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The Social-Cognitive Perspective
Unit 10 PresentationsPersonality
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DO-NOW
Locus of Control Testhttp://www.mccc.edu/~jenningh/Courses/documents/Rotter-locusofcontrolhandout.pdf
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Social-Cognitive Perspective
• Proposed by Albert Bandura (1925-today)
• Emphasizes the idea of personality as the combination of our traits, mental processes, and environment.
Conditioning, modeling behavior, observing others
Thinking about a situation
Interpreting and responding to external events
• How do you and your environment interact?
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Albert Bandura
• Canadian/American Psychologist
• Most well-known for creating the social learning theory, the social cognitive theory, and performing the Bobo Doll experiment.
• Emphasized Self-Efficacy, or one’s beliefs in one’s ability to achieve goals.
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Reciprocal Influences
• Reciprocal Determinism: The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and the environment.
Our personalities are both the products and the creators of our environments.
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Biopsychosocial Approach to Personality
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ACTIVITY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFmFOmprTt0 (teacher)
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/how-seligmans-learned-helplessness-theory-applies-to-human-depression-and-stress.html#lesson (Seligman)
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Personal Control
• Personal Control: The extent to which one believes they have control over their environment. The extent to which they are not helpless.
Learned Helplessness- When a person or animal feels as though they have no control over events, and come to feel helpless and hopeless.
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Personal Control
• External Locus of Control: When you believe that chance or forces outside of your control determine what happens to you.
Tend to be more depressed, less successful, and less independent.
• Internal Locus of Control: When you believe that you control what happens to you.
Tend to achieve more, have better health and be less depressed.
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Julian Rotter
• American Psychologist• Best known for his
ideas on social learning theory and creating the Internal-External Scale.
• Theorized that one’s expected outcome of a behavior affected their motivation to participate in that behavior.
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Roy Baumeister
• American Psychologist• Studied Self-Control:
The ability of a person to control their actions and experience delayed gratification.
• Found that exerting control over impulses takes energy and must be strengthened through “exercise”.
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Optimism vs. Pessimism
• How one explains positive and negative events can affect or demonstrate how in control or helpless they feel.
Students who are pessimistic would say that, after failing a test, they did so because “I’m stupid” or that “there’s nothing I can do about it”. (Lack of control, helplessness)
Students who are optimistic would say they failed a test because “I needed to study more” or “I didn’t make enough of an effort”. (In control of situation.)
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Positive Psychology
• Positive Psychology: The scientific study of optimal human functioning. Has 3 pillars.
• Positive Emotions:
Pursuing happiness and satisfaction with life.
• Positive Character:
Creativity, courage, compassion, leadership, self-control.
• Positive Groups:
Healthy families, effective schools, civil dialogue, community
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Review
• What is the Social-Cognitive Perspective on Personality?
Reciprocal Determinism?
• How does learned helplessness affect one’s optimism, feelings of self-worth, and sense of control?