![Page 1: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball
and Soccer
Ben Franks
Hist. 498
Prof. Burgos
![Page 2: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why?• Baseball and Integration focus of
class• What about other sports? Can other
sports provide a necessary discourse on integration in America?
• The U.S. national team contains many African-Americans
• Own experiences-soccer since kindergarten -why so little diversity in sport that every race/ethnicity plays around the world?
![Page 3: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Eto’o
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQv4aIXaGQ4&feature=related
• U.S. players have experienced racism playing for European clubs too
• What has the experience been in the U.S.?
![Page 4: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Timeline that Caught My Eye
• 1946-Gilbert Heron signs with Detroit Wolverines of NAFSL-becomes “first” black pro in the U.S. (Gonsalves and others were playing before this-got pass the color line)
*born in Jamaica• 1950-Haitian-born Joe Gaetjens scores goal over England• 1971-Howard University wins NCAA D-1 title• 1972-Otey Cannon becomes first African American to play in NASL• 1984-Eddie Hawkins becomes first American born black player to
play for U.S. National team• 1990-Desmond Armstrong and Jimmy Banks become first
American-born blacks to play in World Cup• 1994-Cobi Jones becomes first African American to play in English
Premier League
![Page 5: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Intro
• Discussion of Joe Gaetjens (the man who scored the goal to beat England in the 1950 World Cup)
• Haitian man thought of as “foreign” on the team despite having dark skin
• Correlation with the fluctuating color line in baseball
![Page 6: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Thesis
• “These differences of thought toward the two groups provides a realistic discourse on why American-born black men were kept from mainstream professional baseball diamonds and soccer fields for so long.”
![Page 7: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sections
• Definition of American Born/Foreign Born Black Men
• Immigrant Industrial Workers and Their Impact on Both Sports
• Focus on the Capitol and Other Cities
• TBD
• Post Racial-Lines in the Sports
![Page 8: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Definition of American Born/Foreign Born Black Men
• Section will discuss the fluctuating color line in baseball and soccer
• Why foreign born blacks are looked at differently in both sports
• Adelino “Billy” Gonsalves of Portuguese Descent
• Giles Hernon breaks soccer color line in 1946
![Page 9: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Immigrant Industrial Workers and Their Impact on Both Sports
• Section will discuss how teams in both sports started around industrial towns
• Gives workers a chance to “blow off steam after work”
• Barnstorming connections
• “Pilgrims” primary source
![Page 10: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Focus on Capitol and Other Cities
• Washington D.C. and the Grays
• Howard University’s soccer team
• Primary source from Chicago Defender
• St. Louis and racism (St. Louis University v. Howard University in soccer)
![Page 11: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TBD
• Need another section that will connect to the next
• Any suggestions?
![Page 12: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Post Racial-Lines in the Sports
• Section will focus on blacks in the sports today
• Why did black rise in the game and then decline
• RBI program• Similar programs for inner-city
soccer• Similarity b/w traveling youth
teams-what demographics play on these teams
![Page 13: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conclusion?
• As of right now….
• The story of integration in America can easily be seen through the lens of the institution of baseball, but by the story of soccer integration provides a significant compliment to the overall framework
![Page 14: The Story of Integration Through the Lens of American Baseball and Soccer](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56814ea8550346895dbc526b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Questions? Suggestions?