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The theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.
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• The theory of plate tectonics explains the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s plates.
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Forces that causes Earth’s plates to move.
• The plates of the lithosphere float on top of the Asthenosphere.
• Convection currents rise in the Asthenosphere and spread out beneath the lithosphere.
• Convection current forces drag the overlying plates along. The currents cools and sinks deeper into the mantle.
• Scientist think that the downward movement may provide the force that causes the subduction of plates carrying oceanic crust.
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Forces that causes Earth’s plates to move.
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Slab Push Hypothesis
• Magma rising along the mid oceanic ridge exerts a force that pushes an oceanic plate away from the ridge.
• The force of gravity causes plate movement by pulling cooler, denser oceanic plates down toward the mantle.
• Slab push and pull work together with convection currents to move the plates.
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The earth’s surface is made up of about nine large plates & several smaller plates.
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Places where two plates meet.
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There are three types of plate boundaries.
1. Transform Boundary
2. Divergent Boundary
3. Convergent Boundary
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Two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions.
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Earthquakes occur frequently along this boundary.
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The San Andreas fault in California is an example of a transform boundary.
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Two plates move away from each other.
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• When divergent boundary develop on land, two of Earth’s plates slide apart.
• A rift valley forms along the divergent valley.
• Ex. The Great Rift Valley in east Africa is about 3,000 kilometers long.
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Two plates move towards each other.
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• When plates converge, it results in a collision.
• Collisions happen between:
1. Oceanic crust to oceanic crust
2. Oceanic crust to continental crust
3. Continental crust to continental crust
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Plate Movement
• The plates move at about 1-10 centimeters per year.
• The North American and Eurasian plates move at about 2.5 cm/year.
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Plate Movement
• Pangaea existed about 260 million years ago.
• Approximately 225 million years ago Pangaea began to break apart.
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Plate Movement