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T H E 4 0 T H A N N I V E R S A R Y
THE STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT
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THE STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT
• Conducted in 1971 by Philip Zimbardo • Involved 24 students acting as “prisoners” or “guards” • Resulted in extreme adaptation to the roles
• Guards enforced authoritarian measures & used psychological torture to maintain control
• Prisoners accepted psychological abuse • Zimbardo (“prison superintendent”) permitted abuse to continue
• Focused on effect of deindividuation and anonymity on aggression.
• Well-documented, with many videos + photos available
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40 YEARS LATER…
• “Lord of the Flies” principle • Other deindividuation experiments tested
• Anonymous women inflict more pain than identifiable women • Masked children more aggressive with taking candy than identifiable
children on Halloween
• This deindividuation phenomenon spans many cultures • Cultures in which appearance is not altered prior to war only kill,
torture, or mutilate 10% of the time • Cultures in which appearance is altered (uniforms, war paint, masks,
hoods, etc.) kill, torture, or mutilate 90% of the time.
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MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS SINCE 1971
• “Discovering Psychology” • 26 programs on psychology • Formatted to be useable in classroom • Now commonly shown in high school psychology courses and
psychology courses around the world
• Shyness Clinic and Institute • Shyness as a connection between a clinical and social problem • Began with article in 1975 in Psychology Today • Experimental clinic eventually led to formal training and resource clinic
• Heroic Imagination Project • How can ordinary people be led to do extraordinarily good, heroic
things?
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SOURCES
• Zimbardo, Philip G. Stanford Prison Experiment. Social Psychology Network. Web. 6 Sept. 2015.
• Drury, Scott, Scott A. Hutchens, Duane E. Shuttlesworth, and Carole L. White. “Philip G. Zimbardo on His Career and the Stanford Prison Experiment’s 40th Anniversary.” History of Psychology 15.2 (2012): 161-70. Print.