Download - The Structure of US Constitution
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The Structure ofUS Constitution
Chapter 3 Sec. 1 & 2
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Preamble
The Preamble = Introduction States why the Constitution was written, 6
reasons:– 1. Form a more perfect union– 2. Establish Justice– 3. Insure Domestic tranquility– 4. Provide for the common defense– 5. Promote general welfare– 6. secure the blessings of liberty
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Article I: The Legislative Branch (p.68-70)
AKA: Congress Job: Make laws Bicameral: Made up of
two houses House of
Representatives Senate
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Article I:Legislative branch cont.
Article I is made up of 10 sections:– 1. power & make up– 2. term, qualifications, etc… – 3. Senate: term, Qual., etc..– 4. elections, meeting dates– 5. organization & rules of
procedure– 6. privileges & restrictions– 7. passing laws– 8. powers granted to congress– 9. powers denied to federal
government– 10. powers denied to states
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Article II: The Executive Branch (p. 70-71)
AKA: White House Job: to enforce laws 4 sections listed:
– 1. Pres. & V.P. term, election, qualifications
– 2. powers of president– 3. Duties of president– 4. Impeachment
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Article III: The Judicial Branch (72-73)
AKA: Supreme Court & all other Federal courts below
Job: to interpret laws based on the Constitution.
The smallest of three branches, but Judicial Review makes it as important
3 sections listed:– 1. Federal Courts– 2. Jurisdiction– 3. Treason
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Article IVRelations Among the States
This article ensures that each state recognizes the laws, court decisions, & records of all other states.
4 sections listed here:– 1. Official acts: it states the above– 2. Mutual duties of states– 3. New states & territories– 4. federal protection for states
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Article V: Amending the Constitution
The process by which the Constitution can be changed!
“We must never forget that it is … a constitution intended to endure for ages to come, and, consequently, to be adapted to the various crises of human affairs.” JM
What is the meaning of this quote?
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Article VINational Supremacy
AKA: The Supremacy Clause Has 3 parts:
– 1. All debts incurred during war & under the Articles of Confederation, are still owed
– 2. Federal laws are supreme in conflicts between state & national law
– 3. Oaths of office: no religious test shall be required for a job in govt.
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Article VIIRatification of the Constitution
Required 9/13 state approval to ratify 1st: Delaware 9th: New Hampshire 4th: Georgia 10 & 11: VA (10)& NY(3), most populated Last: Rhode Island
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Amendments
27 amendments in the Constitution Amend 1-10 aka: Bill of Rights (1791) Amend 11-27 passed from 1795-1992
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Article V: Amending Cont.
Found: Article V How: two ways
– Most popular way: proposed by 2/3 of congress & approved by ¾ state legislatures
– Overall: 4 different combinations to amend
– Congress has set a 7 year limit on the process
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Why would the Constitution be amended?
1. Simply laws have changed, or further clarified
2. President has requested change 3. Court decisions: with use of Judicial
Review to interpret the Constitution 4. Our political customs & traditions, ex.
Political parties
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Shared power & conflict (p.73-75)
The three branches must cooperate with each other to be effective, but conflict is inevitable.
Through checks & balances @ court hearings they create & control conflicts