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The Third Nine Weeks Benchmark Review 2009-
2010
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What were the North’s advantages in the Civil War?
•More factories•More industry•More gold•More population•More railroads•More banks
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How did the South have an advantage during the Civil War?
We had
Better
Generals
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What were the South’s disadvantages in the Civil War?
• Smaller population than the North
• Less factories• Less industry• Only one foundry• Less railroads• Less gold• Less banks
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Why was the Confederate defeat important at Vicksburg?
• Because it split the Confederacy right down the middle along the Mississippi river
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How did Jim Crow laws come to be and what are they?
• They allow separate facilities based on race in the South
• They segregate• They became laws
because the South was angry at the Federal government’s reconstruction policies in the South
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The Turning Point of the Civil War is?
Gettysburg
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Why was the KKK created?
• As a vigilante
terrorist group they restricted the rights and lives of freedmen
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People in the late 1800’s believed that Chinese
immigrants were keeping wages and salaries low or
down so they did what?
• Passed the Chinese exclusion Act which stopped Chinese immigration to America
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Who did the Emancipation Proclamation apply to?
Slaves in Confederate states only
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Why was Andrew Johnson really impeached?
• He was in a power struggle with Congress over how to handle reconstruction
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What is the number one reason for the rise of Imperialism?
• The need for raw materials and new markets
• To have colonies
• To increase business opportunities
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What did the Freedman’s Bureau do?
• Helped educate and provided assistance to newly freed slaves
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What did the Supreme Court Dred Scott decision establish?
• That Congress had no right to make any laws in the territories and states about slaves because they were property
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What is Thomas Edison known for?
• Inventing the light bulb, moving pictures, phonograph,
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What exactly did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
• Freed the slaves in the Confederate states only
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Who was the founder of the AFL ( American Federation of Labor)
Samuel Gompers
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What muckraker exposed corruption in the Standard Oil
company?
Ida Tarbell
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What is naturalization?
The process by which an immigrant becomes a citizen of a country
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What did Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction call for?
10% of all southern voters to take an oath of
Allegiance to the Union
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What is the place called Wounded Knee known for?
• A group of very old and very young Lakota Sioux Indians fled U.S. army soldiers after doing the Ghost dance because they were afraid of getting in trouble
• American soldiers followed and massacred them at a place called Wounded Knee
• End of Indian resistance to the USA
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What did W.E. Du Bois want?
• Immediate equality for all African-Americans
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What organization did W.E. Du Bois establish?
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According to the Roosevelt Corollary, what area do other
nations need to stay out of or face the wrath of Teddy’s “Big Stick”?
Western
Hemisphere
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What is popular sovereignty?
• The people rule
• They make the decisions BY VOTING
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How did the Pullman Strike end in 1894?
• Federal troops were called in and ended the strike with force and arms
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Who is John D. Rockefeller and what is he known for?
• Created Standard Oil Company which at one time owned 95% of all oil production in America
• Ida Tarbell, muckraker exposed his ruthless business practices
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What 3 acts of the government worked to eliminate unfair
business practices in America?
• Interstate Commerce Act
• Sherman Anti-Trust Act
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act
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When stronger nations try to control smaller or weaker nations and use their resources this is called what?
imperialism
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What two railroads built the first Transcontinental Railroad?
• Union Pacific
• Central Pacific
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The Meat Inspection Act was passed because who wrote a book
about what industry?
• Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle
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What did William Seward buy for America?
Alaska
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Who organized Hull House?
Jane Addams
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What was popular sovereignty in the Kansas- Nebraska Act?
• The people were allowed to vote on if they wanted a slave state or a free state
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What amendment abolished slavery?
13th
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What does Lincoln’s second inaugural address hope for?
• “charity for all, malice towards none….Bind up the wounds of this nation and make a lasting peace among ourselves”
• America to be united once again as
one country
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What do all immigrants have in common?
They come to America to do better economically and/or have freedom
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What did the Interstate Commerce Act provide for?
Concerning Railroads they:
Forbade rebates and pools
Required rate schedulesFixed rates Enforced rates
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How did American workers fight for better working
conditions in the 1800 and 1900’s?
Joined Unions
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Why is the Panama Canal important to Americans?
• It made it much quicker to travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast
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What is the court case Plessy v. Ferguson noted for establishing?
That “separate but equal” is legal and not a problem
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What 2 movements wanted the government to address political and
economic problems in the later 1800’s?
• Progressive Party
• Populist Party
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What are the strengths of reconstruction?
• The 3 Civil Rights amendments (13,14,15)
• The Freedman’s Bureau
• Public education starts in the South
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What is the time of major reforms in the early 1900’s called?
• Progressive Era
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What is a monopoly?
• When one business or company has complete control of an industry
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Who was George Custer?
• American General killed at Little Big Horn by the Sioux Indians
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Who are some of the major Indian resistance leaders of the late
1800’s?
• Sitting Bull
• Geronimo
• Chief Joseph
• Crazy Horse
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What does a third party ,such as the Populist Party, offer to Americans?
A different choice than the major 2 political parties
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What are the major results of the Spanish American War?
• Cuba is freed and becomes independent
• We get the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico
• The USA becomes a world power
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What is friendly fire?
• When a soldier is killed by his own men accidentally
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What Southern General was killed by friendly fire and where
did this happen?
• Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
• Chancellorsville
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What are the benefits of a transcontinental railroad?
• Supplies, goods, mail, and people move more quickly across the country making the cost of goods cheaper and therefore creating wealth
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Why did Teddy Roosevelt come up with a Corollary to the Monroe doctrine that said America might have to
sometimes act as a policeman?
• He said he had to make this corollary( addition) because wrong doing by international powers might necessitate the USA becoming an international police force in the Western Hemisphere
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The treaty that ended the Spanish American war said what?
• Spain gives up Cuba and it becomes independent
• Guam, Philippines, and Puerto Rico are given to the USA
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What did trusts do in order to increase profits?
They eliminate business competition by setting prices
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Who gave America the right to build a canal in Panama?
Panama
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Why was Ellis Island established?
• To address the increase of immigration to America in the late 1800’s
• Processing center for immigrants
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Immigration changes in the later 1800’s
Early immigrants (1750-1850:
• From England and Ireland
• Mainly Northern Europe
Later Immigrants (1850 to 1930)
• From Russia, Italy, Slavic countries
• Mainly from Southern and Central Europe
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How did our country change from the indirect election of senators to
direct election?
• A constitutional amendment (number 17) was passed by the people
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Aims and goals of the Progressive party
To reform American politics by getting passed the recall, referendum , initiative and direct election of senators amendments to the constitution
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Compromise of 1877
• There is a tie for the Presidency• Southern Democrat senators
tell candidate Rutherford Hayes in a “smoke filled room bargain” that they will make sure he wins if he agrees to end Reconstruction in the South
• Hayes does and becomes President
• Hayes withdraws all troops from South
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Teddy Roosevelt and conservation
• Government’s role is to protect and preserve (conserve) the wild areas from being abused and destroyed
• Created national parks like Yellowstone
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Key to getting map questions correct
• Read the legend and key
• http://www.mrnussbaum.com/civilwarpage2.htm
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Two early civil rights activists are
Booker Washington• Wanted gradual
integration of Freedmen into white society
• Instrumental in starting vocational education and rehab in the south
W.E.B. du Bois• Wanted immediate
integration of freedmen into white society
• Founded the NAACP
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How did state and local governments restrict freedoms
of African Americas ?
• Poll taxes
• Literacy tests
• KKK
• Jim Crow laws
• Black codes
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What do poll taxes do?
• Make people pay money in order to vote or register to vote
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How did the USA get the Panama Canal?
• Teddy Roosevelt and Congress helped Panama become an independent nation from Colombia
• Panama then gave the USA a lease to build the canal in their country and we did
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What is the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum and direct election of senator?
• They reform the political and voting process
• They give the average American more power over the political process
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Who began the practice of national parks in America?
• Teddy Roosevelt
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What did Radical Republicans want regarding reconstruction in the South?
• To have a freedman’s bureau
• To have military control over the South
• To guarantee former slaves their rights
• To not allow former Confederate soldiers to participate in the government
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Aren’t we glad that is over?