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The Steps of the Scientific Method
If it looks like a duck, and sounds like a duck…
Then it must be a duck!OR DOES IT?
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Making Observations
• Information is obtained using your senses
• Observations can lead to questions
• Questions can also arise simply by thinking about things
• Research is involved
• Questions lead to identifying problems
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Forming a Hypothesis
• This is a proposed answer to the question; a PREDICTION
• The hypothesis must be testable
• The hypothesis is written as an IF; THEN; BECAUSE statement
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Testing the Hypothesis
• Experiments are performed using variables
• Manipulated variable – deliberately changed in order to create a change in another variable (often called the independent variable)
• Responding variable – responds to the change caused by the manipulated variable (called the dependent variable)
• Controlled experiment – when only 1 variable is changed at a time
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Drawing Conclusions
• Data collected during an experiment must be analyzed and interpreted
• Information must be shared with others
• Was the original hypothesis supported by the results?
• If not, a new hypothesis must be formed and tested again
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Develop a Theory
• If the hypothesis was supported by the results of the experiment, then scientists can develop theories
• Theories are never proven; they become stronger as facts continue to support them
• If new facts disprove a theory, the entire process begins again and the old theory must be revised or replaced by a new theory
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Quick Review
What is a Scientific Theory and how does it differ from a Hypothesis?