ope
with
natu
ral m
arin
e an
d co
asta
l hab
itats
and
rich
wild
life.
In
this
resp
ect I
wou
ld li
ke to
refe
r to
the
Tric
olor
inci
dent
in B
elgi
um, w
here
onl
y 17
0 to
ns o
f oil,
not
eve
n fro
man
oil
tank
er, b
ut a
car
car
rier,
wer
e sp
ilt o
n th
e Fl
emis
h B
anks
, an
area
with
an
inte
rnat
iona
l pro
tect
ed s
tatu
s an
d w
here
ten
s of
tho
usan
ds o
f bi
rds
win
ter.
As
are
sult
of th
is r
elat
ivel
y sm
all s
pill,
som
e te
n th
ousa
nd o
iled
bird
s ca
me
asho
re, o
fw
hich
mor
e th
an 4
,500
wer
e al
ive!
I re
peat
: the
Tric
olor
was
not
a ta
nker
, but
a c
arca
rrie
r. W
hich
mea
ns th
at w
hile
ass
essi
ng th
e pa
rticu
lar r
isk,
a c
ount
ry s
houl
d no
tlo
ok e
xclu
sive
ly a
t the
rout
es o
f oil
tank
ers,
but
to s
hipp
ing
mov
emen
ts in
gen
eral
,in
rel
atio
n to
nat
ural
are
as w
here
ani
mal
s se
ason
ally
or
perm
anen
tly g
athe
r. W
eha
ve to
be
awar
e th
at n
owad
ays,
mer
chan
t mar
ine
carr
iers
hav
e on
boa
rd h
eavy
oils
, whi
ch th
ey u
se a
s fu
el, o
ften
in a
mou
nts
sim
ilar
in v
olum
e to
th
at c
arrie
d by
the
early
tank
ers,
whe
n m
ariti
me
oil t
rans
port
first
sta
rted.
This
brin
gs m
e to
a k
ey o
bser
vatio
n, th
e ra
te to
whi
ch c
oast
al c
ount
ries
are
curre
ntly
pre
-pa
red
to re
spon
d to
an
oile
d w
ildlife
inci
dent
. How
wel
l pre
pare
d ar
e th
ey?
I thi
nk w
e m
ust
draw
the
conc
lusi
on th
at, i
n ge
nera
l, th
e le
vels
of p
repa
redn
ess
are
poor
. Why
is th
at?
Firs
t of
all,
the
re a
re c
ount
ries
that
do
have
an
oile
d w
ildlif
e co
ntin
genc
y pl
an in
plac
e, o
r co
untri
es th
at a
re in
a p
roce
ss o
f dev
elop
ing
one.
The
se h
ave
expe
rien-
ced
a m
ajor
wild
life
inci
dent
in r
ecen
t yea
rs. S
uch
an e
vent
act
ed a
s a
“wak
e up
call”
, afte
r whi
ch th
e au
thor
ities
sta
rted
to d
evel
op th
eir p
lans
. The
UK
did
that
afte
rth
e Se
a Em
pres
s, F
ranc
e af
ter
the
Erik
a, B
elgi
um a
fter
the
Tric
olor
. Pro
babl
y th
eol
dest
pla
n in
Eur
ope
is t
hat
of S
hetla
nd w
hich
was
alre
ady
in p
lace
bef
ore
the
Brae
rwas
wre
cked
in 1
993,
follo
win
g so
me
smal
ler
inci
dent
s at
, or
arou
nd th
e oi
lte
rmin
al o
f Sul
lom
Voe
. Rec
ently
als
o S
pain
has
take
n a
first
ste
p to
dra
ft a
plan
,fo
llow
ing
the
Pres
tige.
We
will
hea
r abo
ut th
ese
expe
rienc
es a
nd d
evel
oped
pla
nsdu
ring
our c
onfe
renc
e he
re in
Bal
brig
gan.
The
situ
atio
n in
oth
er c
ount
ries
rem
ains
unc
lear
, but
from
dis
cuss
ions
with
resp
on-
sibl
e gr
oups
thro
ugho
ut E
urop
e, w
e m
ust a
ssum
e th
at w
ildlif
e pl
ans
are
not i
n pl
ace.
That
doe
s no
t mea
n th
at th
e au
thor
ities
do
not s
ee th
e pr
oble
m. G
radu
ally,
they
are
ente
ring
into
dis
cuss
ions
with
thei
r nat
iona
l wild
life
expe
rts to
see
wha
t sol
utio
ns c
anbe
foun
d. W
e kn
ow th
at fr
om S
wed
en a
nd th
e N
ethe
rland
s. A
lso
in E
urop
e, w
e fin
dco
untri
es in
whi
ch a
utho
ritie
s ha
ve a
gree
d to
resp
ond
to o
iled
wild
life
by e
utha
nisi
ngal
l liv
e ca
sual
ties.
Thi
s is
als
o a
legi
timat
e fo
rm o
f a w
ildlif
e re
spon
se w
hich
, alb
eit i
tis
not
alw
ays
unde
rsto
od b
y so
me
wild
life
resp
onde
rs, a
nd, i
f tha
t is
the
form
al p
osi-
tion
of a
gov
ernm
ent i
n re
spon
se to
an
actu
al s
pill,
sho
uld
be r
espe
cted
. It s
houl
dal
so b
e ac
cept
ed th
at s
uch
a pr
oact
ive
actio
n is
bet
ter
than
no
actio
n at
all.
Tha
tdo
es n
ot m
ean,
of
cour
se,
that
thi
s po
sitio
n ca
n be
mad
e su
bjec
t of
a d
ebat
e at
natio
nal o
r int
erna
tiona
l lev
el, a
fter t
he re
spon
se to
the
spill
has
been
con
clud
ed.
So
I wou
ld s
ay th
at w
e se
e in
Eur
ope,
var
iatio
n, n
ot o
nly
in th
e de
gree
of p
repa
-re
dnes
s, b
ut a
lso
in th
e th
inki
ng a
bout
wha
t an
effe
ctiv
e w
ildlif
e re
spon
se s
houl
din
clud
e, a
nd w
hich
leve
l of p
repa
redn
ess
shou
ld b
e ac
hiev
ed. C
lear
ly w
e ne
ed a
nin
tern
atio
nal d
iscu
ssio
n to
atte
mpt
to b
ring
good
pra
ctic
e to
the
atte
ntio
n of
the
auth
o-rit
ies,
and
dem
onst
rate
that
ther
e ar
e di
ffere
nt o
ptio
ns fr
om w
hich
they
cou
ld c
hoos
e.
At th
e sa
me
time,
ther
e is
a n
eed
for d
iplo
mac
y an
d re
spec
t. W
e ar
e de
alin
g w
ith m
at-
ters
of n
atio
nal c
ompe
tenc
e, n
ot in
tern
atio
nal c
ompe
tenc
e. A
n oi
led
wild
life
plan
will
requ
ire th
e in
put o
f man
y st
akeh
olde
rs, i
nclu
ding
diff
eren
t nat
iona
l dep
artm
ents
. In
man
y ca
ses,
cou
ntrie
s w
ill ha
ve to
dea
l with
frag
men
ted
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
at a
nat
iona
lle
vel,
som
etim
es w
ith k
ey c
ompe
tenc
es th
at a
re d
ealt
with
at a
sub
-nat
iona
l lev
el.
Then
ther
e w
ill be
the
cultu
ral d
iffer
ence
s w
hich
you
will
find
thro
ugho
ut E
urop
e fro
m
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:12 Pagina 6
23
wes
t to
east
, fro
m n
orth
to s
outh
. So
prom
otin
g or
dev
elop
ing
an o
iled
wild
life
resp
on-
se p
lan
is n
ot a
que
stio
n of
hav
ing
a bl
uepr
int s
olut
ion
that
can
be
adop
ted
in a
ny s
itu-
atio
n. D
evel
opin
g a
plan
mus
t be
a na
tiona
lly d
riven
pro
cess
in w
hich
all
thes
e st
a-ke
hold
ers
parti
cipa
te. T
hese
pro
cess
es a
t nat
iona
l lev
els
will
sure
ly b
enef
it fro
m in
ter-
natio
nal e
xper
ienc
e an
d fro
m “b
est p
ract
ices
” ide
ntifi
ed b
y in
tern
atio
nal e
xper
ts. I
t is
impo
rtant
that
thes
e (in
tern
atio
nal e
xper
ienc
es a
nd b
est p
ract
ices
( bec
ome
avai
labl
efo
r gro
ups
and
auth
oriti
es w
ho h
ave
deci
ded
to s
tart
the
proc
ess
of p
lan
deve
lopm
ent.
That
cou
ld b
e do
ne b
y tra
inin
g, a
dvic
e an
d th
e pr
ovis
ion
of to
ols.
That
brin
gs m
e, la
dies
and
gen
tlem
en, t
o th
e ro
le S
ea A
larm
is p
repa
red
to p
lay
at a
nin
tern
atio
nal l
evel
. Ove
r the
last
five
yea
rs, w
e ha
ve d
evel
oped
into
an
orga
nisa
tion
that
has
gai
ned
grea
t cre
dibi
lity
and
acce
ptan
ce a
mon
gst a
ll pa
rties
that
pla
y a
role
inth
e oi
led
wild
life
resp
onse
. Thi
s in
clud
es w
ildlif
e re
spon
ders
thro
ugho
ut E
urop
e, th
eoi
l and
oil
spill
resp
onse
indu
strie
s, s
hipo
wne
rs, m
ariti
me
insu
rers
, and
inte
rnat
iona
lgo
vern
men
tal b
odie
s an
d na
tiona
l oil
spill
auth
oriti
es. W
e in
crea
sing
ly h
ave
real
ised
that
we
wou
ld o
nly
have
an
adde
d va
lue
if w
e w
ould
take
an
abso
lute
ly in
depe
nden
tpo
sitio
n to
war
ds a
ny o
f the
priv
ate
inte
rest
s of
thes
e gr
oups
, by
conc
entra
ting
on th
eir
com
mon
int
eres
t, na
mel
y ef
fect
ivel
y so
lvin
g pr
oble
ms
surro
undi
ng o
iled
wild
life
resp
onse
. We
have
dem
onst
rate
d th
at w
e ar
e ab
le to
initi
ate,
faci
litat
e, e
nabl
e di
ffe-
rent
gro
ups
to c
oope
rate
, inc
reas
e pr
ofes
sion
alis
m a
mon
gst t
hem
, and
rais
e th
e aw
a-re
ness
of t
he p
robl
em in
tern
atio
nally
. We
have
als
o br
ough
t coo
rdin
atio
n, e
xper
tise
and
advi
ce in
rece
nt o
iled
wild
life
inci
dent
s. In
our
act
iviti
es, w
e se
ek to
coo
pera
te c
lo-
sely
with
key
org
anis
atio
ns.
From
the
beg
inni
ng o
f ou
r ex
iste
nce
we
have
alw
ays
coop
erat
ed c
lose
ly w
ith IT
OPF
. Thr
ough
them
, we
have
bui
lt ve
ry g
ood
rela
tions
hips
with
oth
er k
ey p
artie
s in
the
oil r
espo
nse
sect
or. T
his
assi
sted
us
to o
pen
door
s in
the
diffe
rent
fora
whe
re g
over
nmen
tal o
rgan
isat
ions
and
oil
spill
auth
oriti
es m
eet.
In a
par
alle
l pro
cess
, we
have
bee
n cl
osel
y in
volv
ed in
bui
ldin
g in
tern
atio
nal n
etw
orks
amon
gst w
ildlif
e re
spon
ders
in E
urop
e, a
nd o
iled
wild
life
resp
onse
exp
erts
thro
ugho
utth
e w
orld
. An
im
porta
nt p
artn
er i
n th
is b
ranc
h of
act
iviti
es h
as b
ecom
e IF
AW’s
Emer
genc
y R
elie
f Tea
m. B
oth
orga
nisa
tions
hav
e re
cogn
ised
eac
h ot
her’s
com
ple-
men
tary
cap
aciti
es, a
nd w
e ar
e in
a p
roce
ss o
f clo
ser c
oope
ratio
n an
d jo
int a
ctiv
ities
.
Sim
ilarly
, we
cons
tant
ly lo
ok fo
r ot
her
stra
tegi
c pa
rtner
s an
d re
gula
rly fi
nd th
em in
sect
ors
clos
ely
rela
ted
to th
e oi
l spi
ll re
spon
se. W
e ha
ve c
lose
con
tact
with
the
sal-
vage
indu
stry
, and
we
are
happ
y th
at H
ans
van
Roo
ij, o
f SM
ITS
alva
ge, c
urre
ntly
pres
iden
t of t
he In
tern
atio
nal S
alva
ge U
nion
, is
here
with
us.
We
have
als
o cl
ose
cont
acts
with
shi
p ow
ner o
rgan
isat
ions
, suc
h as
INTE
RTA
NK
O. U
nfor
tuna
tely
they
had
to c
ance
l the
ir co
ntrib
utio
n to
our
mee
ting
at th
e la
st m
inut
e, d
ue to
a s
udde
nch
ange
in th
eir
sche
dule
s. In
the
sam
e se
ctor
, we
have
dev
elop
ed c
lose
con
tact
sw
ith H
ELM
EPA
, the
env
ironm
enta
l org
anis
atio
n st
arte
d by
shi
pow
ners
in G
reec
e.A
s yo
u ca
n se
e, a
ll th
ese
orga
nisa
tion
are
impo
rtant
if y
ou a
im a
t cre
atin
g th
e cl
i-m
ate
for p
reve
ntin
g oi
l spi
lls fr
om h
appe
ning
, fro
m a
ffect
ing
anim
als.
This
brin
gs m
e to
the
conc
lusi
on th
at S
ea A
larm
has
gre
at p
oten
tial.
But a
t the
sam
etim
e, th
e pr
essu
re o
n ou
r org
anis
atio
n to
per
form
has
als
o in
crea
sed
sign
ifica
ntly.
The
way
we
have
bee
n op
erat
ing
so fa
r, as
a p
roje
ct o
rient
ed o
rgan
isat
ion
is n
o lo
nger
sust
aina
ble.
The
refo
re w
e ar
e no
w in
a p
roce
ss th
at w
e re
orga
nise
our
gov
erna
nce
stru
ctur
e in
a w
ay th
at w
e ca
n m
eet t
he c
halle
nges
of t
he fu
ture
. We
are
very
hap
pyth
at IT
OPF
and
IPIE
CA
are
now
offe
ring
us a
hel
ping
han
d in
ord
er to
get
a m
ore
stru
ctur
al b
udge
t for
our
act
iviti
es.
Cai
ther
leag
h, la
dies
and
Gen
tlem
en,
We
will
shor
tly s
ee th
e la
unch
of t
he IP
IEC
AG
uide
to O
iled
Wild
life R
espo
nse
Plan
ning
.Se
a Al
arm
has
end
eavo
ured
for y
ears
to g
et th
is d
ocum
ent w
ritte
n. In
our
effo
rts, w
eha
ve a
lway
s fo
und
orga
nisa
tions
suc
h as
ITO
PF a
nd IP
IEC
A, b
ut a
lso
oil c
ompa
nies
,in
clud
ing
BPan
d TO
TAL,
enc
oura
ging
us
to g
et th
e jo
b do
ne. W
e ar
e of
cou
rse
very
happ
y an
d pr
oud
that
it is
now
in p
lace
and
we
trust
that
this
impo
rtant
doc
umen
t will
bean
exc
elle
nt to
ol to
be
used
by
oil s
pill
auth
oritie
s th
roug
hout
the
wor
ld.
Ladi
es a
nd g
entle
men
, we
are
here
with
a s
trong
cor
e gr
oup
repr
esen
ting
som
e of
the
fines
t oil
spill
res
pons
e ex
perti
se in
Eur
ope,
may
be e
ven
in th
e w
orld
. I th
ink
toge
ther
we
shou
ld b
e ab
le to
put
toge
ther
a s
trong
mes
sage
to th
e go
vern
men
tsan
d oi
l spi
ll au
thor
ities
in E
urop
e th
at c
ould
go
alon
g w
ith th
e la
unch
of t
hese
Gui
de.
This
mes
sage
bei
ng th
at th
is G
uide
cle
arly
pre
sent
s w
hat a
n oi
led
wild
life
resp
on-
se is
, why
it is
impo
rtant
and
wha
t a r
espo
nse
plan
sho
uld
incl
ude
in o
rder
to b
eef
fect
ive.
Tog
ethe
r w
e sh
ould
say
to
the
auth
oriti
es:
here
it is
, an
d w
e th
ink
it is
wor
thw
hile
that
you
ser
ious
ly c
onsi
der u
sing
it.
Mr.
Coy
le, l
adie
s an
d ge
ntle
men
I co
me
to th
e en
d of
my
open
ing
addr
ess.
Loo
king
with
muc
h co
nfid
ence
to th
e fu
ture
, I th
ink
this
Thi
rd S
ea A
larm
Con
fere
nce
will
be a
mile
ston
e in
diff
eren
t res
pect
s. W
e w
ill sh
ortly
see
the
offic
ial l
aunc
h of
the
IPIE
CA
Gui
de to
Oile
d W
ildlif
e R
espo
nse
Plan
ning
. Thi
s do
cum
ent w
ill be
a fo
rcef
ul to
ol in
our m
issi
on to
get
a h
ighe
r lev
el fo
r Eur
opea
n pr
epar
edne
ss. I
t is
the
stro
nges
t pro
ofye
t of t
he c
lose
rel
atio
nshi
p th
at o
iled
wild
life
resp
onde
rs h
ave
built
up
with
the
oil
resp
onse
indu
stry
, whi
ch s
houl
d be
a m
ajor
fact
or in
the
prom
otio
n of
the
Gui
de to
the
oil s
pill
auth
oriti
es in
Eur
ope.
In s
uppo
rt of
that
task
, we
will
need
to d
evel
op d
if-fe
rent
inte
rnat
iona
l act
iviti
es, s
uch
as tr
aini
ng, e
xcha
nge
of in
form
atio
n, n
ewsl
ette
rs,
info
rmat
ive
web
site
s. A
lso
we
need
to d
iscu
ss h
ow w
e co
uld
prov
ide
inte
rnat
iona
lre
spon
se to
oil
spills
that
mig
ht h
appe
n ov
er th
e ne
xt fe
w y
ears
in E
urop
e. H
avin
gse
en t
he p
artic
ipan
ts li
st,
I ha
ve r
ealis
ed t
hat
we
have
a f
anta
stic
cor
e gr
oup
ofex
perti
se h
ere
in B
albr
igga
n, a
nd I
am m
ore
than
con
fiden
t tha
t tog
ethe
r we
will
beab
le to
dev
elop
a s
et o
f rec
omm
enda
tions
that
can
not b
e ig
nore
d in
Eur
ope.
I wis
h yo
u a
very
frui
tful c
onfe
renc
e!Th
ank
you
for y
our a
ttent
ion.
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:12 Pagina 7
24
huge
loss
es o
f life
of y
este
ryea
r may
not
hav
e be
en in
vai
n. In
atte
ndin
g th
is c
on-
fere
nce,
I w
as a
ccus
ed b
y m
y ow
n ch
ildre
n of
con
sorti
ng w
ith t
he d
evil
and
inre
spon
se to
that
lies
the
only
insp
iratio
n an
d w
ords
of a
dvic
e th
at c
omes
to m
e an
dth
at is
, we
mus
t dis
pel d
oubt
and
par
anoi
a, b
uild
trus
t and
wor
k to
geth
er to
just
ifyou
rsel
ves
and
our
co-o
pera
tive
effo
rts to
ano
ther
gen
erat
ion,
by
colle
ctiv
ely
min
i-m
isin
g oi
l dam
age
and
resp
ondi
ng q
uick
ly w
hen
cont
rol i
s lo
st. T
he s
ouls
of s
eabi
rds
and
our n
ext g
ener
atio
n of
chi
ldre
n, w
ill n
ot to
lera
te fa
ilure
as
an o
ptio
n! W
e,pr
oduc
ers,
dis
tribu
tors
, use
rs a
nd w
ildlif
e re
spon
ders
mus
t rem
edy
the
prob
lem
s of
oil s
pill,
littl
e an
d la
rge,
and
mob
ilise
wor
ld o
pini
on in
our
sup
port.
I co
mm
end
your
wor
thy
wor
k an
d w
ish
you
ever
y su
cces
s fro
m t
he I
rish
Sea
lS
anct
uary
. We
look
forw
ard
to w
orki
ng w
ith y
ou o
ver
the
com
ing
days
and
wel
co-
me
your
sup
port
for B
albr
igga
n, F
inga
l the
pro
pose
d N
atio
nal M
arin
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Cen
tre.
Mr.
Bre
ndan
Pric
e
Irish
Sea
l San
ctua
ry
Ope
ning
add
ress
The
Sou
ls o
f Los
t Sea
Bird
s;
Aw
elco
me
to th
e de
lega
tes
to th
e co
nfer
ence
, fro
m th
e Iri
sh S
eal S
anct
uary
Adh
aoin
e ua
isle
, cea
d m
ile fa
ilte
libh
go le
ir.G
entle
folk
, 100
,000
wel
com
es to
you
all,
to B
albr
igga
n in
Fin
gal,
the
prop
osed
site
of Ir
elan
ds N
atio
nal M
arin
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Cen
tre, w
hich
alo
ng w
ith o
ther
thin
gs w
illac
com
mod
ate
the
coun
try’s
oil
spill
resp
onse
cap
acity
for w
ildlif
e; m
aint
ain
a re
gis-
ter
of o
il re
spon
ders
, fo
r lo
cal,
natio
nal
and
inte
rnat
iona
l se
rvic
e; a
nd l
iais
e on
Irela
nd’s
beh
alf w
ith th
e In
tern
atio
nal r
espo
nse
com
mun
ity. I
t is
ausp
icio
us th
at y
ouco
ngre
gate
her
e to
day
on H
allo
wee
n, a
t the
sta
rt of
the
mon
th o
f sou
ls a
nd r
eali-
sing
my
own
igno
ranc
e an
d in
expe
rienc
e of
oil
and
the
caus
es o
f and
resp
onse
s to
spill
s.
See
king
insp
iratio
n as
to h
ow to
add
ress
you
, I w
alke
d, i
n a
little
gra
veya
rd a
mon
gm
y an
cest
ors;
they
face
d m
any
assa
ults
from
the
sea,
but
oil
is a
new
cha
lleng
e! I
,lik
e an
ybod
y he
re, w
ho h
as e
xper
ienc
ed o
il sp
ill, a
cer
tain
life
-cha
ngin
g ev
ent,
amal
l too
fam
iliar
as
a si
mpl
e w
ildlif
e re
spon
der,
with
the
effe
cts
and
the
deat
h an
dde
stru
ctio
n w
reak
ed o
n w
ildlif
e by
our
col
lect
ive
irres
pons
ibili
ty o
r ca
rele
ssne
ss. I
have
sin
ce b
ecom
e, w
ith o
ther
s on
this
mos
t vul
nera
ble
isla
nd, t
hrou
gh th
e as
si-
stan
ce o
f IB
RR
C a
nd I
FAW
, be
tter
prep
ared
, tra
ined
and
exp
erie
nced
in w
ildlif
ere
spon
se, t
han
here
tofo
re. P
reve
ntio
n re
mai
ns th
e pr
efer
red
optio
n, b
ut w
ith y
ou a
ll,I a
m h
ere
to le
arn
from
bot
h in
dust
ry a
nd e
xper
ienc
e ho
w w
e ca
n re
spon
d be
tter
until
suc
h tim
e as
the
seas
and
our
ear
th a
re a
saf
er p
lace
for w
ildlif
e an
d ou
r chi
ld-
ren.
If
we
lear
n fro
m e
ach
othe
r an
d de
velo
p al
lianc
es fo
r pr
otec
tion
and
capa
city
, the
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:13 Pagina 8
25
Mr.
Dim
itri M
itsat
sos1
Dire
ctor
Gen
eral
of H
ELM
EPA
Ope
ning
adr
ess
Dea
r Mr.
Cha
irman
, dea
r Del
egat
es,
I wou
ld li
ke to
than
k th
e or
gani
sers
for
invi
ting
HE
LME
PAto
par
ticip
ate
in th
e 3r
dS
ea A
larm
Con
fere
nce.
Unf
ortu
nate
ly, a
n ex
trem
ely
heav
y w
orkl
oad
does
not
allo
wm
e to
atte
nd th
is h
ighl
y in
tere
stin
g m
eetin
g, s
o I h
ave
kind
ly a
sked
Mr.
Nijk
amp,
Dire
ctor
of t
he S
ea A
larm
Fou
ndat
ion,
to re
ad m
y sh
ort a
ddre
ss.
In F
ebru
ary
2004
, w
e ha
d a
mee
ting
with
Mr.
Nijk
amp
at o
ur o
ffice
s in
Ath
ens,
durin
g w
hich
he
info
rmed
me
and
my
colle
ague
s in
HE
LME
PAab
out t
he a
ims
and
obje
ctiv
es o
f the
Sea
Ala
rm F
ound
atio
n. T
he id
ea w
as r
aise
d th
at H
ELM
EPA
and
Sea
Ala
rm c
ould
dev
elop
a c
lose
r rel
atio
nshi
p w
ith e
ach
othe
r, w
hich
cou
ld c
ontri
-bu
te to
ove
rall
effo
rts fo
r the
pro
tect
ion
of th
e m
arin
e en
viro
nmen
t.
The
Hel
leni
c M
arin
e E
nviro
nmen
t Pro
tect
ion
Ass
ocia
tion
– H
ELM
EPA
- w
as fo
un-
ded
22 y
ears
ago
by
Gre
ek s
eafa
rers
and
shi
pow
ners
with
the
aim
to m
otiv
ate
the
hum
an e
lem
ent i
n sh
ippi
ng to
take
vol
unta
ry p
roac
tive
actio
n to
pre
vent
shi
p-ge
ne-
rate
d m
arin
e po
llutio
n, th
us c
ompl
emen
ting
the
regu
lato
ry le
vel.
Sin
ce 1
983,
HE
LME
PAha
s im
plem
ente
d 22
ann
ual r
efre
sher
-trai
ning
pro
gram
mes
for o
ffice
rs a
nd s
taff
of m
embe
r com
pani
es. T
he o
bjec
tive
is to
upd
ate
and
refre
shth
e kn
owle
dge
of p
artic
ipat
ing
prof
essi
onal
s so
that
they
are
kep
t abr
east
of d
eve-
lopm
ents
. Oil
pollu
tion
prep
ared
ness
and
resp
onse
, as
wel
l as
the
impa
ct o
f pol
lu-
tion
on m
arin
e lif
e an
d hu
man
s, a
re p
rom
inen
t top
ics
on th
e sy
llabu
s of
ann
ual t
rai-
ning
pro
gram
s, w
hich
hav
e be
en a
ttend
ed s
o fa
r by
mor
e th
an 1
4,50
0 se
afar
ers
and
com
pany
sta
ff.
The
volu
ntar
y an
d pr
oact
ive
appr
oach
of H
ELM
EPA
has
been
follo
wed
in s
ever
alpa
rts o
f th
e w
orld
thr
ough
the
fou
ndin
g of
sim
ilar
non-
prof
it, n
on-g
over
nmen
tal
Ass
ocia
tions
– M
EPA
s in
Cyp
rus,
Tur
key,
the
UK
, U
rugu
ay,
the
Phi
lippi
nes
and
Aus
tralia
.
Whe
reas
HE
LME
PAst
ands
on
the
one
end
of th
e sp
ectru
m, i
.e. p
ollu
tion
prev
en-
tion,
the
Sea
Ala
rm F
ound
atio
n lie
s on
the
othe
r, i.e
. oil
spill
resp
onse
and
cle
an u
p.B
oth
parts
are
equ
ally
impo
rtant
and
com
plem
ent
one
anot
her.
Des
pite
its
shor
tex
iste
nce,
Sea
Ala
rm h
as m
ade
cons
ider
able
pro
gres
s in
pro
mot
ing
the
impo
rtan-
ce o
f pre
-spi
ll pl
anni
ng a
nd p
repa
redn
ess
and
the
need
for
effe
ctiv
e pr
ofes
sion
alco
oper
atio
n in
the
afte
rmat
h of
an
inci
dent
in o
rder
to m
inim
ize
its im
pact
. In
doin
gso
the
Foun
datio
n ha
s re
ceiv
ed a
pos
itive
resp
onse
.
Sea
Ala
rm a
nd H
ELM
EPA
toge
ther
hav
e th
e po
tent
ial t
o fu
rther
pro
mot
e co
oper
a-tio
n an
d re
spon
sibl
e en
viro
nmen
tal c
ondu
ct b
y al
l sta
keho
lder
s in
volv
ed in
oil
spill
prev
entio
n, r
espo
nse
and
clea
n up
, in
ord
er t
o m
inim
ise
mar
ine
pollu
tion
and
itsim
pact
on
wild
life
and
the
envi
ronm
ent a
s a
who
le. I
t is
for
thes
e re
ason
s th
at w
ew
elco
me
the
prop
osal
of S
ea A
larm
Fou
ndat
ion
to c
oope
rate
in th
is fi
eld
and
we
are
look
ing
forw
ard
to e
xcha
ngin
g id
eas
tow
ards
this
dire
ctio
n.
On
beha
lf of
our
Mem
bers
, 50
0 oc
ean-
goin
g ve
ssel
s, 1
70 c
ompa
nies
in G
reec
ean
d ab
road
and
ove
r 14,
000
Gre
ek s
eafa
rers
, I w
ish
you
a pr
oduc
tive
Con
fere
nce
and
a fru
itful
out
com
e to
you
r w
orki
ngs
and
I apo
logi
ze o
nce
agai
n fo
r no
t bei
ngab
le to
atte
nd.
Sin
cere
ly,
Cap
tain
Dim
itris
C. M
itsat
sos
HE
LME
PAD
irect
or G
ener
al
1 M
r. M
itsat
sos’
open
ing
addr
ess,
in h
is a
bsen
ce, w
as re
ad to
the
parti
cipa
nts
by M
r.Nijk
amp
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:13 Pagina 9
26
Mr.
Chr
is M
orris
Secr
etar
y G
ener
al o
f IPI
ECA
Ladi
es a
nd G
entle
men
,
May
I sa
y ho
w d
elig
hted
I am
to b
e he
re w
ith y
ou th
is m
orni
ng a
t the
sta
rt of
the
Third
Sea
Ala
rm C
onfe
renc
e in
Bal
brig
gan
and
for
the
laun
ch o
f Vol
ume
13 in
the
IPIE
CA
Rep
ort S
erie
s “A
Gui
de to
Oile
d W
ildlif
e R
espo
nse
Pla
nnin
g.”
Let m
e sh
ed s
ome
light
as
to h
ow IP
IEC
Abe
cam
e in
volv
ed w
ith S
ea A
larm
, whe
rew
e ar
e to
day,
and
our
futu
re p
lans
.Th
ree
year
s ag
o Se
a Al
arm
app
roac
hed
IPIE
CA,
and
our
oil
spill
wor
king
gro
up in
parti
cula
r, se
ekin
g su
ppor
t for
thei
r pro
posa
l to
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
on
oile
dw
ildlif
e re
spon
se p
lann
ing,
a s
ubje
ct n
ot g
ener
ally
inc
lude
d in
gen
eric
res
pons
epl
ans.
Suc
h a
guid
e w
as e
nvis
aged
to b
e of
inte
rest
to g
over
nmen
ts, i
ndus
try a
ndw
ildlif
e re
spon
ders
on
how
to d
eal w
ith w
ildlif
e if
anim
als
beca
me
oile
d du
ring
a sp
illan
d, it
see
med
app
ropr
iate
to
be in
clud
ed in
the
inte
rnat
iona
lly a
ccep
ted
IPIE
CA
repo
rt se
ries.
Late
in 2
001,
the
IPIE
CA
Oil
Spill
Wor
king
Gro
up, g
ener
ousl
y su
ppor
ted
finan
cial
lyby
BP
and
TOTA
L, a
gree
d to
the
prop
osal
to p
ublis
h th
is re
port.
U
nfor
tuna
tely,
a s
imila
r Eur
opea
n pr
opos
al fo
r sup
port,
hav
ing
labo
rious
ly, b
ut s
uc-
cess
fully
, pas
sed
thro
ugh
the
vario
us te
chni
cal c
omm
ittee
s, fa
iled
at th
e fin
al h
urd-
le to
sat
isfy
new
fina
ncia
l rul
es s
et b
y th
e C
omm
issi
on a
fter t
he p
ropo
sal w
as s
ub-
mitt
ed.
Und
aunt
ed, S
ea A
larm
cam
e ba
ck to
IPIE
CA
in S
epte
mbe
r las
t yea
r, w
ith a
revi
sed
prop
osal
to d
evel
op th
e gu
idel
ines
with
sup
port
now
of i
ndus
try a
lone
. The
y ha
veno
t w
aste
d an
y tim
e an
d, t
oday
, af
ter
muc
h ef
fort
by m
any
peop
le,
here
is
the
repo
rt, th
e la
st in
the
IPIE
CA
Rep
ort S
erie
s.W
ith o
ver 4
5 pa
ges,
the
thic
kest
yet
, we
have
a ri
ch d
ocum
ent,
full
of d
etai
l on
oile
dw
ildlif
e re
spon
se a
nd h
ow s
uch
a re
spon
se c
an b
e in
corp
orat
ed in
to t
he c
ontin
-ge
ncy
plan
ning
pro
cess
.
Wha
t is
so u
niqu
e ab
out t
his
guid
e is
that
it h
as b
een
deve
lope
d by
an
inte
rnat
ion-
al p
roce
ss o
f co
nsul
tatio
n, t
hrou
gh w
hich
fou
r ed
itors
com
mun
icat
ed w
ith t
heir
peer
s ac
ross
the
wor
ld. W
hat i
s ev
en m
ore
plea
sing
, and
I be
lieve
a r
emar
kabl
eac
hiev
emen
t, is
that
the
repo
rt is
em
brac
ed a
nd e
ndor
sed
by s
uch
an e
min
ent i
nter
-na
tiona
l gro
up. I
wou
ld li
ke to
ack
now
ledg
e th
e hu
ge e
ffort,
not
onl
y of
Hug
o an
dS
ea A
larm
, but
als
o:
• Cur
t Clu
mpn
er, I
nter
natio
nal F
und
for A
nim
al W
elfa
re –
Inte
rnat
iona
l Bird
Res
cue
and
Res
earc
h C
entre
,• T
im T
hom
as, R
oyal
Soc
iety
for t
he P
reve
ntio
n of
Cru
elty
to A
nim
als
and
• Jim
Con
roy,
Cel
tic E
nviro
nmen
t Ltd
.
Valu
able
con
tribu
tions
wer
e al
so r
ecei
ved
from
a f
urth
er 1
4 re
spec
ted
orga
nisa
-tio
ns.
Suc
h su
ppor
t giv
es c
onsi
dera
ble
wei
ght t
o th
e re
port
and,
hop
eful
ly th
e m
omen
tum
for g
over
nmen
ts a
nd o
ther
resp
onsi
ble
parti
es in
volv
ed in
oil
spill
con
tinge
ncy
plan
-ni
ng to
acc
ept i
ts g
uida
nce
and
use
it. T
his
conf
eren
ce is
the
first
ste
p in
ens
urin
gun
iver
sal a
ccep
tanc
e.A
s to
the
futu
re, w
ithin
IPIE
CA
we
shal
l dis
tribu
te th
e re
port
wid
ely,
to a
ll ou
r mem
-be
rs a
s w
ell a
s m
ake
copi
es a
vaila
ble
at n
ext y
ear’s
IOS
C in
Mia
mi.
Tran
slat
ions
will
als
o fo
llow
in F
renc
h, S
pani
sh, R
ussi
an a
nd C
hine
se, a
ll of
them
dow
nloa
dabl
efro
m th
e IP
IEC
AW
ebsi
te.
Toda
y, I
have
gre
at p
leas
ure
to p
rese
nt th
e fir
st c
opie
s of
the
new
gui
de, l
itera
llyst
raig
ht o
ff th
e pr
ess,
to m
y go
od fr
iend
Joh
n Ø
ster
gaar
d fro
m th
e IM
O a
nd A
urel
ioC
alig
iore
from
the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on w
ith a
sim
ple
mes
sage
– P
leas
e as
sist
us a
ll in
brin
ging
the
guid
e to
the
atte
ntio
n of
gov
ernm
ents
in E
urop
e an
d fu
rther
afie
ld a
nd s
timul
ate
all t
hose
you
can
in th
eir u
se o
f the
gui
delin
es.
AN
NE
X 3
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:14 Pagina 10
27
Mr.
Aur
elio
Cal
igio
re
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
Dea
r Col
leag
ues,
Lad
ies
and
Gen
tlem
en,
Firs
t of a
ll, I
wou
ld li
ke to
than
k th
e or
gani
sers
of t
he T
hird
Sea
Ala
rm C
onfe
renc
efo
r the
invi
tatio
n to
atte
nd th
is C
onfe
renc
e.A
s yo
u kn
ow, t
he E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
has
pla
yed
and
still
pla
ys a
n im
porta
nt ro
lein
the
field
of p
repa
redn
ess
for a
nd re
spon
se to
mar
ine
pollu
tion
caus
ed b
y sh
ips,
thro
ugh
the
Com
mun
ity A
ctio
n w
hich
has
bee
n in
forc
e si
nce
a C
ounc
il re
solu
tion
of 1
978.
At p
rese
nt, t
he ro
le o
f the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
unity
in th
e fie
ld o
f res
pons
e to
mar
ine
pollu
tion
finds
its
lega
l bas
is in
the
Com
mun
ity fr
amew
ork
for c
oope
ratio
n in
the
field
of a
ccid
enta
l or d
elib
erat
e m
arin
e po
llutio
n.A
s al
l of y
ou k
now
, the
mos
t im
porta
nt o
bjec
tive
in c
ase
of s
erio
us o
il sp
ill is
to m
in-
imis
e th
e en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
ct.
The
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on’s
Civ
il P
rote
ctio
n U
nit i
n D
G E
nviro
nmen
t, w
ith th
e he
lpof
the
Man
agem
ent
Com
mitt
ee o
n M
arin
e P
ollu
tion,
try
to
achi
eve
this
impo
rtant
goal
mai
nly
thro
ugh
two
maj
or a
ctio
ns. F
irstly
, a th
ree-
year
rolli
ng p
lan
whi
ch fu
nds
actio
ns s
uch
as tr
aini
ng, e
xcha
nge
of e
xper
ts, e
xerc
ises
, pilo
t pro
ject
s, s
urve
ys o
fth
e en
viro
nmen
tal
impa
ct
afte
r an
ac
cide
nt,
etc.
S
econ
dly,
a
Com
mun
ityIn
form
atio
n S
yste
m w
ith th
e pu
rpos
e of
dat
a ex
chan
ge o
n th
e pr
epar
edne
ss a
ndre
spon
se to
mar
ine
pollu
tion.
Eac
h ye
ar, t
he C
omm
issi
on, j
oint
ly w
ith M
embe
r Sta
tes,
iden
tifie
s cu
rren
t and
futu
-re
prio
ritie
s to
be
take
n in
to c
onsi
dera
tion
in th
e th
ree-
year
rolli
ng p
lan.
In 2
004,
we
have
def
ined
prio
rity
actio
ns,
incl
udin
g po
tent
ially
pol
lutin
g sh
ipw
reck
s, il
licit
dis-
char
ges
from
shi
ps, r
espo
nse
to h
arm
ful s
ubst
ance
s, e
nviro
nmen
tal d
amag
e, c
on-
tinge
ncy
plan
ning
, and
ani
mal
wel
fare
.I
wou
ld li
ke t
o dr
aw y
our
atte
ntio
n to
the
effo
rts m
ade
in t
he p
ast
year
s by
the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on t
o su
ppor
t an
d im
prov
e th
e an
imal
wel
fare
in t
he c
ase
ofoi
led
sea-
anim
als.
Eac
h ye
ar, a
mon
g ot
her
prio
ritie
s, th
e to
pic
of “
anim
al w
elfa
re”
has
been
sup
porte
d.
In th
e ye
ar 2
000,
we
supp
orte
d Te
chni
ques
and
met
hods
of r
espo
nse
and
reha
bili-
tatio
n. W
e sa
id t
hat
…pa
rticu
lar
cons
ider
atio
n sh
ould
be
give
n to
pilo
t pr
ojec
ts,
whi
ch c
ould
con
tribu
te to
the
deve
lopm
ent o
r the
impr
ovem
ent:
• of r
ecov
ery
tech
niqu
es fo
r hea
vy o
il• o
f met
hods
or t
echn
ique
s to
take
car
e of
affe
cted
bird
s an
d ot
her a
nim
als.
In 2
001,
on
the
subj
ect o
f Ani
mal
Wel
fare
, We
prop
osed
a W
orks
hop
to g
athe
r the
expe
rienc
e ga
ined
in t
he a
rea
of a
nim
al w
elfa
re in
cas
e of
mar
ine
pollu
tion.
The
wor
ksho
p w
as t
o an
alys
e th
e pr
otec
tion,
ret
rieva
l, cl
eani
ng a
nd r
ehab
ilita
tion
ofaf
fect
ed a
nim
als.
Par
ticul
ar a
ttent
ion
was
nee
ded
on h
ow to
trea
t bird
s af
fect
ed b
yoi
l.Th
en in
200
2, a
gain
und
er th
e he
adin
g of
Ani
mal
Wel
fare
, We
mov
ed fo
rwar
d to
a…
pilo
t pro
ject
inte
nded
to d
raw
from
exp
erie
nce
gain
ed in
the
area
of a
nim
al w
el-
fare
in c
ase
of m
arin
e po
llutio
n. It
had
to c
onsi
der i
ssue
s su
ch a
s pr
otec
tion,
retri
e-va
l, cl
eani
ng a
nd r
ehab
ilita
tion
of a
ffect
ed a
nim
als.
Aga
in, p
artic
ular
atte
ntio
n w
aspa
id to
the
prob
lem
of t
reat
ing
oile
d bi
rds.
In 2
003,
no
call
for p
ropo
sals
was
laun
ched
, but
in 2
004,
we
retu
rned
aga
in to
the
subj
ect o
f Ani
mal
wel
fare
and
a W
orks
hop
and/
or p
ilot p
roje
ct in
tend
ed to
dra
w fr
omex
perie
nce
gain
ed in
the
area
of a
nim
al w
elfa
re, a
gain
dea
ling
with
sim
ilar t
hem
esan
d al
so lo
okin
g at
the
rol
es o
f th
e di
ffere
nt a
ctor
s in
volv
ed in
oil
spill
res
pons
e,in
clud
ing
the
com
pete
nt a
utho
ritie
s, N
GO
s an
d vo
lunt
eers
, and
from
a E
urop
ean
pers
pect
ive.
From
200
0 to
200
3, th
e E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
did
not
rece
ive
any
elig
ible
pro
po-
sal o
n th
e sp
ecifi
c to
pic.
Fin
ally,
this
yea
r, th
e ev
alua
tion
Com
mitt
ee o
f the
“cal
l for
prop
osal
on
mar
ine
pollu
tion”
rece
ived
an
elig
ible
pro
posa
l.
Com
mun
ity In
form
atio
n Sy
stem
The
goal
of t
he C
omm
unity
Info
rmat
ion
Sys
tem
(CIS
), on
our
web
site
, is
to p
rovi
dea
mod
ern
oper
atio
nal t
ool f
or th
ose
dire
ctly
invo
lved
in re
spon
ding
to a
ccid
enta
l pol
-lu
tion.
Thi
s sy
stem
is c
ompo
sed
of a
Com
mun
ity h
ome
page
and
of N
atio
nal h
ome
page
s.
The
inte
rnet
si
te
(http
://eu
ropa
.eu.
int/c
omm
/env
ironm
ent/c
ivil/
mar
pol-
cis/
inde
x.ht
m) c
onta
ins
gene
ral b
ackg
roun
d in
form
atio
n at
Com
mun
ity le
vel o
n th
eC
omm
unity
hom
e pa
ge, a
nd in
form
atio
n re
late
d to
nat
iona
l int
erve
ntio
n re
sour
ces
on th
e N
atio
nal h
ome
page
s.E
ach
natio
nal h
ome
page
con
tain
s th
e C
ount
ry p
rofil
e w
ith th
e co
rres
pond
ing
orga
-ni
satio
n in
the
field
of r
espo
nse
to m
arin
e po
llutio
n, th
e lo
catio
n of
equ
ipm
ent f
orde
alin
g w
ith m
arin
e po
llutio
n, th
e in
vent
ory
of m
ain
mea
ns, a
nd o
ther
rele
vant
info
r-m
atio
n th
at is
intro
duce
d by
the
resp
onsi
ble
natio
nal a
utho
ritie
s.In
the
exis
ting
natio
nal h
ome
page
s, y
ou w
ill fi
nd a
spe
cial
sec
tion
for
the
anim
alw
elfa
re.
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:14 Pagina 11
28
Rol
e of
Eur
opea
n U
nion
Th
e E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
will
enc
oura
ge th
e M
embe
r Sta
tes
in d
evel
opin
g a
wild
-lif
e re
spon
se p
lan,
whi
ch s
houl
d be
par
t of e
ach
Nat
iona
l Con
tinge
ncy
Pla
n to
dea
lw
ith m
arin
e po
llutio
n em
erge
ncie
s at
sea
and
on
the
coas
t. Le
sson
s le
arnt
afte
rca
tast
roph
ic e
vent
s su
ch a
s E
rika
and
Pre
stig
e sh
ow u
s th
e re
leva
nt im
pact
on
the
mar
ine
wild
life.
For
thes
e re
ason
s, th
e E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
will
dev
elop
act
ions
,as
follo
ws:
• sup
porti
ng fu
rther
inte
grat
ion
of o
iled
wild
life
resp
onse
into
ove
rall
spill
resp
on-
se in
Eur
ope;
• enc
oura
ging
the
com
mun
icat
ion,
coo
rdin
atio
n, a
nd c
oope
ratio
n am
ong
inte
rna-
tiona
l org
anis
atio
ns to
sha
re in
form
atio
n an
d ex
perie
nces
in p
rovi
ding
ass
ista
n-ce
to o
iled
sea-
anim
als;
• pr
omot
ing
the
deve
lopm
ent
and
acce
ptan
ce o
f be
st p
ract
ices
in o
iled
wild
life
care
and
to d
evel
op a
com
mon
pro
toco
l for
the
resp
onse
;• s
uppo
rting
the
activ
ities
of t
he N
GO
s in
this
fiel
d.
Bef
ore
I con
clud
e m
y sh
ort p
rese
ntat
ion,
I w
ould
like
to u
nder
line
the
impo
rtant
role
of th
e gu
idel
ines
on
“Oile
d W
ildlif
e R
espo
nse
Pla
nnin
g” p
ublis
hed
by IP
IEG
A, w
hich
focu
s on
the
spec
ific
effe
cts
of o
il on
wild
life
and
on r
ehab
ilita
tion
of s
ea-a
nim
als
affe
cted
by
oil.
I thi
nk, i
t is
an u
sefu
l too
l for
oil
spill
man
ager
s an
d go
vern
men
tal
offic
ials
, w
hich
can
be
used
to
mak
e im
porta
nt d
ecis
ions
in t
he a
fterm
ath
of a
nse
rious
oil
spill
.
Than
k yo
u ve
ry m
uch
for y
our a
ttent
ion.
Mr.
John
Øst
erga
ard
Inte
rnat
iona
l Mar
itim
e O
rgan
izat
ion
Ladi
es a
nd G
entle
men
,
Firs
tly, I
wou
ld li
ke to
than
k yo
u fo
r the
ver
y w
arm
wel
com
e he
re to
Bal
brig
gan
and
to Ir
elan
d.S
econ
dly,
als
o a
war
m th
ank
you
for i
nviti
ng th
e In
tern
atio
nal M
ariti
me
Org
aniz
atio
nto
atte
nd th
is T
hird
Sea
Ala
rm C
onfe
renc
e on
resp
onse
to o
iled
wild
life.
Third
ly, o
n be
half
of M
r. E
fthim
ios
Mitr
opou
los,
the
Sec
reta
ry-G
ener
al o
f th
eIn
tern
atio
nal
Mar
itim
e O
rgan
izat
ion,
I a
m h
onou
red
to a
ccep
t th
is s
ampl
e of
“A
Gui
de to
Oile
d W
ildlif
e R
espo
nse
Pla
nnin
g”.
At t
he s
ame
time
it gi
ves
me
grea
t ple
asur
e to
con
grat
ulat
e IP
IEC
Aan
d in
par
ticu-
lar
Sea
Ala
rm F
ound
atio
n w
ith th
e pr
epar
atio
n of
this
exc
elle
nt a
nd w
ell-b
alan
ced
publ
icat
ion
that
pro
vide
s gu
idan
ce o
n on
e of
the
mos
t con
trove
rsia
l iss
ues
in c
on-
nect
ion
with
oil
spill
s at
sea
.IM
O h
as w
ith a
ppre
ciat
ion
note
d th
at th
is n
ew p
ublic
atio
n w
ill b
e di
strib
uted
as
ane
w “f
amily
mem
ber”
and
vol
ume
thirt
een
of th
e fa
mou
s IP
IEC
AR
epor
t Ser
ies
that
has
brou
ght
enlig
hten
men
t an
d kn
owle
dge
on o
il sp
ill c
ontin
genc
y pl
anni
ng a
ndre
late
d m
atte
rs to
a h
uge
num
ber o
f peo
ple
arou
nd th
e w
orld
.A
s yo
u al
l are
aw
are,
the
mot
to o
f IM
O is
Sec
ure
and
safe
r shi
ppin
g on
cle
aner
oce
-an
s. T
o th
at e
ffect
mor
e th
an 5
0 in
tern
atio
nal c
onve
ntio
ns, c
odes
and
regu
latio
nsha
ve b
een
deve
lope
d an
d im
plem
ente
d.
This
tre
men
dous
effo
rt by
the
IM
OM
embe
r S
tate
s ha
s re
sulte
d in
a s
tead
y re
duct
ion
of a
ll ki
nd o
f acc
iden
ts a
t sea
,w
hich
had
the
pote
ntia
l of c
reat
ing
seve
re o
il po
llutio
n.D
espi
te th
is s
tead
y re
duct
ion
in a
ccid
ents
at s
ea a
nd th
e co
nseq
uent
ial r
educ
tion
of o
ilsp
ills o
ver t
he la
st tw
o de
cade
s, o
il sp
ills s
till h
appe
n ar
ound
the
wor
ld a
nd u
nfor
tuna
te-
ly, re
gard
less
of t
heir
sour
ce o
r siz
e, it
is v
ery
likel
y th
at th
ere
will
be w
ildlife
cas
ualtie
s.In
cas
es o
f big
acc
iden
ts a
t sea
ther
e w
ill n
orm
ally
be
a w
arni
ng th
at w
ill p
rovi
de fo
rth
e ne
cess
ary
time
to a
llow
the
natio
nal r
espo
nsib
le a
utho
ritie
s to
pre
pare
for
the
rece
ptio
n an
d tre
atm
ent o
f oile
d w
ildlif
e.
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:15 Pagina 12
29
In c
ases
of o
pera
tiona
l or i
llega
l dis
char
ges,
ther
e m
ight
not
be
any
war
ning
at a
ll,th
e fir
st in
dica
tions
that
som
ethi
ng is
wro
ng b
eing
the
appe
aran
ce o
f oile
d w
ildlif
eca
sual
ties
on th
e be
ache
s or
the
obse
rvat
ion
of o
ily b
irds
at s
ea.
Whe
ther
the
num
bers
of o
iled
bird
s ar
e fe
w o
r co
unte
d in
tens
of t
hous
ands
, the
prob
lem
has
to b
e de
alt w
ith b
oth
from
a h
uman
itaria
n an
d a
cons
erva
tion
poin
t of
view
.A
ll w
ho h
ave
wat
ched
pro
gram
mes
or n
ews
on o
il sp
ills
at s
ea h
ave
note
d th
e sp
e-ci
al e
ffect
oile
d w
ildlif
e ha
s on
the
gene
ral p
opul
atio
n in
par
ticul
ar in
our
par
t of t
hew
orld
. M
ost p
eopl
e ge
t ver
y up
set a
nd th
e pi
ctur
e of
one
or o
f tho
usan
ds o
f oile
dw
ildlif
e ca
n m
obili
se a
lot o
f peo
ple
as in
divi
dual
s or
as
mem
bers
of v
ario
us g
roup
sw
ith a
n ag
enda
on
wild
life
or e
nviro
nmen
t pro
tect
ion.
Som
e of
thos
e in
divi
dual
s or
gro
ups
are
prep
ared
to a
ssis
t whi
le o
ther
s ju
st w
ant t
om
ake
a pr
otes
t aga
inst
the
trans
porta
tion
of o
il in
gen
eral
or t
o in
terfe
re w
ith th
e oi
lsp
ill r
espo
nse
effo
rt.
The
med
ia is
fully
aw
are
of th
e po
tent
ial o
f goo
d pi
ctur
es o
rvi
deo
clip
s of
oile
d w
ildlif
e an
d ve
ry o
ften
pays
a d
ispr
opor
tiona
te a
ttent
ion
to th
ew
ildlif
e pr
oble
m in
an
oil s
pill
inci
dent
.A
n im
porta
nt p
art o
f a n
atio
nal o
r lo
cal o
il sp
ill c
ontin
genc
y pl
an s
houl
d th
eref
ore
cove
r th
e re
spon
se to
oile
d w
ildlif
e an
d sh
ould
incl
ude
pre-
spill
def
ined
obj
ectiv
esth
at c
an b
e im
plem
ente
d on
ver
y sh
ort
notic
e in
a t
imel
y, h
uman
itaria
n, e
ffect
ive
and
effic
ient
man
ner.
M
ost n
atio
nal r
espo
nsib
le A
utho
ritie
s ha
ve n
ow a
ccep
ted
that
wild
life
resp
onse
pla
n-ni
ng s
houl
d be
an
inte
grat
ed p
art o
f oil
spill
cont
inge
ncy
plan
ning
as
it ot
herw
ise
will
be a
ver
y tim
e co
nsum
ing
issu
e to
dea
l with
dur
ing
the
resp
onse
to a
n oi
l spi
ll.
In t
his
rega
rd,
I am
ple
ased
to
info
rm t
hat
the
revi
sed
IMO
Mod
el C
ours
es o
nre
spon
se t
o oi
l spi
lls a
re n
ow in
clud
ing
a de
dica
ted
sess
ion
on w
ildlif
e re
spon
sepl
anni
ng.
In
the
earli
er I
MO
Mod
el c
ours
es,
wild
life
resp
onse
pla
nnin
g w
as i
nge
nera
l con
side
red
in c
onne
ctio
n w
ith b
each
cle
anin
g op
erat
ions
.U
nfor
tuna
tely,
I ha
ve to
adm
it, th
at th
ere
are
plac
es a
roun
d th
e w
orld
, whe
re th
eis
sue
of o
iled
wild
life
in c
onne
ctio
n w
ith a
maj
or o
il sp
ill is
giv
en le
ss a
ttent
ion
than
is t
he c
ase
here
in E
urop
e an
d of
cou
rse
from
an
IMO
poi
nt o
f vi
ew w
e ha
ve t
oba
lanc
e ou
r tra
inin
g ef
forts
to re
flect
the
natio
nal c
ircum
stan
ces.
How
ever
, as
Eur
ope
and
in p
artic
ular
Nor
thw
est E
urop
e in
mos
t cas
es re
late
d to
oil
spill
pre
pare
dnes
s, r
espo
nse
and
co-o
pera
tion
has
been
in
the
lead
and
has
dem
onst
rate
d to
the
rest
of t
he w
orld
how
to r
espo
nd to
all
kind
s an
d si
zes
of o
ilsp
ills,
I a
m c
onfid
ent
that
als
o th
e E
urop
ean
mod
el f
or r
espo
nse
to o
iled
wild
life
over
the
year
s w
ill b
ecom
e an
inte
rnat
iona
l sta
ndar
d.I w
ish
you
all a
suc
cess
ful c
onfe
renc
e an
d I h
ope
that
the
conc
lusi
ons
and
reco
m-
men
datio
ns o
f th
is C
onfe
renc
e w
ill f
acili
tate
and
pro
mot
e an
effe
ctiv
e an
d m
ore
hum
anita
rian
appr
oach
for t
he tr
eatm
ent o
f oile
d w
ildlif
e ar
ound
the
wor
ld.
Than
k yo
u
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:15 Pagina 13
Dr.
Tosh
Möl
ler
Man
agin
g D
irect
or o
f the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Ta
nker
Ow
ners
Pol
lutio
n Fe
dera
tion
Ltd
(ITO
PF)
Oile
d W
ildlif
e R
espo
nse
in E
urop
eC
hairm
an, L
adie
s an
d G
entle
men
, it i
s a
plea
sure
for m
e an
d an
hon
our f
or IT
OP
Fto
be
invi
ted
to g
ive
the
keyn
ote
addr
ess
at th
is, t
he T
hird
Sea
Ala
rm C
onfe
renc
e.W
e ha
ve fo
llow
ed th
e de
velo
pmen
t of S
ea A
larm
from
ear
ly s
teps
to th
e hi
gh le
vel
of c
ompe
tenc
e th
at th
e or
gani
satio
n of
this
inte
rnat
iona
l con
fere
nce
clea
rly d
emon
-st
rate
s.
In th
e co
urse
of a
ttend
ing
som
e 50
0 oi
l spi
lls in
90
coun
tries
in th
e la
st 3
0 ye
ars,
we
have
see
n m
any
exam
ples
of
how
oil
spill
s af
fect
wild
life.
Th
e pe
ople
and
grou
ps o
f pe
ople
eng
aged
in w
ildlif
e pr
otec
tion
and
reha
bilit
atio
n ar
e m
any
and
varie
d. A
t ITO
PF
we
have
reco
gnis
ed th
e va
lue
of S
ea A
larm
’s a
ppro
ach
of tr
ying
to c
o-or
dina
te a
nd in
tegr
ate
the
effo
rts o
f diff
eren
t gro
ups
and
we
are
plea
sed
toha
ve b
een
able
to p
artic
ipat
e in
this
end
eavo
ur b
y co
-spo
nsor
ing
the
conf
eren
ce.
This
Con
fere
nce
is a
bout
con
tinge
ncy
plan
ning
, a s
ubje
ct th
at is
cen
tral t
o th
e su
c-ce
ss o
r fa
ilure
of t
he r
espo
nse
to o
il sp
ills.
S
o, it
is n
o co
inci
denc
e th
at th
e pr
o-gr
amm
e lo
oks
fam
iliar
to th
ose
of u
s in
the
spill
resp
onse
com
mun
ity.
It al
so m
eans
that
ther
e is
a lo
t to
draw
upo
n in
term
s of
exp
erie
nce
accu
mul
ated
ove
r th
e la
stth
irty
year
s, a
nd m
uch
of i
t is
ver
y re
leva
nt t
o P
repa
redn
ess
for
Oile
d W
ildlif
eR
espo
nse
in E
urop
e, th
e th
eme
for
the
pres
enta
tions
and
our
dis
cuss
ions
dur
ing
the
next
thre
e da
ys.
Wild
life
will
be
at c
entre
sta
ge in
our
del
iber
atio
ns, a
nd le
t us
rem
embe
r tha
t it i
s no
tju
st a
sto
ry o
f doo
m a
nd g
loom
. A
s bi
olog
ists
, we
reco
gnis
e th
e in
nate
toug
hnes
sof
the
natu
ral w
orld
and
the
capa
city
for r
egen
erat
ion
and
reco
very
that
cha
ract
eri-
AN
NE
X 4
KE
YN
OTE
AD
RE
SS
ES
se li
ving
sys
tem
s. T
here
is e
very
reas
on to
be
optim
istic
if in
tere
sted
par
ties
com
-m
unic
ate
and
ackn
owle
dge
that
ther
e is
wor
k to
be
done
to s
afeg
uard
the
envi
ron-
men
t and
min
imis
e th
e ris
ks o
f oil
pollu
tion
and
its e
ffect
s.I w
ant t
o id
entif
y th
e fo
ur c
orne
rsto
nes
whi
ch u
nder
pin
this
Con
fere
nce:
the
risk
ofoi
l spi
lls; p
repa
redn
ess
for d
ealin
g w
ith o
iled
wild
life;
the
deve
lopm
ent a
nd m
aint
e-na
nce
of p
artn
ersh
ips;
and
see
ing
oile
d w
ildlif
e is
sues
in th
eir p
rope
r per
spec
tive.
In S
essi
on 1
we
will
be
look
ing
at s
ome
key
inci
dent
s, p
rinci
pally
in E
urop
e, to
set
the
scen
e an
d to
rem
ind
ours
elve
s of
the
issu
es to
be
addr
esse
d as
we
go th
roug
h.W
e ca
n se
e fro
m o
il sp
ill s
tatis
tics
com
pile
d by
ITO
PF
over
the
last
30-
odd
year
sth
at th
ere
is a
ver
y m
arke
d do
wnw
ard
trend
in th
e nu
mbe
r of m
ajor
oil
spill
s w
orld
-w
ide.
Tha
t tre
nd is
als
o ap
pare
nt w
hen
we
look
at t
he a
mou
nt o
f oile
d sp
illed
.
We
can
also
see
how
sig
nific
ant s
ome
key
inci
dent
s ar
e in
dom
inat
ing
the
data
set.
It on
ly ta
kes
one
maj
or in
cide
nt s
uch
as th
e Pr
estig
e, fo
r the
gra
ph to
sho
ot u
p. A
sw
e al
l kno
w th
ere
is a
cor
resp
ondi
ngly
dra
mat
ic r
eact
ion
from
the
med
ia a
nd th
epu
blic
. W
e ha
ve a
lso
lear
nt th
at e
ven
a sm
all s
pill
such
as
an il
lega
l dis
char
ge c
anca
use
havo
c fo
r sea
bird
s, a
s de
mon
stra
ted
from
tim
e to
tim
e in
Eur
opea
n w
ater
s.
It is
not
onl
y th
e nu
mbe
r of s
pills
and
the
amou
nt s
pille
d th
at m
atte
rs; t
here
is a
lso
the
type
of o
il to
con
side
r. T
he P
rest
ige
inci
dent
was
yet
ano
ther
exa
mpl
e de
mon
-st
ratin
g th
at h
eavy
fuel
oil
(HFO
) is
the
blac
kest
and
ugl
iest
of t
hem
all.
Pre
stig
ew
as c
arry
ing
HFO
exp
orte
d fro
m R
ussi
a, a
fact
that
is v
ery
sign
ifica
nt if
you
con
si-
der
the
trend
in
Eur
opea
n oi
l im
ports
. I
n th
e la
st d
ecad
e, E
urop
ean
crud
e oi
lim
ports
from
Rus
sia
have
dou
bled
eve
ry fi
ve y
ears
. O
ver t
he s
ame
perio
d im
ports
from
the
Mid
dle
Eas
t, A
frica
and
the
Am
eric
as h
ave
decl
ined
.Th
e ke
y oi
l tra
nspo
rtatio
n ro
utes
in E
urop
ean
wat
ers
whi
ch a
re e
xpan
ding
as
are
sult
of th
e in
crea
sed
tank
er tr
affic
from
Rus
sia
go p
ast N
orw
ay, a
nd th
roug
h th
eB
altic
Sea
and
the
Turk
ish
Stra
its.
In a
dditi
on, i
t is
antic
ipat
ed th
at s
igni
fican
t oil
expo
rts w
ill f
low
fro
m p
ipel
ine
term
inal
s in
Cey
han,
Tur
key
and
Om
isal
j, C
roat
ia,
ther
eby
alte
ring
oil t
rans
porta
tion
patte
rns
in th
e M
edite
rran
ean.
The
grou
ndin
g of
the
bul
k ca
rrie
r Jo
hn R
in t
he n
orth
ern
Nor
weg
ian
arch
ipel
ago
give
s an
idea
of h
ow s
erio
us a
maj
or o
il sp
ill w
ould
be
in a
sub
-arc
tic e
nviro
nmen
t.Th
e br
oken
coa
stlin
e is
dom
inat
ed b
y ro
ck, b
ould
ers
and
pebb
les,
the
mos
t diff
icul
tty
pe o
f sh
orel
ine
to c
lean
. A
s an
exa
mpl
e of
wild
life
sens
itivi
ties
in t
his
regi
on,
Nor
way
hos
ts 9
0% o
f th
e E
urop
ean
win
ter
popu
latio
n of
the
whi
te-b
illed
div
er(G
avia
ada
msi
i).
Prep
ared
ness
– w
hy is
it im
porta
nt?
Thi
s a
ques
tion
put t
o us
in S
essi
on 2
of t
heC
onfe
renc
e pr
ogra
mm
e. T
he w
ildlife
resp
onse
to th
e Tr
easu
re in
cide
nt in
Sou
thA
frica
in J
uly
2000
ser
ves
as a
goo
d ex
ampl
e of
wha
t can
be
achi
eved
by
coor
dina
ted
actio
n. A
tota
l of 2
8,50
0 pe
ngui
ns (S
peni
scus
dem
ersi
i) w
ere
hand
led
and
20,0
00
30
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:16 Pagina 14
31
oile
d bi
rds
wer
e ca
ptur
ed fo
r cle
anin
g. O
f the
se le
ss th
an 1
0% s
uccu
mbe
d w
hils
tth
e re
st w
ere
succ
essf
ully
reha
bilit
ated
. S
uch
succ
ess
does
not
com
e w
ithou
t goo
dor
gani
satio
n an
d pr
epar
edne
ss.
The
Inte
rnat
iona
l Con
vent
ion
on O
il P
ollu
tion
Pre
pare
dnes
s, R
espo
nse
& C
o-op
e-ra
tion
- O
PR
C 1
990
prov
ides
the
mod
el a
nd fr
amew
ork
for
adva
nce
and
deve
lop-
men
t in
the
field
of o
il sp
ill r
espo
nse.
It
enco
urag
es c
o-op
erat
ion
betw
een
gove
r-nm
ents
and
, mos
t sig
nific
antly
, bet
wee
n go
vern
men
ts a
nd in
dust
ry.
In a
dditi
on, w
eha
ve v
ario
us m
ultil
ater
al a
gree
men
ts b
etw
een
stat
es w
hich
are
of k
ey im
porta
nce
at a
regi
onal
leve
l.
In S
essi
on 3
, we
will
be
hear
ing
abou
t the
com
pens
atio
n sy
stem
in p
lace
for t
anke
rsp
ills.
The
Civ
il Li
abili
ty a
nd F
und
Con
vent
ions
pro
vide
a fr
amew
ork
for
fair
com
-pe
nsat
ion
in th
e ev
ent o
f oils
spi
lls fr
om ta
nker
s. R
ecen
t inc
iden
ts p
oint
the
way
for
ensu
ring
that
rea
sona
ble
wild
life
resp
onse
act
ivity
is in
clud
ed w
ithin
that
fram
ew-
ork.
Ses
sion
4 is
abo
ut n
etw
orki
ng, d
evel
opin
g an
d m
aint
aini
ng p
artn
ersh
ips.
Thi
s is
inm
any
way
s th
e m
ost i
mpo
rtant
issu
e. T
he p
rese
nce
here
to-d
ay o
f so
man
y of
the
wild
life
resp
onse
gro
ups
in E
urop
e re
flect
s th
e su
cces
sful
col
labo
ratio
n en
cour
aged
by S
ea A
larm
in re
cent
yea
rs.
The
chal
leng
e lie
s in
eng
agin
g th
e ac
tive
parti
cipa
-tio
n of
indu
stry
and
gov
ernm
ent i
n st
rivin
g fo
r bet
ter p
repa
redn
ess
for d
ealin
g w
ithoi
led
wild
life.
Und
erst
andi
ng e
nviro
nmen
tal p
roce
sses
is o
f vita
l im
porta
nce.
Thi
s ap
plie
s to
bot
hw
ildlif
e an
d oi
l. A
t ITO
PF,
we
ofte
n en
coun
ter i
gnor
ance
and
mis
conc
eptio
ns w
hich
lead
to
mis
take
s be
ing
mad
e an
d th
e w
aste
of
limite
d re
sour
ces.
Th
e U
nite
dN
atio
ns G
roup
of E
xper
ts o
n th
e S
cien
tific
Asp
ects
of M
arin
e P
ollu
tion
(GE
SA
MP
)ha
s id
entif
ied
the
25 m
ost s
igni
fican
t thr
eats
to th
e m
arin
e en
viro
nmen
t fro
m la
nd-
base
d ac
tivity
. O
il sp
ills
are
incl
uded
, but
in th
eir p
rope
r con
text
.
This
is n
ot to
say
that
the
ship
ping
and
oil
indu
stry
has
got
its
act t
oget
her,
nor a
mI
sayi
ng t
hat
thes
e in
dust
ries
affe
ct t
he m
arin
e en
viro
nmen
t on
ly b
y sp
illin
g oi
l.W
hat I
am
say
ing
- as
a m
arin
e bi
olog
ist -
is th
at o
il sp
ills
rece
ive
a de
gree
of p
ublic
and
polit
ical
atte
ntio
n ou
t of p
ropo
rtion
to th
e th
reat
that
they
pos
e to
the
mar
ine
envi
ronm
ent.
In c
oncl
usio
n, o
iled
wild
life
resp
onse
is u
nden
iabl
y a
soci
al a
nd a
pol
itica
l iss
ue, b
utw
e m
ust n
ever
lose
sig
ht o
f the
fact
that
it is
fund
amen
tally
a s
cien
ce-b
ased
sub
-je
ct a
nd th
ere
is a
nee
d to
tem
per
com
pass
ion
with
dis
pass
iona
te a
sses
smen
t, in
orde
r to
arriv
e at
opt
imum
sol
utio
ns.
Mr.
Han
s va
n R
ooij
Man
agin
g D
irect
or, S
MIT
Sal
vage
B.V
.Pr
esid
ent,
Inte
rnat
iona
l Sal
vage
Uni
on
Res
ourc
ing
prev
entio
n an
d cl
ean-
up:
getti
ng th
e ba
lanc
e rig
ht•
Spi
ll cl
ean-
up s
ucce
ss r
ates
are
low
yet
Coa
stal
Sta
tes
are
prep
ared
to
inve
sthe
avily
in p
ollu
tion
resp
onse
. In
cont
rast
, the
y ha
ve li
ttle
or n
o in
clin
atio
n to
inve
stin
spi
ll pr
even
tion
thro
ugh
salv
age,
des
pite
the
fact
that
sal
vors
, mor
e of
ten
than
not,
are
100
per c
ent s
ucce
ssfu
l in
prev
entin
g en
viro
nmen
tal d
amag
e.
• Ove
r the
pas
t dec
ade,
sal
vors
hav
e re
cove
red
over
11
mill
ion
tonn
es o
f pol
luta
nts
from
mor
e th
an 2
,000
cas
ualti
es. T
his
incl
udes
nea
rly n
ine
mill
ion
tonn
es o
f cru
deoi
l (th
e eq
uiva
lent
of o
ver 1
00 s
pills
of P
rest
ige
size
).•
The
Pres
tige
was
ref
used
a s
afe
have
n an
d la
ter
brok
e up
and
san
k. T
his
pollu
-tio
n ca
tast
roph
e w
ill c
ost a
t lea
st 1
.5 b
illio
n eu
ro a
nd, p
ossi
bly,
muc
h m
ore.
In c
on-
trast
, a
salv
age
oper
atio
n an
d cl
ean-
up a
nd c
ompe
nsat
ion
aris
ing
from
a m
ore
mod
est s
pill
at th
e pl
ace
of re
fuge
wou
ld h
ave
cost
no
mor
e th
an 5
0 m
illio
n eu
ro.
•In
the
USA
, OPA
90 sp
awne
d a
huge
clea
n-up
/resp
onse
indu
stry
, but
little
act
ion
was
take
nto
rein
forc
e sa
lvage
cov
er. T
he U
SAst
ill re
lies
on th
e av
aila
bility
of a
“tug
of o
ppor
tuni
ty”.
• In
Eur
ope,
man
y C
oast
al S
tate
s pr
efer
the
extra
sec
urity
of r
etai
ned
salva
ge s
ervic
es,
inclu
ding
the
stat
ioni
ng o
f larg
e Em
erge
ncy
Tow
ing
Vess
els
(ETV
s), a
t stra
tegi
c lo
catio
ns.
• The
re is
als
o a
grow
ing
appr
ecia
tion,
in g
over
nmen
tal c
ircle
s, o
f the
sig
nific
ance
of th
e sa
lvor
s’fro
nt li
ne ro
le in
pre
vent
ing
pollu
tion.
Unf
ortu
nate
ly, h
owev
er, t
here
are
sign
s th
at th
e ne
wly
-cre
ated
Eur
opea
n M
ariti
me
Saf
ety
Age
ncy
has
yet t
o ta
keth
is p
oint
on
boar
d. E
MS
Aap
pear
s m
ore
inte
rest
ed in
the
Am
eric
an a
ppro
ach:
all
reso
urce
s di
rect
ed a
t cle
an-u
p an
d lit
tle o
r not
hing
for s
alva
ge.
• It i
s vi
tal t
o ge
t the
bal
ance
righ
t. Pr
ovis
ion
mus
t be
mad
e fo
r cle
an-u
p, in
the
even
t of
an a
ccid
ent
and
spill.
At
the
sam
e tim
e, h
owev
er,
appr
opria
te p
rovi
sion
sho
uld
bem
ade
for s
alva
ge, t
o re
duce
the
chan
ce o
f a m
ajor
spi
ll whe
n m
arin
e ac
cide
nts
occu
r.•
With
out a
n ap
prop
riate
sha
re o
f ava
ilabl
e re
sour
ces,
the
cost
-effe
ctiv
e sp
ill p
re-
vent
ion
serv
ice
now
pro
vide
d by
sal
vors
will
det
erio
rate
. Thi
s im
plie
s an
incr
ease
in th
e nu
mbe
r of s
igni
fican
t spi
lls a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d co
sts.
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:16 Pagina 15
32
Ms.
Sop
hie
Le D
réan
-Qué
-nec
’hdu
(1),
Anne
-Lau
re D
ugué
(2),
Emm
a-nu
el R
isi (
1),N
adin
e Ri
gaud
eau
(2)
(1) C
entr
e de
Soi
ns d
e la
Fau
ne S
auva
ge,
Ecol
e N
atio
nale
Vét
érin
aire
de
Nan
tes
(2) L
igue
pou
r la
Pro
tect
ion
des
Ois
eaux
The
resp
onse
to o
iled
bird
s in
the
afte
rmat
h of
the
Erik
aw
reck
ing
The
Erika
tank
er w
as w
reck
ed o
n 12
th D
ecem
ber 1
999,
70
km fr
om th
e So
uth
Fini
ster
reco
ast (
Brita
nny,
Fran
ce) w
ith h
eavy
fuel
oil
on b
oard
. Ten
thou
sand
tonn
es o
f oil
spilt
inth
e At
lant
ic O
cean
and
ove
r 400
km
of c
oast
wer
e af
fect
ed. T
he fi
rst o
iled
bird
was
foun
don
14t
h D
ecem
ber,
by w
hich
tim
e fo
ur w
ildlif
e ce
ntre
s w
ere
alre
ady
wor
king
on
the
Atla
ntic
coas
t, tw
o sp
ecia
lisin
gin
oile
d bi
rd re
scue
(Allo
uville
Bel
lefo
sse
Cen
tre a
nd L
’Ile
Gra
nde
Cen
tre).
In o
rder
to tr
eat t
he E
rika
oile
d bi
rds,
the
othe
r res
cue
cent
res
(Vet
erin
ary
Scho
olof
Nan
tes
and
Lorie
nt C
entre
) had
to c
onve
rt th
eir f
acilit
ies
and
to o
rgan
ise
the
man
age-
men
t of t
hous
ands
of b
irds.
Som
e ot
her r
escu
e ce
ntre
s ha
d to
be
set u
p qu
ickl
y to
rece
i-ve
the
oile
d bi
rds.
Mor
e th
an 6
6,30
0 in
divi
dual
s w
ere
colle
cted
into
thes
e ce
ntre
s, 3
3,40
0of
whi
ch w
here
aliv
e. O
nly
6% o
f the
m w
ere
rele
ased
afte
r tre
atm
ent.
The
first
oile
d bi
rds
wer
e br
ough
t to
the
Ligu
e po
ur la
Pro
tect
ion
des
Ois
eaux
(LPO
) bird
resc
ue c
entre
of L
’Ile
Gra
nde.
Thi
s or
gani
satio
n be
gan
to li
st th
e bi
rd in
take
s. G
iven
the
exte
nt o
f the
dam
age
and
the
impo
rtant
influ
x of
bird
s, a
”fau
na p
lan”
was
pro
pose
d by
the
natio
nal L
PO, a
fter a
mee
ting
on 1
7th
Dec
embe
r. Th
is p
lan
was
then
pre
sent
ed to
,an
d ac
cept
ed b
y, th
e M
inis
try o
f Env
ironm
ent a
t the
end
of D
ecem
ber.
The
plan
list
edth
e di
ffere
nt o
iled
bird
trea
tmen
t pro
toco
ls a
vaila
ble
and
the
bird
mov
emen
ts in
the
dif-
fere
nt re
scue
cen
tres.
Eve
ry d
ay, t
he n
umbe
r of d
ead,
aliv
e an
d re
leas
ed b
irds
wer
e lis
-te
d an
d se
nt b
etw
een
the
diffe
rent
resc
ue c
entre
s.
Giv
en th
e ex
tent
of t
he p
ollu
tion,
man
y te
mpo
rary
wild
life
faci
litie
s w
ere
built
: res
cue
cent
res,
tran
sit c
entre
s, m
edic
al tr
ansi
t cen
tres,
clo
se to
the
colle
ctio
n po
ints
. As
a re
sult
of th
e gr
eat n
umbe
r of t
empo
rary
faci
litie
s, a
firs
t tria
ge w
as a
llow
ed. H
owev
er, o
iled
bird
trans
port
and
com
mun
icat
ion
betw
een
faci
litie
s be
cam
e di
fficu
lt be
caus
e of
the
anar
-
AN
NE
X 5
RE
CE
NT
INC
IDE
NTS
chic
al d
evel
opm
ent o
f res
pond
er fa
cilit
ies
and
orga
nisa
tions
. Ano
ther
pro
blem
was
the
avai
labi
lity
of re
leva
nt p
eopl
e ca
pabl
e of
and
ent
itled
to m
anag
e w
ildlif
e ce
ntre
s. M
edia
man
agem
ent c
hang
ed w
ith th
e ex
tent
of t
he c
risis
. The
n, tr
eatm
ent a
nd r
ehab
ilitat
ion
prot
ocol
s im
prov
ed q
uick
ly, th
anks
to p
eopl
e’s
expe
rienc
e an
d re
latio
ns b
etw
een
Fren
chan
d th
e nu
mer
ous
fore
ign
vete
rinar
ians
and
resp
onde
rs.
From
a fi
nanc
ial p
oint
of v
iew,
Fra
nce
has
a pl
an o
f act
ion
calle
d th
e PO
MAR
PLA
N.
Than
ks to
this
, in
case
of o
il sp
ills, t
he S
tate
is a
ble
to s
uppo
rt th
e fin
anci
al c
osts
of t
hepo
llutio
n da
mag
e. A
ctua
lly, p
ublic
fina
ncin
g w
as g
iven
at t
he e
nd o
f Dec
embe
r and
50%
of th
e ex
pens
es w
ere
paid
bac
k on
e ye
ar la
ter.
Priv
ate
finan
cial
sup
port
was
rece
ived
from
TO
TAL
and
othe
r don
atio
ns. A
t the
beg
inni
ng o
f Jan
uary
, wild
life
resp
onde
rs w
ere
empl
oyed
tha
nks
to p
ublic
fin
anci
al s
uppo
rts.
The
finan
cial
am
ount
was
diff
eren
tbe
twee
n ad
min
istra
tive
area
s an
d fa
cilit
ies.
Mor
eove
r, lit
tle a
ssoc
iatio
ns, i
ndep
ende
nt fr
om la
rge
orga
nisa
tions
, had
ser
ious
fina
n-ci
al d
iffic
ultie
s an
d ha
d to
rece
ive
adva
nces
of m
oney
. Afte
r thi
s di
sast
er, f
unds
(1,5
mil-
lion
euro
s) w
ere
give
n to
impr
ove
and
crea
te w
ildlif
e ce
ntre
s.
Afte
r the
cris
is, m
any
mee
tings
wer
e or
gani
sed.
Bird
s in
take
s an
d re
leas
es w
ere
liste
d,a
guid
e to
oile
d w
ildlif
e re
spon
se p
lann
ing
and
wild
life
cent
re c
reat
ion
writ
ten.
Emer
genc
y fa
cilit
ies
wer
e cr
eate
d: o
ne b
y th
e LP
O, o
ne b
y Br
etag
ne V
ivan
te, a
nd o
neby
the
Fast
Oil
Spill
Team
(FO
ST).
Wild
life
Vet N
etw
orks
are
bei
ng s
et u
p in
man
y ad
mi-
nist
rativ
e ar
eas
in F
ranc
e.
The
com
pile
rs o
f PO
LMAR
pla
ns a
re n
ow in
stru
cted
to in
clude
wild
life fa
una.
The
refo
re,
the
Stat
e is
now
muc
h m
ore
impl
icate
d in
the
wild
life re
scue
in c
ase
of a
ccid
enta
l pol
lutio
n.
Fina
lly, t
he E
rika
wre
ck le
d to
the
treat
men
t and
rele
ase
of o
iled
bird
s. D
espi
te th
e lo
wnu
mbe
r of
rel
ease
s, s
ome
wer
e st
ill al
ive
som
e th
ree
year
s la
ter.
This
oil
spill
mad
epe
ople
con
scio
us o
f w
ildlif
e pr
oble
ms
and
of t
he w
ork
of w
ildlif
e fa
cilit
ies.
Agr
eat
resp
onse
occ
urre
d: a
lot o
f vol
unte
ers
turn
ed u
p to
cle
an th
e be
ache
s an
d to
take
car
eof
oile
d bi
rds,
a lo
t of o
rgan
isat
ions
hel
ped
man
age
the
cris
is, w
hile
man
y fir
ms
read
ilyga
ve s
peci
al e
quip
men
t. Fi
nanc
ial s
uppo
rt w
as m
ade
avai
labl
e to
mak
e sc
ient
ific
stu-
dies
on
the
effe
cts
of c
hron
ic a
nd a
cute
oilin
g on
wild
life.
Exc
hang
es b
etw
een
Fren
chan
d fo
reig
n or
gani
satio
ns, u
nive
rsiti
es, r
esea
rche
rs a
nd re
spon
ders
occ
urre
d, in
ord
erto
impr
ove
the
man
agem
ent o
f oile
d w
ildlif
e.
How
ever
, in
such
cas
es, i
t see
ms
to b
e ne
cess
ary
to im
prov
e co
ordi
natio
n be
twee
nw
ildlif
e ce
ntre
s, (
plac
es a
vaila
ble,
trea
tmen
t pro
toco
ls),
betw
een
colle
ctio
n po
ints
and
wild
life
cent
res
(info
rmat
ion
feed
-bac
k) a
nd b
etw
een
the
natio
nal r
espo
nse
and
wild
life
cent
res
(info
rmat
ion
feed
-bac
k). T
he e
quip
men
t at w
ildlif
e ce
ntre
s ha
s to
be
impr
oved
,te
achi
ng h
as to
be
carri
ed o
n an
d im
prov
ed w
ith tr
aini
ng. S
cien
tific
stu
dies
on
the
effe
cts
of o
il on
wild
life
have
to b
e m
anag
ed. F
inal
ly, in
ord
er to
impr
ove
the
man
agem
ent o
foi
led
bird
s, it
is n
eces
sary
to w
ork
on tr
iage
crit
eria
, acc
epte
d by
all
resp
onde
rs.
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:17 Pagina 16
33
Mr.
Ant
onio
San
dova
l
Terr
anov
a
The
Pres
tige
oil s
pill
in G
alic
iaO
ver t
he p
ast 5
0 ye
ars,
11
serio
us o
il sp
ills
have
take
n pl
ace
in G
alic
ia (N
W S
pain
),th
e m
ost
impo
rtant
one
s -
as r
egar
ds v
olum
e sp
illed
- in
clud
e: P
olyc
omm
ande
r,19
70; U
rqui
ola,
197
6; A
ndro
s Pa
tria,
197
8;Ae
gean
Sea
, 199
2, P
rest
ige,
200
2.
On
13th
Nov
embe
r, 20
02,
the
oil t
anke
r Pr
estig
e, w
ith 7
7,00
0 to
nnes
of
fuel
on
boar
d, b
roke
dow
n of
f the
Gal
icia
n co
ast.
Six
day
s la
ter i
t spl
it in
two
som
e 20
0 ki
lo-
met
res
sout
h w
est A
Cor
uña.
Oil
bega
n to
esc
ape
imm
edia
tely,
and
ove
r the
follo
-w
ing
mon
ths
seve
rely
affe
cted
the
coas
tline
bet
wee
n N
orth
Por
tuga
l and
Fra
nce,
espe
cial
ly G
alic
ia’s
wes
tern
coa
st.
Dur
ing
the
first
wee
k of
the
cris
is,
the
Xun
ta d
e G
alic
ia (
Gal
icia
’s R
egio
nal
Gov
ernm
ent),
the
Spa
nish
Gov
ernm
ent,
loca
l, re
gion
al a
nd n
atio
nal n
atur
e or
gani
-sa
tions
(S
EO
/Bird
Life
, W
WF
and
othe
rs)
and
univ
ersi
ties
(AC
oruñ
a’s
Sci
ence
Facu
lty a
nd o
ther
s) i
mpl
emen
ted
a co
ordi
nate
d re
spon
se t
o co
llect
oil-
cove
red
faun
a on
the
coas
t and
take
it to
reha
bilit
atio
n ce
ntre
s. L
ivin
g sp
ecim
ens
wer
e th
entre
ated
, w
hile
dea
d sp
ecim
ens
wer
e su
bjec
t to
pos
t m
orte
m a
naly
sis.
Num
erou
sin
tern
atio
nal
inst
itutio
ns (
Sea
Ala
rm,
IFAW
and
oth
ers)
coo
pera
ted
activ
ely,
with
hum
an a
nd m
ater
ial r
esou
rces
, and
col
labo
rate
d cl
osel
y w
ith lo
cal o
rgan
isat
ions
.S
ubse
quen
tly, d
ue to
the
exte
nsio
n of
the
oil s
lick,
sim
ilar r
espo
nses
wer
e in
itiat
ed,
on th
e pa
rt of
thes
e an
d ot
her
grou
ps, i
n di
ffere
nt S
pani
sh r
egio
ns, a
s w
ell a
s in
Por
tuga
l and
Fra
nce
(See
Gar
cía
et a
l., 2
003
for m
ore
deta
ils).
From
16t
h N
ovem
ber,
2002
to
31st
Aug
ust,
2003
a t
otal
of
23,1
81 b
irds
(6,1
21al
ive)
, of 9
0 sp
ecie
s, w
ere
colle
cted
on
the
Por
tugu
ese,
Spa
nish
and
Fre
nch
coas
t-lin
es (G
arcí
a et
al.,
200
3). M
ore
than
50%
wer
e fo
und
in G
alic
ia. T
he m
ost a
ffect
ed
spec
ies
wer
e th
e co
mm
on g
uille
mot
(U
ria a
alge
) (5
1% o
f the
tota
l), r
azor
bill
(Alc
ato
rda)
(17%
) and
puf
fin (F
rate
rcul
a ar
ctic
a) (1
7%).
Ato
tal o
f 566
bird
s, 3
01 o
f whi
chw
ere
orig
inal
ly f
ound
in G
alic
ia,
wer
e re
leas
ed a
long
Spa
in’s
Can
tabr
ian-
Atla
ntic
coas
tline
afte
r be
ing
reha
bilit
ated
. R
eal
bird
mor
ality
was
est
imat
ed a
t be
twee
n11
5,00
0 an
d 25
0,00
0 (G
arcí
a et
al.,
200
3; A
rcos
et a
l., 2
004)
.
In 2
003,
the
Xun
ta d
e G
alic
ia a
ppro
ved
a “A
Bas
ic C
ontin
genc
y P
lan
for
Mar
ine
Con
tam
inat
ion”
, w
hich
res
ulte
d in
the
rec
ent
“Firs
t C
ontin
genc
y P
lan
for
Mar
ine
Con
tam
inat
ion
in G
alic
ian
Ria
s”. A
“Con
tinge
ncy
Pla
n fo
r Oil
Slic
ks A
ffect
ing
Mar
ine
Faun
a an
d P
rote
cted
Nat
ure
Res
erve
s” i
s cu
rren
tly b
eing
pre
pare
d, w
hile
wild
faun
a re
habi
litat
ion
cent
res
are
bein
g re
mod
elle
d.
Ref
eren
ces
Gar
cía
L.,
Viad
a C
., M
oren
o-O
po R
., C
arbo
nera
s C
., A
lcal
de A
. &
Gon
zále
z F.
2003
. Im
pact
of P
rest
ige
oil s
lick
on s
eabi
rds.
SE
O/B
irdLi
fe, M
adrid
.A
rcos
J.M
., Á
lvar
ez D
., Le
yend
a P.
, Mun
illa
I., V
elan
do A
. 200
4. S
eabi
rd m
orta
lity
caus
ed b
y th
e Pr
estig
eoi
l spi
ll: p
relim
inar
y in
sigh
t fro
m a
drif
t blo
cks
expe
rimen
t.P
oste
r pre
sent
ed a
t the
8th
Sea
bird
Gro
up M
eetin
g, A
berd
een,
Apr
il 2n
d-4t
h, 2
004.
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:17 Pagina 17
34
Mr.
Cla
ude
Velte
rNa
ture
Div
isio
n of
the
Flem
ish
Gov
ernm
ent
Wild
life
Reha
bilit
atio
n Ce
ntre
in O
sten
d
The
Tric
olor
inci
dent
in B
elgi
um
The
Tric
olor
, a c
ar c
arrie
r not
a ta
nker
, was
wre
cked
in D
ecem
ber 2
002
afte
r col
li-si
on in
one
of t
he b
usie
st s
hipp
ing
rout
es o
f the
Sou
ther
n N
orth
Sea
and
blo
cked
the
sea
lane
for
seve
ral m
onth
s. T
owar
ds th
e en
d Ja
nuar
y 20
03, o
ne o
f the
shi
psac
tive
in t
he s
alva
ge o
pera
tions
acc
iden
tally
col
lided
with
the
ves
sel,
caus
ing
ava
lve
to b
reak
and
ca.
170
tonn
es o
f fue
l esc
aped
from
the
ship
,. Th
e sp
ill o
ccur
-re
d at
a ti
me
whe
n th
e hi
ghes
t sea
sona
l con
cent
ratio
n of
sea
bird
s w
ere
win
terin
gof
f the
Bel
gian
Coa
st. A
lthou
gh th
e co
ast i
s on
ly 6
0 km
long
, in
the
thre
e w
eeks
fol-
low
ing
the
inci
dent
, ove
r 10,
000
oile
d bi
rds
wer
e co
llect
ed, o
f whi
ch c
a. 4
6% w
ere
aliv
e. A
n es
timat
ed 1
% o
f the
bio
-geo
grap
hic
popu
latio
n of
com
mon
gui
llem
ot (U
riaaa
lge)
and
razo
rbill
(Alc
a to
rda)
die
d as
a re
sult
of in
cide
nt.
The
follo
win
g da
ta c
hara
cter
ise
the
resp
onse
:• T
he c
ity o
f Ost
end
and
mili
tary
forc
es p
rovi
ded
acco
mm
odat
ion
for b
uild
ing
tem
-po
rary
wild
life
resp
onse
faci
litie
s.•T
he N
atur
e D
ivis
ion
of th
e Fl
emis
h G
over
nmen
t im
med
iate
ly to
ok th
e l
ead
in th
eco
ordi
natio
n of
the
oile
d w
ildlif
e re
spon
se,
and
appo
inte
d m
e t
o su
perv
ise
the
oper
atio
n an
d pr
ovid
ed a
con
side
rabl
e em
erge
ncy
bud
ge
t to
mee
t the
cos
t of
the
oper
atio
ns.
• The
“Civ
il P
rote
ctio
n S
ervi
ce” p
rovi
ded
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce.
• W
ell-c
oord
inat
ed a
ctio
ns b
y th
e fir
e de
partm
ents
and
pol
ice
assi
sted
to
colle
ctde
ad a
nd li
ve b
irds
from
the
beac
hes.
• Bird
Pro
tect
ion
Flan
ders
took
resp
onsi
bilit
y fo
r the
fina
ncia
l adm
inis
tratio
n.• S
ea-A
larm
ass
iste
d w
ith in
volv
ing
othe
r reh
abilit
atio
n ce
ntre
s in
Eur
ope.
• S
cien
tists
took
car
e of
the
impa
ct a
sses
smen
t fro
m d
ay o
ne (
sele
ctio
ns b
y ve
ts,
coun
ting
of n
umbe
rs, s
peci
es a
nd re
gist
ratio
n of
loca
tions
).• B
ird c
asua
lties
cam
e in
by
high
dai
ly n
umbe
rs (1
,900
in fi
rst 3
day
s!),
quic
kly
over
-w
helm
ing
loca
l res
ourc
es (N
B: t
he O
sten
d R
ehab
ilita
tion
Cen
tre n
orm
ally
adm
itsbe
twee
n 1,
500
and
2,00
0 an
imal
s pe
r yea
r; 20
0 to
500
of t
hem
bei
ng o
iled)
.•
Too
few
exp
erie
nced
sta
ff m
embe
rs a
nd la
rge
num
bers
of i
nexp
erie
nced
vol
un-
teer
s ha
d to
dea
l with
the
resp
onse
.•T
he re
spon
se s
aw m
any
tech
nica
l pro
blem
s (o
ld b
uild
ing,
no
hot w
ater
, no
pool
s)w
hich
pre
-ve
nted
opt
imal
car
e to
the
oile
d bi
rds
in th
e re
habi
litatio
n ce
ntre
.
Beca
use
of th
e lim
ited
reso
urce
s, th
e ov
erw
helm
ing
num
ber o
f bird
cas
ualtie
s, a
nd “b
adlu
ck” i
n te
rms
of te
chni
cal p
robl
ems,
onl
y 13
% o
f the
live
cas
ualtie
s co
uld
be re
leas
edaf
ter s
ucce
ssfu
l reh
abilit
atio
n. H
owev
er, t
he re
spon
se w
as s
ucce
ssfu
l look
ing
at a
num
-be
r of o
ther
crit
eria
and
exp
erie
nces
:
• Ago
od te
am a
nd p
erso
nal c
onta
cts
• E
xper
ienc
ed s
taff
from
oth
er B
elgi
an r
ehab
ilita
tion
cent
res
to c
oord
inat
e th
e vo
l-un
teer
s• C
olle
gial
ity fr
om te
ams
from
RS
PC
A, Ö
lvog
elhi
lfe, P
roje
ct B
lueS
ea
• Per
man
ent g
roup
of v
ets
and
stud
ents
from
the
univ
ersi
ty o
f Liè
ge• A
ssis
tanc
e fro
m re
habi
litat
ion
cent
res
in B
elgi
um, H
olla
nd a
nd th
e U
K• E
xcel
lent
coo
pera
tion
in b
etw
een
all t
he in
volv
ed B
elgi
an in
stitu
tions
On
the
initia
tive
of th
e N
atur
e D
ivis
ion
of th
e Fl
emis
h G
over
nmen
t, th
e Tr
icol
or re
spon
-se
was
eva
luat
ed w
ithin
the
year
and
led
to th
e m
ount
ing
of a
nat
iona
l oile
d w
ildlife
resp
onse
pla
n (s
ee p
aper
by
Kath
y Be
lpae
me,
this
vol
ume)
. The
exp
erie
nces
hav
e al
sobo
oste
d th
e pl
ans
for a
new
reha
bilita
tion
cent
re to
be
built
in O
sten
d. A
noth
er s
pin-
off
from
the
resp
onse
has
bee
n th
e si
gnific
antly
impr
oved
ski
lls o
f loc
al s
taff
in d
ealin
g w
ithoi
led
bird
s. C
onta
cts
with
inte
rnat
iona
l exp
ertis
e gr
oups
hav
e be
en s
et u
p an
d al
read
yle
d to
incr
ease
d ex
chan
ge o
f kno
w-h
ow a
nd re
sear
ch in
to b
est p
ract
ices
.
opmaakannex bis 10-05-2005 11:18 Pagina 18
35
Mr. Jan Åke HillarpSwedish Wildlife Rehabilitators Association(KFV:s Riksförbund)Sea Alarm FoundationSwedish Federation for Animal Welfare(Djurskyddet Sverige)
The Fu shan Hai accident in June 2003
On 31st May, 2003, in bright daylight the container carrier Gdynia collided with thecargo vessel Fu Shan Hai north of the Danish island of Bornholm. Eight hours laterthe latter vessel of 72,000 dwt, sank in water 65 metres deep. On board were 1,680tonnes of bunker oil, 110 tonnes of diesel and 55 tonnes of lubricating oil. Her cargowas 66,000 tons of fertilizers. She began to spill oil immediately. By 1st June, theCommunes and Rescue Services were alerted and measures were taken to meeta spill on the coast.
In Sweden, the Coast Guard has the responsibility to meet and fight pollution atsea. They have 30 cutters (12 always at sea), 60 smaller boats and three aircraft(CASA 212). Booms, skimmers and 15 sea-trailers each with 500 metre booms areother parts of their oil pollution response equipment. No chemicals are used. TheCoast Guard is setting up an operational staff according to the contingency plans.Their objectives are:
1. Stop pollution and prevent oil spreading.2. Recover oil at sea before it reaches the shore.3. Oil response is based on mechanical methods.4. If oil is reaching shores protect sensitive areas with booms and beach tarpaulins.
The spill happened in the Baltic, which has different properties to other Europeanwaters. The sea is relatively shallow, brackish (salinity 2 % to 13 %) and the watercold. Bacterial break down of the oil is very slow as is evaporation.
The spill hit the shore on the 3rd June and the local Rescue Service together withmilitary units started the cleaning of the beaches. The pollution was fought at seaby four Swedish, two Danish and one German Coast Guard vessels. Seven hund-red and fifty people volunteered, of which 600 helped with the clean up. These weretrained and equipped before they were allowed to act.
By the 5th June, 600 – 700 birds had been oiled, of which 300 were mute swans(Cygnus olor). Private actions to catch the birds begun and ten swans were caught.On the 6th some birds were shot in the morning and this, together with the too acti-ve efforts to catch the oiled individuals, caused them to become scattered themover almost 200 km of the coast (NB: the oil polluted only 30 km). Because of this,KFV:s Riksförbund (Swedish Wildlife Rehabilitators Association) contacted theRescue Leader (the local groups were alerted on the 3rd) to facilitate the co-ope-ration between the local groups and the Rescue Leader and to stop the use of shotguns as they were too noisy.
The Swedish Wildlife Rehabilitators Association consists of 21 local, mainly coas-tal, organisations and as many First Aiders. The latter, however, have no rehabilita-tion facilities. All rehabilitation centres in Sweden are small and generally take lessthan 200 patients per year. Every centre has a rehabilitator with national permits tohandle birds, hedgehog, hares and squirrel. A veterinarian advises every centre. Allwork, even veterinarian, is voluntary.
The oil disappeared during the night and showed up in new areas in the daytimeand by the 8th a total of 60 kilometres of the coast has been polluted though someparts have been cleaned for the second time. By the 12th communal personnel tookover and the work at sea ended. One thousand cubic metres of oil (no water orsand) had been recovered by the joint efforts of the Coast Guards and the RescueServices, but 600 cubic metres remained in the wreck and 200 cubic metres can-not be accounted for as it may have sunk, drifted away or evaporated.
One thousand two hundred tonnes is not much for a spill globally, but in the Baltic itis ranked as one of the ten worst, the worst being 16,000 tonnes in 1981. About2,000 tonnes annually comes from accidents at sea in the Baltic. Another 5,000 ton-nes come from deliberate spills at sea. Together this is approximately 10%of the totalyearly pollution to the Baltic, of which rivers yield 45,000 tons. The Swedish CoastGuard registers 200 – 300 oil spills annually. The top year was 1995 with 482 spills.One hundred million tonnes of oil is freighted annually through the Baltic, and this isexpected to increase by 300% by 2017. The amount of oil in the water is three timesgreater than in the Atlantic. At this moment 2,000 ships are sailing the Baltic, of these160 are tankers, some in a very poor condition. Despite this, there are, in fact, rela-tively few accidents, but about 200,000 long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) (about
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:18 Pagina 19
36
10% of the total Baltic wintering population) die from chronic oil spills every year.No estimates are made for other species.
Altogether 67 birds were taken into care, mainly mute swans and eider duck(Somateria mollissima). 42 birds were released after treatment, the last one on28thJune. The remainder died or were euthanised. Less than 100 birds were founddead and 20 shot in Sweden.
We were extremely lucky as the incident occurred at the beginning of the breedingseason, most shores were exposed sandy beaches with few birds and the oil justtouched the coast where most birds would have been found. The swans were ontheir way to their moulting areas and were, in most cases, not heavily oiled, so theycould go through the moult without too many problems in the warm weather andwater.The problem was the diving species like eider ducks and auks. Most were oiled on,or around, the island of Bornholm and ca. 15% of the razorbills (Alca torda) and guil-lemots (Uria aagle) and 5% of the eider ducks died. One hundred and twenty wereshot and altogether 1,000-1,500 birds died around the island as a result of the spill.In Denmark no birds were cleaned.
Lessons learnt:1. Oiled shores should be closed for the public.2. Only skilled persons should be allowed to catch birds.3. The oiled wildlife response should be controlled by the Rescue Leader.4. 0.22 calibre rifle should be used for oiled birds. It is not so noisy and has longer
range than a shotgun.5. We should have been better organised regionally.6. Oiled eider ducklings can be saved.7. The Internet is a good way to keep everybody informed.
Mr. Paul KelwayEmergency Relief Manager – IFAWOiled Wildlife Division
Rocknes Spill Oilded Wildlife Response: A Case Study
The Rocknes bulk carrier capsized on 19th January, 2004 resulting in the tragicdeath of over 18 crewmembers. An additional consequence of the accident was theleaking of approximately 450 tonnes of fuel oil into the fjords near Bergen, Norwaywith common eiders (Somateria mollissima) as the species predominantly affected.
IFAW became involved in the incident when a coalition of wildlife groups and inte-rested parties contacted them for support. This included an animal rights group,Noah, an environmental consultancy, NNI and a local veterinarian.
An oiled wildlife response of this kind had not been attempted in Norway before andthe current government policy had been to deploy trained hunters to shoot affectedanimals. The Coalition called ‘Action Clean Bird’ set up meetings with theNorwegian Coastal Administration and local authorities and were given permissionto mount a response but asked to consult with international expertise. IFAW deci-ded to support the operation to help maximise the chances of success, provide bestachievable care to the animals and ensure that this response could be used as apositive case study to inform discussions about wildlife response in the future.
Working outside the official response to the incident the wildlife response faced anumber of challenges, in particular in regard to having sufficient resources availa-ble. Boats had to be hired for search and collection of animals from the water. Thistook time to organise. The facility also needed to be adapted to provide reliable hotwater and much of the equipment required had to be constructed from local mate-rials.
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:18 Pagina 20
37
Despite the lack of support from the authorities, community support was very strongand a great deal of equipment was donated free or discounted. However, this meantthat we could not always obtain supplies as quickly as we would have liked.
Proven rehabilitation protocols were implemented to ensure best achievable carefor the animals. All birds were banded and in total over 60% of the 131 birds treatedwere released, a significant achievement considering the challenges that had beenfaced. These included eider ducks as well as gulls (Larus spp.) and mallards (Anasplatyrhynchos). Some follow up studies are now under way to monitor the gulls.This is being partly funded by the authorities and conducted by NNI.
Although we were able to achieve some success, the response was hugely impac-ted by the lack of government support and the absence of a response plan. Thiswould have included the pre-identification of vital equipment and helped to ensurean immediate response. However, IFAW is aware of the current approach to thisissue by the authorities and so was extremely grateful for the opportunity to beinvolved. Hopefully this example will act as a positive case study that will encoura-ge further consideration of oiled wildlife response in the future. This could prove vitalif an incident were to occur in northern Norway where world populations of endan-gered Stellar’s eiders (Polysticta stelleri) are found.
Mr. Sascha Regmann
Project Blue Sea e.V., Gemany
Mystery oil spill - Germany 2004
• The first dead oiled sea ducks were reported on 5th February 2004 from the NorthSea coast of Schleswig-Holstein.
• After 7th February rescued birds were able to be cared for.• A total of over 3,000 affected seabirds were counted. • Common scoters (Melanitta nigra) in their winter quarters were mainly affected. • 338 birds (329 common scoter, 7 common eider (Somateria mollissima), 1 velvet
scoter (Melanitta fusca), 1 common guillemot (Uria aagle) were rescued alive anddealt with in the Rehabilitation Station of the Westküstenpark St. Peter-Ording andin the Dutch bird rescue centre “De Fûgelpits” .
• Examination of the oil samples taken from the plumage identified fuel oil and someengine oil which had been illegally jettisoned in the North Sea.
• The perpetrator of this pollution is still unknown.• A great gulf is obvious between those supporting rehabilitation and those opposing
the practice. • Hunters and community service workers were instructed to kill the oiled birds. • After successful rehabilitation a total of 271 birds (266 common scoter, 4 common
eider, 1 velvet scoter) were released back into the wild.
The following organisations were engaged in the rehabilitation of the oiled seabirdsin February and March 2004:-
Westküstenpark St.Peter-Ording, Project Blue Sea e.V., Tierhuus Insel Föhr e.V.,Oelvogelhilfe Germany e.V., Terra Mater e.V., Förderverein Westküstenpark e.V. (allGermany), Vogelopvangcentrum „De Fûgelpits“ (Netherlands).
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:17 Pagina 21
Mr. Ivan Calvez
Centre de Documentation de Rechercheet d’Experimentations sur les PollutionsAccidentelles des Eaux (Cedre)
French National Contingency Plan:POLMAR organisation
The French national contingency planning towards accidental marine pollution isprovided by the POLMAR organisation, relating to the response processes to beimplemented in case of an accident involving an oil spill - or any other chemical spill.The structure of the response includes representatives of all the GovernmentDepartments concerned, and appropriate technical bodies, such as the Cedre(Centre for Documentation, Research and Experimentation on accidental water pol-lution).
The POLMAR plan includes three types of measures, that may be taken in respon-se to oil spills: (i) prevention measures to avoid such pollution occurring in the first place; (ii) preparatory response measures to allow the responsible authorities to be giventhe resources to respond rapidly in the case of accidents; (iii) response measures intended to limit the consequences.As regards to the oiled fauna, one of the lessons of the Erika oil spill, in France, wasa lack of co-ordination between administrations, authorities, wildlife conservationand care organisations (NGOs). This led to conflicts and problems, eventually cau-sing confusion in stranded bird counts (e.g. specimens “lost”, or counted twice, ormore, by the various organisations involved). Hence the idea of drafting updatedplans, in order to achieve better preparedness and to conciliate response activitieswith wildlife concerns, and with all these parties (authorities, NGOs, public services)
ANNEX 6SOME NATIONAL PROCESSES
working together. As stated in the POLMAR legal instruction dated 4th March 2002,all Land-POLMAR plans (response on the shoreline) should now include an “oiledfauna contingency plan”. To this aim, Working Groups have been constituted, incharge of drafting the plan, and co-ordinated by the DIREN (regional branch of theMinistry in charge of the Environment).Members of Working Groups are: DIREN, local and national wildlife conservation &care associations, National Office of Hunting and Wildlife, Departmental VeterinaryServices, Ifremer (French Oceanographic Institute), Cedre (technical advisor forFrench authorities in case of a spill), Conservatoire du Littoral (association in char-ge of coastal areas conservation), National Museum of Natural History…“Guidelines for the Update of Land/Polmar Plans” were written in 2003, the “oiledfauna contingency plan” being contained in Annex 11.5. According to this Guideline,the Polmar plan should include:
• the name(s) and contact points of NGO(s) responsible for co-ordinating wildliferesponse;
• rehabilitation operations in the area, sensitivity maps (developed by the workinggroup),existing care centres, and buildings potentially convertible if needed;
• alert, notification and mobilisation procedures;• lists of equipment needed for a centre to function;• legal procedures (for transport of oiled live animals for instance);• agreements between NGOs, administrations and authorities as regards food, • energy and fluid supplies, safety visits, waste recovery and treatment;• … etc.
Such working groups have already met in some Departments of France, and wor-ked together with success. Not only does this system allow them to draft efficientplans, it also gives these various parties the opportunity to meet on a regular basis,get to know each other, develop confidence and should reduce the risk of conflictsin case of a future crisis.
38
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:17 Pagina 22
39
Ms. Kathy BelpaemeCo-ordination Centre for IntegratedCoastal Zone Management
National preparedness in Belgium
The accident with the Tricolor in January 2003, with its 9,117 beached birds, ofwhich more than 50% were alive at the time of beaching, and a maximum of 170tonnes of spilled oil, led to the general awareness that Belgium needs an inter-vention plan for oiled birds. Thanks to many volunteers, lots of enthusiastic scien-tists and civil servants, the situation at the beginning 2003 was approached in avery sound way. But after the last birds had been taken care of, after the last oilhad been cleaned from the beach, questions were being raised, such as:
• Who will pay for all the costs made? • What do we do with the toxic waste? • How can we build a better rehabilitation centre in the future? • How can we better co-ordinate in case of future incidents?
It was generally agreed that a formal intervention plan for oiled birds was nee-ded. The official order to start the process of drawing up an intervention plan wasgiven in autumn 2003 by the Minster of Environment. After two start-up meetings,the Co-ordination Centre for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) wasassigned as a neutral co-ordinator and driving force behind the process.
The Co-ordination Centre is a co-operation between different authority levels,and its main aim is to tackle cross-sectoral questions in the Coastal Zone. Oilspills and their side effects fit nicely within the Co-ordination Centre’s work pack-age (several sectors involved, and at the scale of the whole coast), but the nee-ded expertise was not present within the Centre. Therefore Sea Alarm wasapproached to bring in technical expertise and a working group was established.
The composition of the working group is considered to be very important. Care wastaken not only to involve all relevant authorities and the governor, but also relevantNGOs, scientists, institutions, and wildlife rehabilitation centres are part of the group.
The intervention plan not only includes measures for handling oiled birds, but alsouseful background information such as address lists, logistics and available mate-rial and filing cards on the plan’s co-ordination and activation (Who is responsibleto co-ordinated the whole plan, and how can it be (de)activated?), costs and finan-ces (Who pays for what, and how do you register the cost to facilitate the claim?),animal treatment and waste management.
A general aim was to end up with a practical plan, and not a voluminous book.Therefore the intervention plan consists of three chapters:
1. Strategy containing the introduction and background information, 2. Operations containing all filing cards, 3. Data containing telephone directories, tables, maps etc.
In case of an incident, the operational chapter is the crucial document which clear-ly instructs all parties on their responsibilities and tasks. For each of the tasks a co-ordinator (function) is assigned. Some extra learning points from the Tricolor incident and the process are:
• Be sure the financial procedures are clear in the plan. If this is not the case, thewillingness to co-operate might be lacking.
• Build-in a regular updating procedure• Make sure your plan links up with existing contingency plans. • Do not interfere with existing and successful plans already in place.
Apart from the intervention plan for oiled birds, a parallel process with the coastalmunicipalities was set up, in order to draw up guidelines for the role of municipali-ties in case of coastal (oil) incidents. The Guidelines will include, e.g. good practi-ces for beach cleaning, advice for handling toxic waste, and the approach for sideeffects of an incident (media, volunteers, safety, transport of birds, etc.).
The intervention plan is nearly ready (October 2004), the next important step is tohave the intervention plan endorsed at a political level. Having the agreement ofthe working group does not guarantee that the politicians and superiors also agree.The endorsement procedure still has to be decided upon, but the working group isvery much in favour of the rational approach. The perfect consensus model mighttake much more time, and a disaster does not wait for consensus!
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:17 Pagina 23
40
Mr. Eugene Clonan
Irish Coast Guard
The Irish Coast Guard
The Irish Coast Guard has two main functions:• Search & Rescue and Safety Awareness • Pollution & Salvage, which includes contingency planning, prevention and respon-
se at sea and cleanup on the coast.
As well as providing a national marine search and rescue response service the IrishCoast Guard (IRCG) provides a response to marine casualty incidents and alsomonitors/intervenes in marine salvage operations. The IRCG are also charged withdeveloping and co-coordinating an effective regime in relation to marine pollutionresponse. Irish Coast Guard functions are mandated through Government policy and variouspieces of national legislation, EU Directives and International Conventions. Themost important of which are mentioned below,
The Sea Pollution Act 1991 gives effect to the MARPOL Convention and theIntervention Convention.The Sea Pollution (Amendment) Act 1999 gives effect to the InternationalConvention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, 1990.
Government decision (3rd May 1988), assigned the responsibility to the IRCG forthe removal of oil from the coastline and, in the event of major pollution incident, thedirection of co-ordination of the onshore response to the Irish Coast Guard.
The Salvage and Wreck Act requires the IRCG, on being made aware of a vesselin difficulty, to take such steps as they (IRCG) think fit to save lives vessel, cargoand apparel of the vessel including steps to minimise the threat of pollution. TheDirector and Chief of Operations Irish Coast Guard are authorised/officers underthe Sea Pollution Act 1991 and Oil Pollution with authority to act in such circum-stances & to give directions, for the purpose of preventing, mitigating or eliminatingdanger from pollution or threat of pollution by oil. (Similar to the UK’s SOSREP).
The aim of the Irish Coast Guard is to develop and co-ordinate an effective regimefor preparedness and response to spills of oil and other hazardous and noxioussubstances (HNS), and to provide an efficient and effective response to marinecasualty incidents by monitoring/intervening if required in marine casualty opera-tions.
Irelands Pollution Responsibility Zone covers an area stretching to 200 miles off thewest coast and to the median line between Ireland and the UK in the Irish Sea andCeltic Sea. The area is comparable to Ireland’s EEZ and the area covers approx200,000 m2. The zone is a resource of high value in terms of ecological and socio-economic use.It is a very ecological sensitive area with a wide variety of fauna and flora. It sup-ports an active leisure industry with a large number of blue flag beaches and alsocommerce including fisheries marine transport and natural resources.
At a marine pollution/casualty incident, IRCG staff may be deployed on scene aspart of the Coast Guard Incident Command System which involve setting up aresponse centre near to the incident. This Centre consists of three units, a sea pol-lution response, shoreline pollution response and marine casualty, salvage respon-se. The Response Centre and each of the units are under the direction and co-ordi-nation of the Coast Guard.
Strategy for combating at sea Based on reports received from aerial surveillance, a plan for the combat operationis drafted and executed. The main strategy is to recover floating oil from the seasurface applying mechanical recovery systems.
Strategy for combating on-shoreLocal Authorities will remove the oil from the shoreline under the direction of theCoast Guard. Depending on the type of oil, the recovery will be executed by handor a combination of booming/ recovery systems and manpower.Response to oil spills is based on a Tiered approach.
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:16 Pagina 24
41
Tier 1 Port/Local Authorities must be able to respond to an incident using local orinternal resources/stockpiles. These resources are stockpiled locally andare based on risk assessment.
Tier 2 Local plus external resources, includes equipment from the national stock-pile.
Tier 3 National and international response.
The Irish Coast Guard maintains a national stockpile of oil spill response equipmentfor a tier 2 response and above at its main store in Blanchardstown, Dublin and twosmaller stockpiles at Killybegs and Castletownbere. The equipment consists of offs-hore and coastal booms, oil recovery devices such as skimmers and manual equip-ment for on shore clean up and portable temporary storage tanks. The nationalstockpile is made up of 70% onshore recovery and 30% at sea recovery equipment.Familiarisation training is carried out at these locations every year for LocalAuthority and Port Authority personnel.IRCG has a standing contract with an international equipment provider for support,aerial dispersant spraying and personnel.
In the event of a request from abroad the IRCG makes available 30% of its stock-pile.
The Irish Coast Guard will ensure that the most appropriate oil spill response stra-tegy will be used with regard for net environment, economic benefit analysis.
The Irish Coast Guard is currently reviewing its contingency planning and particu-larly the following areas,
• Emergency Towing• Aerial Surveillance• Oil Recovery Vessels• Chemical Response Teams• OPRC HNS Protocol
Mr. Martin HeubeckShetland Oil Terminal EnvironmentalAdvisory Group (SOTEAG)
Oiled Wildlife Contingeny Plan in ShetlandOil spill contingency planning for the Shetland Oil Terminal, one of the largest oilexporting terminals in Europe, dates from 1974 when the Sullom VoeEnvironmental Advisory Group (SVEAG) was formed. July 1974 was a significantdate in the history of environmental concern in Shetland, when three representati-ves of the British Petroleum Company, and two University academics, visitedShetland and proposed to the (then) Zetland County Council (ZCC) that an envi-ronmental advisory group should be established to supervise the development,construction and operation of the oil terminal at Sullom Voe. This group, formed bythe ZCC, functioned until 1976, and produced the one of the first non-statutoryEnvironmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for the infrastructure and construction ofthe terminal. By 1977, when the terminal was still being built, SVEAG was recon-stituted by the Shetland Islands Council (SIC) as The Shetland Oil TerminalEnvironmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG) to widen its membership, but mostimportantly, to change to an independent Chairman and Secretary the Chair givento one of the original academic instigators of SVEAG the late Professor GeorgeDunnet from the University of Aberdeen.
From this solid foundation in 1977, and throughout its twenty-seven year history,SOTEAG has continued to take responsibility for environmental input into oil spillcontingency planning for Shetland that embodies clean-up procedures most approp-riate for prescribed areas of Sullom Voe, based on detailed knowledge of both thesensitivity of the shoreline, and environmental features such as the seasonal pre-sence of vulnerable species of birds or marine mammals likely to be affected.SOTEAG, still independently chaired by a senior academic from the University ofAberdeen, provides environmental advice to, and is funded by, a joint venture com-pany The Sullom Voe Association (SVA) Ltd, established in 1975, which is a public,
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:16 Pagina 25
42
limited liability, non profit-making company, responsible for the policy for the opera-tion/development of Sullom Voe Terminal. It has two senior executives from theShetland Islands Council and one representative each from Shell’s and BP’s twomajor pipeline systems (Brent and Ninian) acting on behalf of (originally) some 33oil industry partners operating in North Sea. BP operates the Terminal on behalf ofthese industry partners, whilst the SIC, by Act of Parliament (ZCC Act 1974), ope-rate the port of Sullom Voe and own the land on which the terminal is built.
The policy for the establishment of the Shetland Wildlife Response Co-ordinatingCommittee (WRCC) developed out of SOTEAG’s experience of assessing the envi-ronmental affects of one serious oil spill in Sullom Voe in 1978 (Esso Bernicia) andthe lessons learned from experiences of others, such as the Exxon Valdez in Alaskain 1989. After analysing existing policy information, and at the request of its sisterorganisation - the Sullom Voe Oil Spills Advisory Committee (SVOSAC) to SVA Ltd.– SOTEAG advised on an appropriate strategy for dealing with wildlife casualties inthe event of a major oil spill in Shetland. The WRCC was set up in 1990 under theauspices and Chairmanship of SOTEAG, but its development planswere immediately ratified and severely tested when the Braer went aground off thesouth coast of Shetland in January 1993, losing its entire cargo.
The WRCC1s Terms of Reference includes responsibility for policy and proceduresfor dealing with oiled wildlife casualties and corpses resulting from a significant spill.Membership is formalised, and brings together all local organisations that wouldbecome involved with the wildlife aspects of a serious oil spill anywhere in Shetland:the SIC, the Terminal Operator (BP), the Scottish Society of the Protection ofCruelty to Animals (SSPCA), the Hillswick Wildlife Sanctuary (rehabilitation of mari-ne mammals), Scottish Natural Heritage (central government1s conservation body),the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), and the Shetland Bird Club(national and local conservation bodies), the Scottish EnvironmentProtection Agency (SEPA), the Shetland Biological Records Centre, a local veteri-nary practice and the local police. Formal links are also maintained with organisa-tions outside Shetland which could provide expertise in an emergency. The aimsof the WRCC are to:
(1) measure the impact of an oil pollution incident by the collection and recording ofas many wildlife victims as is practicable, (2) rehabilitate as many oiled birds and marine mammals as is reasonable andpracticable, (3) factual information to the Incident Co-ordination Centre, and then to the mediaand wider public.
The WRCC meets at least once a year to review and update the Wildlife ResponsePlan for Shetland, taking account of experiences gained in local oil spill exercises,
actual oil spills within Shetland or elsewhere, and changes in legislation. ThisWildlife Response Plan is incorporated into the two oil spill plans that exist for thewhole coastline of Shetland, andspecifically for Sullom Voe Harbour. One of the strengths of the WRCC is that allparticipants - industry, central and government, government conservation agenciesand NGOs - share the same objective of a controlled, safe, efficient and cost-effec-tive response to a major oil spill. An added advantage is that Shetland is a relati-vely small community, so that key players know each other professionally - andeven socially - between times of crisis.
SOTEAG is also responsible for the monitoring strategy for Sullom Voe Terminaloperations and developments, including the passage of tankers around Shetlandwaters. Its full-time seabird monitoring programme, which has run for some thirtyyears, includes an element of organised, routine beached bird surveys throughoutShetland, which provide a core of experienced volunteers in the event of an incident.
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:15 Pagina 26
43
Mr. Patrick JosephClaims Manager, International Oil Pol-lution Compensation Fund (IOPC Fund)
The International Oil Pollution Compensation RegimeCompensation for pollution damage caused by spills of persistent oil from tankers isgoverned by an international regime elaborated under the auspices of the InternationalMaritime Organization (IMO). The framework for the regime is the 1992 Civil LiabilityConvention and the 1992 Fund Convention.
The Civil Liability Conventions govern the liability of shipowners for oil pollution damage.The Conventions lay down the principle of strict liability for shipowners and creates a sys-tem of compulsory liability insurance. The shipowner is normally entitled to limit his liabi-lity to an amount, which is linked to the tonnage of his ship.
The 1992 Fund Convention, which is supplementary to the 1992 Civil Liability Convention,establishes a regime for compensating victims when the compensation under the appli-cable Civil Liability Convention is inadequate. The total sum available for compensationunder these two Conventions is 203 million Special Drawing Rights (SDR) (239 millioneuro). In early 2005 a Protocol establishing a Supplementary Fund will come into forceincreasing the total amount of compensation available to 750 million SDR (884 millioneuro) in those States that ratify the Protocol including the amounts available in the under-lying Conventions.
The Fund Convention established an intergovernmental organisation to administer thecompensation regime. The Organisation has its headquarters in London. As at 8thOctober 2004, there were 94 States party to the 1992 Civil Liability Convention and 86 ofthese were also party to the 1992 Fund Convention.
Types of claims covered by the ConventionsUnder the Conventions, compensation is payable for pollution damage under one of thefollowing five categories:• Property damage• Costs of clean up operations at sea and ashore
ANNEX 7ROLE AND ACTIVITIES OF
SOME INTERNATIONALORGANISATIONS
• Economic losses by fishermen or those engaged in mariculture• Economic losses in the tourism sector• Environmental reinstatement
Claims under the Conventions are assessed according to criteria laid down by represen-tatives of the Governments of Member States. These criteria are set out in the 1992 FundClaims Manual, which is a practical guide to the presentation of claims for compensation.
Compensation for Wildlife RehabilitationAs a consequence of concerns for animal welfare in the wake of a spill, efforts are oftenmade to clean contaminated animals, particularly oiled birds, mammals and reptiles. Thecapture, cleaning and rehabilitation of oiled wildlife requires trained personnel and thework is normally carried out by special interest groups, often with the assistance of vol-unteers who establish cleaning stations close to the spill location. Cleaning is difficult andslow and causes the animals further distress, and undertaken only if there is a reasona-ble chance of the animals surviving the process.
Claims for the costs of treatment of oiled wildlife essentially fall within the criteria set outfor the recovery of clean-up costs. Details of the number of animals treated and the num-ber successfully released back into the wild should be provided in support of this claim.Claims for reasonable costs associated with the provision of local reception facilitiesappropriate to the scale of the problem, materials, medication and food are normally com-pensable under the international regime as are reasonable food and accommodationcosts of volunteers.
If several special interest groups undertake cleaning and rehabilitation activities theseshould be properly co-ordinated to avoid duplication of effort. If these groups undertakingthe work mounted campaigns to raise public funds for the purpose of maintaining fieldoperations for a specific incident, details should be provided, including the costs of thecampaigns, the amounts raised and how the money was used. Deductions will be madefor funds raised from the public for the specific purpose of maintaining the field operationsfor a specific incident.
Claims for the costs mentioned above are not accepted when it could have been foreseenthat the measures taken would be ineffective, for example if it was clear from the outsetthat an animal would not have survived the cleaning process. On the other hand, the factthat the measures proved to be ineffective is not in itself a reason for rejection of a claim.
In October 2004, the 1992 Fund Assembly adopted the text of a new Claims Manual,which includes a short section on the treatment of claims for the cleaning and rehabilita-tion of oiled wildlife. A copy of this manual will be available for downloading from theFund’s website by the end of 2004.For more detailed information, please refer to the Fund’s website at www.iopcfund.org.Alternatively, if there are any queries, delegates are welcome to e-mail us their queries [email protected].
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:15 Pagina 27
44
Mr. Jim ThornboroughEmergency Response Adviser, BPShipping
The IPIECA Oil Spill Working Group
The International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association(IPIECA secretariat: London) was founded in 1974 as a Global Membershipbetween national and multinational petroleum companies and associations, andaims at interaction and cooperation with UN and other international organizations.IPIECA has Special Consultative Status as an NGO because of its affiliation withthe UN body ECOSOC. IPIECA’s activities focus on key global issues, like globalclimate change, biodiversity, social responsibility, oil spill preparedness & response,fuels and vehicles, and health.
IPIECA’s Oil Spill Working Group (OSWG) includes membership of 25 multination-al oil companies, 12 regional associations and 13 technical partners. The OSWGaims to:• Enhance the state of preparedness and response to marine oil spill incidents in
priority locations around the world;• Promote Net Environmental Benefit Analysis, Tiered response, ratification of con-
ventions;• Facilitate cooperation between industry and government at National, Regional, &
International levels.
Its mission is implemented in three ways:• Through education and communication (the ‘Report Series’);• Sponsoring and supporting international conferences (IOSC, Interspill, Spillcon),
and training workshops;• By our partnership with IMO in the Global Initiative (GI) programme.
The “Guide to Oiled Wildlife Planning” is an example of the kind of documents thatare produced in IPIECA’s Report Series. Another recent IPIECA publication is the2004 Update of Action Against Oil Pollution (1981), which provides an overview ofintergovernmental and industry organisations (IMO, UNEP, INTERTANKO, ICS,IOPC Fund, IPIECA, CONCAWE, EUROPIA, ITOPF, OPOL, OCIMF, OGP and P&IClubs) concerned with oil spills in the marine environment.
The ‘Global Initiative’ is an example of “Oil Spill Partnership in Practice”. It is anongoing initiative by IPIECA and IMO, which started in 1996, and it aims to• Assist countries in developing a national structure for dealing with oil spills through
the mobilisation of external assistance and industry support at national & regionallevels;
• Encourage ratification and implementation on OPRC and conventions relating toliability and compensation.
The success of this work is measured, e.g. through increases of ratifications inAfrican Countries of different oil spill related conventions between 1996 and 2004:• 1992 Civil Liability Convention from 1 to 17• 1992 Fund Convention from 1 to 17• 1990 OPRC Convention from 4 to 11
The Global Initiative is a multitude of activities, including e.g.:• Communications• A consistent message through the Report Series, video, briefing papers and GI
Newsletters• Technical Missions• Progressing Convention ratification and approval of National Plans• Sensitivity mapping workshops• IMO model training courses• Conferences, workshops & seminars• Facilitation and presentations
As part of the Global Initiative, and the work of the Oil Spill Working Group, region-al initiatives have been developed (MOIG, REMPEC, Caspian EnvironmentProgramme), and special partnerships have started (e.g. the OSPRI partnership).More information can be found via www.ipieca.org.
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:14 Pagina 28
45
Dr.
Rob
Hol
land
Oil
Spill
Res
pons
e Lt
d.
Oil
Spill
Res
pons
e Li
mite
d (O
SRL)
and
the
Glo
bal A
llian
ce
Oil
Spi
ll R
espo
nse
Ltd,
OS
RL,
is th
e w
orld
’s la
rges
t int
erna
tiona
l oil
spill
resp
on-
se o
rgan
isat
ion.
Eas
t Asi
a R
espo
nse
Ltd,
EA
RL,
is th
e la
rges
t suc
h or
gani
satio
nin
the
Asi
a P
acifi
c re
gion
and
tog
ethe
r th
ey f
orm
a f
orm
idab
le A
llian
ce d
ealin
gw
ith e
mer
genc
ies
swift
ly a
nd p
rofe
ssio
nally
whe
neve
r and
whe
reve
r in
the
wor
ldth
ey o
ccur
. Oil
spill
s im
pact
not
onl
y on
the
envi
ronm
ent b
ut th
e fin
anci
al h
ealth
and
repu
tatio
n of
the
oil i
ndus
try. A
gain
st a
bac
kgro
und
of c
ontin
uing
pub
lic a
wa-
rene
ss a
nd c
once
rn f
or t
he e
nviro
nmen
t, oi
l sp
ills
are
certa
in t
o at
tract
muc
hm
edia
inte
rest
. Th
e A
llian
ce is
abo
ut p
ract
ical
and
real
istic
dam
age
limita
tion
toth
e en
viro
nmen
t, cl
ient
s’bu
sine
sses
and
thei
r rep
utat
ions
. It i
s al
so a
bout
incr
e-as
ing
the
awar
enes
s of
oil
spill
issu
es a
nd e
nsur
ing
ther
e is
pro
per
prep
ared
-ne
ss f
or a
n in
cide
nt.
Thi
s in
volv
es m
ore
than
just
spi
ll re
spon
se.
OS
RL
and
EA
RL
prov
ide
som
e of
the
wor
ld’s
bes
t tra
inin
g an
d co
nsul
tanc
y se
rvic
es to
hel
ppr
epar
e in
-hou
se te
ams
to h
andl
e th
e si
tuat
ion
and
min
imis
e th
e im
pact
. Oil
spil-
ls a
re c
rises
that
nee
d to
be
man
aged
. Stra
tegi
es h
ave
to b
e pl
anne
d an
d pe
rs-
onne
l tra
ined
in a
dvan
ce to
wor
k ef
fect
ivel
y. T
he A
llian
ce’s
com
preh
ensi
ve s
er-
vice
s dr
aw o
n th
e ex
perie
nce
and
expe
rtise
gai
ned
from
atte
ndin
g nu
mer
ous
inci
dent
s ar
ound
the
wor
ld.
Cur
rent
ly o
ver
twen
ty o
f th
e m
ost
resp
onsi
ble
and
com
mitt
ed o
il co
mpa
nies
ow
n th
e A
llian
ce. F
ull m
embe
rshi
p is
ava
ilabl
e to
any
inte
rnat
iona
l oil
com
pany
and
Ass
ocia
te m
embe
rshi
p is
ava
ilabl
e fo
r si
ngle
site
oper
atio
ns. T
he A
llian
ce is
on
call
to re
spon
d to
its
mem
bers
’nee
ds im
med
iate
-ly
, 24
hour
s a
day,
365
day
s a
year
.
Res
pons
eTh
e A
llian
ce is
per
man
ently
on
call
to p
rovi
de a
dvic
e an
d pr
actic
al a
ssis
tanc
e in
the
even
t of a
spi
ll or
thre
at o
f a s
pill.
Effe
ctiv
e re
spon
se re
lies
upon
trai
ned
pers
onne
l, w
orki
ng to
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
pla
nth
at h
as th
e pr
oper
reso
urce
s an
d ha
s be
en re
gula
rly e
xerc
ised
. Th
e A
llian
ce n
oton
ly p
rovi
des
the
reso
urce
s of
per
sonn
el a
nd e
quip
men
t, bu
t ass
ists
in th
e ex
erci
-si
ng th
roug
h on
cal
l ass
ista
nce
for t
able
top
exer
cise
s to
full
depl
oym
ents
.
Com
bine
d w
ith a
long
trac
k hi
stor
y of
suc
cess
and
pro
ven
relia
bilit
y, th
e A
llian
ceof
fers
its
mem
bers
acc
ess
to th
e m
ost c
ost e
ffect
ive
and
reas
surin
g re
spon
se c
apa-
bilit
y in
the
wor
ld:
•Com
pete
nce
to in
tegr
ate
into
and
wor
k w
ith o
ther
resp
onse
team
s lo
cally
on-
site
•Lar
ge a
nd v
arie
d st
ate-
of-th
e-ar
t equ
ipm
ent s
tock
pile
s•M
ulti-
skill
ed, e
xper
ienc
ed a
nd h
ighl
y qu
alifi
ed p
erso
nnel
• Ded
icat
ed a
ircra
ft an
d br
oker
to e
nsur
e th
e qu
icke
st p
ossi
ble
resp
onse
•The
Alli
ance
can
als
o pr
ovid
e ot
her o
pera
tiona
l sup
port
incl
udin
g:• S
pill
resp
onse
equ
ipm
ent h
ire d
urin
g dr
illin
g op
erat
ions
• Tie
r 2 re
spon
se in
the
UK
•Aer
ial s
urve
illanc
e an
d di
sper
sant
spr
ayin
g in
Uni
ted
King
dom
Con
tinen
tal S
helf
• Equ
ipm
ent m
aint
enan
ce a
udits
Trai
ning
The
Alli
ance
has
long
bee
n re
cogn
ised
as
the
oil i
ndus
try’s
pre
mie
r oil
spill
train
ing
prov
ider
, offe
ring
a br
oad
rang
e of
trie
d an
d te
sted
cou
rses
at i
ts p
urpo
se-b
uilt
faci
li-tie
s in
Sou
tham
pton
and
Sin
gapo
re a
nd a
t oth
er p
rime
loca
tions
wor
ld-w
ide.
Ove
r the
last
ten
year
s m
ore
than
9,0
00 d
eleg
ates
hav
e be
nefit
ed fr
om tr
aini
ng c
ours
es p
rovi
-de
d by
the
Allia
nce
in s
ome
48 c
ount
ries,
del
iver
ed b
y ou
r ded
icat
ed te
am o
f exp
e-rie
nced
pro
fess
iona
l res
pond
ers.
The
Alli
ance
’s s
uite
of t
rain
ing
cour
ses
incl
ude:
•P
ublis
hed/
Ope
n C
ours
es:
“Indu
stry
st
anda
rd”
flags
hip
cour
ses,
O
il S
pill
Cle
aran
ce, O
il S
pill
Man
agem
ent,
Oil
Spi
ll R
efre
sher
& E
ssen
tials
, AM
anag
er’s
Gui
de to
Oil
Spi
lls•
“Spe
cial
ist
cour
ses”
: S
hore
line
Sup
ervi
sor/B
each
mas
ter,
Inla
nd
Spi
lls,
Col
dW
eath
er R
espo
nse,
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
s, C
laim
s &
Com
pens
atio
n, R
espo
nder
Hea
lth a
nd S
afet
y•I
MO
mod
el tr
aini
ng c
ours
es: L
evel
1 -
Firs
t Res
pond
er, L
evel
2 -
Sup
ervi
sor/O
n-sc
ene
Com
man
der,
Leve
l 3 –
Sen
ior M
anag
ers
and
adm
inis
trato
rs•
Clie
nt –
Tai
lore
d C
ours
es, C
lient
s ca
n op
t for
tailo
red
train
ing
offe
ring:
Tar
gete
dtra
inin
g fo
cuse
d on
spe
cific
nee
ds, T
otal
flex
ibili
ty, C
onve
nien
t loc
atio
ns, T
imin
g to
suit
the
clie
nt
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 13:29 Pagina 29
46
Acc
redi
ted
Qua
lity
Trai
ning
The
Alli
ance
is c
omm
itted
to th
e In
tern
atio
nal M
ariti
me
Org
aniz
atio
n’s
initi
ativ
es to
prom
ote
train
ing
for o
il sp
ill p
repa
redn
ess
and
resp
onse
. The
Alli
ance
is a
ccre
dite
dto
del
iver
IM
O M
odel
Tra
inin
g C
ours
es a
nd U
K c
ours
es o
n be
half
of t
he U
KM
ariti
me
and
Coa
stgu
ard
Age
ncy.
Con
sulta
ncy
The
Alli
ance
dra
ws
upon
a w
orld
-wid
e ne
twor
k of
exp
erie
nced
con
sulta
nts
whi
ch,
com
bine
d w
ith a
team
of s
taff
in S
outh
ampt
on a
nd S
inga
pore
, giv
es a
n un
para
llele
dab
ility
to p
rovi
de c
onsu
ltanc
y se
rvic
es in
clud
ing:
• C
ontin
genc
y P
lann
ing:
Com
pany
/Inte
rnat
iona
l co
rpor
ate
plan
s, N
atio
nal
plan
s,P
ort a
nd fa
cilit
y-sp
ecifi
c pl
ans,
Pla
n re
view
s, c
apab
ility
rev
iew
s an
d ris
k as
sess
-m
ents
• E
nviro
nmen
tal
sens
itivi
ty m
appi
ng,
Site
-spe
cific
res
pons
e st
rate
gy,
Em
bedd
edvi
deo
foot
age
and
phot
o lib
rary
• O
il S
pill
Mod
ellin
g: O
il sp
ill w
eath
erin
g an
d fa
te a
naly
sis,
Tra
ject
ory
mod
ellin
g,S
toch
astic
(pro
babi
lity)
mod
ellin
g, H
ind-
cast
mod
ellin
g•
Exe
rcis
es:
Not
ifica
tion
exer
cise
s, T
able
-top
exer
cise
s, E
quip
men
t de
ploy
men
tex
erci
ses,
Inci
dent
man
agem
ent d
rills
. Ful
l sca
le T
ier 3
exe
rcis
e m
anag
emen
t•
Ded
icat
ed S
ervi
ces
and
Focu
sed
long
er te
rm a
dvis
ory
serv
ices
: Reg
iona
l pla
n-ni
ng a
dvic
e, S
peci
fic p
roje
ct d
evel
opm
ent,
On-
site
han
ds o
n im
plem
enta
tion,
One
-sto
p sh
op fo
r all
serv
ices
Oil
Indu
stry
Sup
port
Bes
ides
pro
vidi
ng k
ey re
spon
se s
ervi
ces,
com
preh
ensi
ve tr
aini
ng a
nd c
onsu
ltanc
y,th
e A
llian
ce is
a s
ourc
e of
tech
nica
l exp
ertis
e an
d su
ppor
t to
help
the
indu
stry
sol
vere
spon
se p
robl
ems
and
prov
ide
cost
-effe
ctiv
e so
lutio
ns
The
Alli
ance
ass
ists
oil
com
pani
es in
impr
ovin
g th
eir
resp
onse
cap
abili
ty b
y es
ta-
blis
hing
effe
ctiv
e pr
oced
ures
to m
aint
ain
thei
r on-
site
equ
ipm
ent t
hrou
gh th
e in
tro-
duct
ion
of c
ost-e
ffect
ive
resp
onse
reg
imes
. Th
e A
llian
ce c
ondu
cts
audi
ts a
ndas
sess
men
ts, h
elps
iden
tify
the
mos
t sui
tabl
e eq
uipm
ent,
train
s an
d ed
ucat
es s
taff
and
ensu
res
prop
er m
aint
enan
ce re
gim
es a
re in
pla
ce.
Ake
y as
pect
of a
ny p
roje
ct u
nder
take
n by
the
Alli
ance
is th
e ob
ject
ive
of im
prov
ing
resp
onse
and
hen
ce th
e ov
eral
l enh
ance
men
t of t
he o
il in
dust
ry’s
cap
abili
ty w
orld
-w
ide
On
beha
lf of
the
colle
ctiv
e oi
l ind
ustry
, the
Alli
ance
pro
mot
es th
e tie
red
resp
onse
conc
ept
and
dire
ctly
sup
ports
bot
h IP
IEC
Aan
d th
e IM
O in
the
pro
mot
ion
of t
heO
PR
C c
onve
ntio
n
Mr.
Paul
Kel
way
Emer
genc
y R
elie
f M
anag
er
– IF
AWO
iled
Wild
life
Div
isio
n
IFAW
’s r
ole
in o
iled
wild
life
resp
onse
FAW
was
est
ablis
hed
in 1
969
and
over
the
year
s ha
s gr
own
into
a le
adin
g in
tern
a-tio
nal a
nim
al w
elfa
re o
rgan
isat
ion
with
ove
r tw
o m
illio
n su
ppor
ters
. Its
wor
k is
aim
edat
pro
tect
ing
both
wild
and
dom
estic
ani
mal
s th
roug
h lo
ng-te
rm c
ampa
igns
and
res-
cue
and
relie
f ope
ratio
ns. O
ur m
issi
on is
to fi
nd s
olut
ions
that
ben
efit
both
ani
mal
san
d pe
ople
and
IFAW
wor
ks w
ith c
omm
uniti
es a
nd o
rgan
izat
ions
aro
und
the
wor
ldto
ach
ieve
this
.
IFAW
’s O
iled
Wild
life
Div
isio
n is
par
t of t
he E
mer
genc
y R
elie
f Pro
gram
and
is o
neof
fou
r di
visi
ons.
The
tea
m i
s co
-man
aged
by
IFAW
and
the
Int
erna
tiona
l B
irdR
escu
e R
esea
rch
Cen
ter (
IBR
RC
), w
hich
has
bee
n de
dica
ted
to o
iled
wild
life
reha
-bi
litat
ion
for 3
0 ye
ars.
IFAW
has
bee
n in
volv
ed in
this
fiel
d si
nce
1989
. Sin
ce th
en th
e te
am h
as g
row
n an
dsu
ppor
ted
man
y of
the
maj
or o
iled
wild
life
resp
onse
s in
rec
ent y
ears
. The
big
gest
resp
onse
rem
ains
the
Tre
asur
e sp
ill in
200
0 w
hen
over
20,
000
Afri
can
peng
uins
(Sph
enis
cus
dem
ersu
s) w
ere
oile
d. IF
AW w
orke
d ha
nd in
han
d w
ith th
e lo
cal r
eha-
bilit
atio
n or
gani
satio
n, S
AN
CC
OB
, und
er th
e di
rect
ion
of C
ape
Nat
ure
Con
serv
atio
nto
man
age
the
reha
bilit
atio
n ef
fort.
Ove
r 90%
wer
e su
cces
sful
ly re
habi
litat
ed. T
his
resp
onse
was
so
succ
essf
ul b
ecau
se o
f the
effe
ctiv
e pr
e-pl
anni
ng, g
ood
coor
dina
-tio
n be
twee
n st
akeh
olde
rs, i
t was
par
t of t
he o
vera
ll re
spon
se to
spi
ll an
d th
ere
was
a cl
ear m
anag
emen
t stru
ctur
e w
orki
ng to
pro
ven
reha
bilit
atio
n pr
otoc
ols.
IFAW
rec
ogni
ses
that
firs
t and
fore
mos
t pre
vent
ion
is th
e m
ost e
ffect
ive
long
-term
solu
tion
to o
iled
wild
life.
How
ever
, giv
en th
at a
ccid
ents
do
happ
en, w
e al
so a
im to
resp
ond
effe
ctiv
ely
and
redu
ce th
e im
pact
of o
il sp
ills
on w
ildlif
e as
wel
l as
impr
ove
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 15:42 Pagina 30
47
the
abili
ty to
resp
ond
loca
lly a
nd b
e be
tter p
repa
red
in th
e fu
ture
. Th
is is
ach
ieve
dth
roug
h th
e pr
oduc
tion
of w
ildlif
e co
ntin
genc
y pl
ans
and
by h
ostin
g fo
rmal
wild
life
train
ings
.
Dur
ing
a re
spon
se w
e ar
e al
way
s se
nsiti
ve to
loca
l ow
ners
hip
of th
e sp
ill a
nd w
illon
ly b
ecom
e in
volv
ed if
we
have
bee
n in
vite
d to
do
so a
nd h
ave
appr
oval
of t
helo
cal a
utho
ritie
s. W
e w
ork
hand
in h
and
with
loca
l org
s an
d vo
lunt
eers
to p
rovi
deef
fect
ive
man
agem
ent o
f res
ourc
es a
nd to
impl
emen
t pro
ven
prot
ocol
s in
ord
er to
prov
ide
‘bes
t ach
ieva
ble
care
.’
In c
oncl
usio
n, IF
AW c
an h
elp
as p
art o
f the
team
, wor
king
at a
num
ber o
f lev
els
and
base
d on
our
exp
erie
nce
wor
king
in o
iled
wild
life
resp
onse
and
reh
abilit
atio
n ov
erm
any
year
s. H
owev
er, I
FAW
is n
ot th
e so
lutio
n. F
or th
at w
e m
ust a
ll w
ork
toge
ther
,w
hich
is w
hy th
is c
onfe
renc
e an
d th
e la
unch
of t
he IP
IEC
Agu
idel
ines
on
oile
d w
ild-
life
plan
ning
are
so
impo
rtant
and
exc
iting
.
Hug
o N
ijkam
p
Dire
ctor
Sea
Ala
rm F
ound
atio
n
The
Act
iviti
es o
f the
Sea
Ala
rm F
ound
atio
nTh
e S
ea A
larm
Fou
ndat
ion
aim
s to
faci
litat
e an
d m
otiv
ate
stra
tegi
c al
lianc
es a
mon
gN
GO
’s, i
ndus
try a
nd g
over
nmen
tal o
rgan
isat
ions
in o
rder
to r
espo
nd e
ffect
ivel
y to
oile
d w
ildlif
e in
cide
nts,
wor
k to
war
ds p
repa
redn
ess
for s
uch
a re
spon
se, a
nd w
he-
reve
r po
ssib
le,
tow
ards
oil
spill
pre
vent
ion.
In
its a
ctiv
ities
, th
e Fo
unda
tion
is a
nap
oliti
cal o
rgan
isat
ion
with
one
issu
e: to
sol
ve th
e pr
oble
ms
of a
n oi
led
wild
life
inci
-de
nt, b
y be
ing
a fa
cilit
ator
th
at le
ads
to a
gre
ater
inte
rnat
iona
l pre
pare
dnes
s an
dpr
ofes
sion
alis
m,
and,
in
the
case
of
an i
ncid
ent,
a co
ordi
nate
d, w
ell
orga
nise
dre
spon
se. I
n its
act
iviti
es, t
he F
ound
atio
n ai
ms
at fu
ll tra
nspa
renc
y.
Sea
Ala
rm w
orks
clo
sely
with
an
inte
rnat
iona
l wild
life
netw
ork
in E
urop
e, a
nd a
glo
-ba
l net
wor
k of
oile
d w
ildlif
e re
spon
se e
xper
ts n
etw
ork
(the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Alli
ance
of
Oile
d W
ildlif
e R
espo
nder
s).
Als
o cl
ose
cont
acts
are
mai
ntai
ned
with
par
ties
inin
dust
ry (o
il sp
ill re
spon
ders
, shi
p ow
ner o
rgan
isat
ions
, mar
itim
e in
sure
rs, s
alva
gein
dust
ry),
gove
rnm
enta
l or
gani
satio
ns
(reg
iona
l ag
reem
ents
, E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
, nat
iona
l aut
horit
ies)
and
inte
rnat
iona
lly o
pera
ting
anim
al w
elfa
re a
ndco
nser
vatio
n gr
oups
.
Sea
Ala
rm’s
act
iviti
es c
once
ntra
te a
roun
d co
mm
unic
atio
n, p
repa
redn
ess
and
resp
onse
.
Diff
eren
t fo
rmat
s of
com
mun
icat
ion
have
bee
n se
t up
: a
web
site
, a
new
slet
ter,
are
port
serie
s an
d a
serie
s of
Sea
Ala
rm C
onfe
renc
es.
By
mea
ns o
f in
form
atio
nex
chan
ge, t
he F
ound
atio
n ai
ms
to in
form
all
parti
es a
bout
pro
gres
s in
the
field
s of
prep
ared
ness
, res
pons
e an
d pr
even
tion,
and
its
own
activ
ities
.
Sea
Ala
rm a
dvoc
ates
pre
pare
dnes
s, to
resp
onsi
ble
parti
es b
y m
eans
of a
rticl
es a
nd
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 16:09 Pagina 31
48
pres
enta
tions
, net
wor
king
, the
dev
elop
men
t of t
ools
and
sta
ndar
ds, c
onsu
ltanc
ies
and
train
ing.
Dur
ing
and
afte
r th
e re
spon
se to
an
inci
dent
, Sea
Ala
rm is
ava
ilabl
e to
ass
ist a
ndad
vice
s on
com
mun
icat
ion,
coo
rdin
atio
n an
d m
anag
emen
t, cl
aim
ant
icip
atio
n,ra
tiona
l app
roac
h, re
cord
kee
ping
. Als
o S
ea A
larm
is a
ble
to a
ssis
t loc
al p
artie
s to
cont
act t
he m
ariti
me
insu
rers
and
com
pens
atio
n re
gim
e to
com
mun
icat
e st
rate
gyan
d de
velo
pmen
ts,
faci
litat
e th
e sm
ooth
int
egra
tion
of n
atio
nal
and
inte
rnat
iona
lex
perti
se in
to th
e re
spon
se, m
ake
avai
labl
e to
ols
and
info
rmat
ion
(dat
abas
es, g
ui-
delin
es, e
tc).
Mor
e in
form
atio
n ca
n be
foun
d vi
a w
ww
.sea
-ala
rm.o
rg.
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 13:32 Pagina 32
49
Ms. Barbara Callahan
IFAW ER Team, International BirdRescue Research Center
Oiled Wildlife Response and Rehabilitation: An Overview
This paper gives an overview of an Oiled Wildlife Response and RehabilitationProgramme, explaining the different goals and components of an oiled wildliferesponse and how successes can be defined. Additionally, it will review the effectsof oil on wildlife, the window of opportunity in which to successfully rehabilitate oiledseabirds and the need for a competent management team to be put in place, duringa response, that can effectively move animals through the rehabilitation process ina timely enough manner to prevent captive care related deaths.
Brief case studies with lessons learned will be discussed from both the Treasureand the Prestige oiled wildlife responses.
The key message from this paper is that mounting an oiled wildlife response andrehabilitating oiled wildlife is a complicated endeavour and the success of anyresponse is directly related to the level of planning that has been done in advanceof the emergency response.
ANNEX 8CLOSSING SESSION
Mr. Hugo Nijkamp
Director Sea Alarm Foundation
International co-operation on oiled wildlife inci-dentsThe need for well organised oiled wildlife responses mainly becomes apparentwhen marine oil incidents happen in or near areas of high animal abundance.Examples of recent incidents in Europe are Braer, Sea Empress, Erika, Prestige,Tricolor, Fu Shan Hai, Pallas, Baltic Carrier.
In this Conference we have seen in which way oil at sea can affect animals, andwhich kind of responses have been mounted by national and international organi-sations. Responses to the treatment of oiled animals require professional appro-aches in, e.g., the mounting of a reliable impact assessment, and the cleaning andrehabilitation of stricken animals. Large responses do require the involvement oflarge numbers of volunteers, which in turn require a professional approach in theirmanagement. Especially the most recent incidents have demonstrated that theseprofessional approaches exist and that experiences are increasingly shared at aninternational level.
It is important to continue to professionalise oiled wildlife response. Each of the pastincidents demonstrated that there is a large public interest in this work, demonstra-ted by, e.g., assistance from local communities, media coverage and the visits ofVIPs to the rehabilitation centres, once they are up and running. The experience inmany cases is that an oiled wildlife incident and the response take an importantplace in the memory of individuals that were involved as a volunteer of profession-al, but also in the collective memory. It is therefore important that oiled wildlife inci-dents be taken seriously by national authorities who are responsible for oil spillresponse and planning.
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:12 Pagina 33
50
To bring oiled wildlife response to a higher professional level requires that expe-riences are shared at local, national and international levels, and that responses arecritically evaluated. Only in this way, can better approaches be developed and plan-ned for. However, it is an important observation from the Conference that the recentresponses in Europe were much dependant on the creativity, the experience andthe inputs of wildlife response organisations alone. Only few authorities take aninterest in the development of, and planning for, professional approaches in oiledwildlife incidents. There is, however, some good news.
Since 2000, some important developments have been initiated by oiled wildliferesponders at an international level. Leading wildlife responders have set up theInternational Alliance of Oiled Wildlife Responders, which is a promising platform forthe exchange of global experience and the development of standards. In Europe,Sea Alarm continues to connect wildlife responders and develop regional initiativesto improve exchange of information and the level of cooperation. Both initiativeshave lead to some successful interventions in recent spills, and have a promisingpotential for dealing with future incidents. This has been recognised by the respon-se industry, and this sector has increasingly become a useful ally, providing moralsupport and assistance with the development of international standards. A first mile-stone in the cooperation between oiled wildlife responders, the oil industry and theoil response industry is the IPIECA Guide to oiled wildlife response planning.
In conclusion, promising steps towards international cooperation in the field of oiledwildlife responses have been taken, although in Europe much work needs to bedone. Wildlife responders and the oil spill response industry have much commonground to cooperate on development oiled wildlife response standards. Togetherthey should call on authorities in coastal countries in Europe and elsewhere to usethe new IPIECA Guide and start integrating oiled wildlife response into their currentoil spill response plans.
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:12 Pagina 34
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:20 Pagina 35
opmaakannex 10-05-2005 11:20 Pagina 36