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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
Origins and Consequences
Purge of Party members
Targets:
Sergei Kirov, killed Dec. 1934
Lev Kamenev, executed 1936
Grigorii Zinoviev, executed 1936
Stalin accuses at a “show trial”
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
Origins and Consequences
Army (especially officers)
Targets:
Marshal Mikhail Tukhashevky, executed 1937
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
Origins and Consequences
Intellectuals, artists, writers, religious figures
Targets:
Poet Osip Mandelstam, executed 1938
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
Origins and Consequences
Those who expressed opposition
Targets:
Arrival at the GULAG
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
Origins and Consequences
NKVD
Targets:
Lavrenti Beria
Nikolai Ezhov, head of the NKVD, executed 1939
“Ezhovshchina”
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
Numbers of victims
Myths & Controversies:
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
Reduced country to stunned silence
Myths & Controversies:
“Black Ravens”
Victims innocent of any opposition to Stalin
Workers vote for death penalty
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
Terror entirely directed from center (i.e. by Stalin)
Myths & Controversies:
Stalin signing death warrant
Purge committee
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
Creation of new consciousness
Myths & Controversies:
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THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T)
THE GREAT TERROR
Myths & Controversies:
Break with international communism
Break with Marxism-Leninism