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The Technical and Contractual Matters of Bored
Piling Works
ByWallace YeungVibro (H.K.) Ltd.
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What is large diameter bored pile?How to construct a large
diameter bored pile?Its advantages and limitation Common problems and
disputes incurred
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What is a large diameter Bored Pile?
• Replacement and Cast in Situ Pile • Pile diameter greater than 750mm• Formed by excavation or machine boring• Pile core temporary support by steel casing
or drilling fluid
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How to Construct a Large Diameter Bored Pile?
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Step 1 Predrilling (超前鑽)
Carry out Predrilling at the centre of each bored pile location.
Sunk at least 5m into the category of rock specified for founding or forming of rock socket, or the designed rock socket length of the pile, whichever is the deeper.
To identify and locate the bedrock level
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Grade IV rock
Grade II rock
Grade III rock
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Major Plants commonly involved.• Crawler Crane • Oscillator• Reverse Circulation Drill (RCD)
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Crawler Crane
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Oscillator
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Reverse Circulation Drill (RCD)
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Other Type of Boring Machine for Constructing Bored Pile – Rotary Drilling Rig
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Setting out of the pile location.
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Placing of Oscillator at pile location.
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Installation of Temporary Casing by Oscillator/Rotator.
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Coupling of temporary casing with casing joints.
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Coupling of casing by welding.
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Grabbing of soil by grab and jacking down the temporary casing
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Types of grab
Grab for excavation of soft materials
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Grab for excavation through hard stratum and boulder layers
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Set up RCD for rock socket drilling when Bedrock Level is reached.
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Drill Bit
Types of drill bit for different types of drilling
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Bellout Bit (for formation of bellout socket)
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Reaming drill bit
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Installation of drilling bit
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Air-lifting for cleaning the pile shaft.
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Carry out Koden Test for verifying the verticality of the pile and bellout size
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Installation of Rebar Cage
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Installation of permanent casing when required.
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Airlifting for final cleaning
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Concreting to the pile
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Step 3 Pile testing Interface Coring Test for verifying the soundness of the
interface The core drilling should be 1 m above and below the
interface
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Sonic logging test
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Recap of bored pile construction
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What are the advantages of using bored piles?1. No risk of ground heave during bored pile
construction.2. Does not greatly affect ground water table
and hence not induce settlement. 3. Spoil can be inspected and compared with
site investigation data.
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What are the advantages of using bored piles?4. Large structural capacity 5. Construction with less noise and vibration.6. Can be installed to great depths, more than
100m7. Can overcome complicated geological
stratum, eg. multiple layers of rock, and underground obstructions
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Any Limitation?1. Need large working space for bored piling
plant to operate2. The construction duration cannot be
reduced substantially by simply increase the plant resources
3. Need proper access for mobilization of piling plant
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Any Limitation?
4. Require large quantity of water supply for piling operation
5. Excavation material requires disposal6. Concrete quality cannot be inspected as it
is cast underground and under water, except by coring
7. Need good workmanship to ensure the pile integrity
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Comparisons between bored pile, socket H-pile and precast
prestressed concrete pile.
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Bored pile Socket-H pile Precast prestressed concrete pile
Load bearing capacity
Higher Lower Lower
Number of piles required
Smaller Greater Greater
Noise level Low Low High (By hydraulic hammer)
Vibration level Low Low High(By hydraulic hammer)
Time of construction
Longer Shorter Shorter
Loading test No Yes Yes
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Bored pile Socket-H pile Precast prestressed concrete pile
Overcomeunderground settlement
Yes Yes Pre-boring is needed
Ground movement/settlement
Not significant May result in ground movement
May result in heave and ground movement
Depth limit Can be >100m Approximate limit: 80m-90m
Approximate limit: 60m-70m
Damage to surrounding structure
No or little damage
May result in large damage
May result in large damage
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Common Problems and Disputes.
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1. Excessive pile heads above cut-off level.
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2. Sound Concrete not found at cut-off level.Remedial Work required
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3. Verticality problem and offset out of tolerance.
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4. Poor concrete.
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5. Poor pile base interface.
Loose aggregate
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Examples of good pile base interface
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6. Pile necking.
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7. Where is Rockhead?Case 1:
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Case 2:
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Case 3:
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Case 4:
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END
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Q & A