The SMART ReactorThe SMART Reactor
4th Annual Asian-Pacific Nuclear Energy Forum
2010. 6. 18-19
Won Jae Lee ([email protected])
4th Annual Asian-Pacific Nuclear Energy Forum
2010. 6. 18-19
Won Jae Lee ([email protected])
ContentsContents
I. Introduction
II. SMART Design Features
III. SMART Project
IV. Summary & Conclusions
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IV. Summary & Conclusions
I. IntroductionI. Introduction
� Nuclear, a Resolution to Energy, Water & Environment Issues
Oil
37%
Nuclear
6%
Renewables
8%
EIA (2007)
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Natual Gas
23%
Coal
26%
37%
6%
Role of Nuclear
Richard Smalley , Energy & Nanotechnology Conference, Rice University, Houston, May 3, 2003
� Small & Medium Reactors can provide Flexible Resolution to Energy, Water & Environmental Issues
� Electricity to Countries with
- Limited or Distributed Electricity Grid System
- Limited Financial Resources for a Large Nuclear Power Plant
� Combined Electricity and Process Heat to
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- Industrial Complexes: High Pressure Steam
- Arid Regions: Water Desalination
- Freezing Regions: District Heating
� SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) is being developed by KAERI
II. SMART Design FeaturesII. SMART Design Features
Pressurizer
Loop Type PWR SMART(System-integrated Modular Advance
ReacTor)
• Integrated Primary
System
• Inherent Safety
Features
• Advanced Digital Man-
Machine Interface
Innovative Design
Canned Motor Pump
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Helical Steam Generator
X X
XX XX
Core
Enhanced Reactor Safety: No LBLOCAFlexible Applications: Electricity, HeatEarly Deployment: Proven Technology
SMART 330MWth ApplicationSMART 330MWth Application
Plant DataPlant Data
� Power : 330 MWth
� Water : 40,000 t/day
� Electricity: 90 MWe
� Power : 330 MWth
� Water : 40,000 t/day
� Electricity: 90 MWe
Electricity
330MWth Integral PWRElectricity Generation, Desalination and/or District Heating
SMART
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Electricity and Fresh Water Supply to a City of 100,000 PopulationSuitable for Small Grid Size or Distributed Power System
� Electricity: 90 MWe� Electricity: 90 MWe
SeawaterPotable water
Desalination Plant
IntakeFacilities
Condensate
Pump
Brine Blowdown
Pump
Distillate
Pump
To Outfall
Steam Supply
Feed
Seawater
Final
Condenser
Flash
Condenser
Main Ejector
Scale Inhivitor
Feed Water
1st Effect 2nd Effect 3rd Effect Last Effect
Vent Ejector
Steam
SteamTransformer
NSSS - RPVNSSS - RPV
� All Primary Components in
a Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV)
� 8 Helical Once-through SG’s
� 4 Canned Motor Pumps
� Internal Steam Pressurizer
� 25 Magnetic Jack type CRDM’s
Control Rod Drive Mechanism
ICI Nozzles
Reactor Closure Head
Reactor Coolant Pump
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25 Magnetic Jack type CRDM’s
� RPV Internals
- Upper Guide Structure
- Core Support Barrel
� RPV
� 6.5m (D) X 18.5m (H)
� Design Condition: 17MPa, 360oC
� Reactor Life > 60 yrs
Steam Nozzle
Feed Water Nozzle
Reactor Vessel Support
RPV Thermal-HydraulicsRPV Thermal-Hydraulics
� Major Flow Path to Minimize Cross Flow in the Upper Guide Structure (UGS)
� Flow Mixing Header Assembly (FMHA) provides Thermal Mixing in case of TH Asymmetry
� Major TH Parameters
Parameter Value
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Pressure, MPa
Core Average Mass Flux, kg/m2s
Maximum Core Bypass, %
Average Rod Heat Flux, kW/m2
Core Inlet Temperature, oC
SG Inlet, oC
Steam Superheating, oC
Fuel Thermal Margin, %
15
1361
4.0
360
295.7
323
30
> 15
UGS
FMHA
Fuel & CoreFuel & Core
� Fuel
� Proven 17 x 17 LEU Fuel with Reduced Height
� Peak Rod Burn-up > 60GWD/MTU
� Core
� 57 Fuel Assemblies
� Fuel Cycle Length > 3 yrs
12 8 12 8 12
8 12 8 12 8
12 8 12 8 12
12 8 12
12 8 12
A B C D E F G H J
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
90°
0°180°
84 4
84 4
4
4
8
4
4
8
8
8 8
8
8
88
8
24
24
24
24
20
20
20
20
20
20 20
20
20
20
20
20
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� Fuel Cycle Length > 3 yrs
� Availability Factor > 95%
� Proven Reactivity Control
� External CRDM
� Soluble Boron
� Burnable Poison
� 60 yrs of On-site Spent Fuel Storage
270°
2.82 w/o U-235 21 FA
4.88 w/o U-235 36 FA
N indicates No. of UO2+Gd2O3 fuel rods.
N
N
S2 S1 S1 S2
R1 R3 R1 R3 R1
S2 S1 S1 S2
R2 R3 R2
S2 S2
R1
R1
S2 S2
R2 R3 R2
A B C D E F G H J
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
90°
270°
0°180°
Regulating Bank
Shutdown Bank
R
S
Fluid SystemsFluid Systems
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SafetySafety
� Core Damage Frequency < 10-6/RY
� Inherent Safety
� No Large Break: Vessel Penetration < 2” (None from RPV Bottom)
� Large Primary Coolant Inventory
� No Return-to-Power by Excessive Cooling
� Low Vessel Fluence
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� Low Vessel Fluence
� Engineered Safety Features
� Passive Residual Heat Removal System (4 Train)
- Natural Circulation Cooling of SG from Secondary Side
� Safety Injection System (4 Train)
- Direct Vessel Injection from IRWST
� Containment Spray Systems (2 Train)
� Shutdown Cooling System (2 Train)
Accident AnalysisAccident Analysis
0 5 10 15
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0M
DN
BR
Time [sec]
Main Steam Line Break Complete Loss of Flow
DNBR Limit = 1.1
0 2 4 6 8 100.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400M
ax
imu
m fu
el C
/L te
mp
era
ture
[K]
Co
re p
ow
er
fra
cti
on
Time [sec]
Rod Ejection
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0 500 1000 1500 2000
12
14
16
18
20
Feedwater Line Break CVCS Malfunction
Pre
ss
uri
ze
r P
res
su
re [
MP
a]
Time [sec]
Pressure Limit = 18.7 MPa
0 1800 3600 5400 7200
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Hot side collapsed level
Le
ve
l [m
]
Time [sec]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Break Flow
SI Flow
Flo
w R
ate
[kg
/sec]
SBLOCA (2" SI Line Break)
Time [sec] Time [sec]
Digital MMISDigital MMIS
� Fully Digitalized I&C System: DSP Platform
� 4 Channel Safety/Protection System and Communication
� 2 Channel Non-Safety System
� Advanced Human-Interface Control Room
� Ecological Interface Design
� Alarm ReductionAISCEDM ERFICCMSIPSMCCMCPMCR
: Alarm and Indication System: Control Element Drive Mechanism: Emergency Response Facility: Inadequate Core Cooling Monitoring System: Information Processing System: Motor Control Center: Main Coolant Pump: Main Control Room
AISCEDM ERFICCMSIPSMCCMCPMCR
: Alarm and Indication System: Control Element Drive Mechanism: Emergency Response Facility: Inadequate Core Cooling Monitoring System: Information Processing System: Motor Control Center: Main Coolant Pump: Main Control Room
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Alarm Reduction
� Elastic Tile AlarmRSR RCR TSC ERF
ISOSafetyInterface Network
Non-safetyInterface Network
PAM-D
SGSC
NSGSC
NSGSC SGSCNSGSC NSGSC
Display such as Information (IPS), Indication (AIS) and Alarm (AIS)
LDP
Field Sensors Field Sensors Ex-Core Detectors MCC NIMS Sensors Ex-Core Detector Field SensorsCEDM
MCPMCC MCC
Non-SafetyBackbone Network
SafetyShutdownControlPanel
Main Control Panel
Auxiliary Control Panel
MCRNISNSGSCPAM -DPIS POCS PPSPRCSRCRRSRSCOPS SDCSSGCSSGSCSMSSSTSC
: Main Control Room: Nuclear Instrumentation System: Non -Safety Grade Soft Controller: PAM Display: Process Instrumentation System: POwer Control System: Plant Protection System: PRocess Control System: Rad waste Control Room: Remote Shutdown Room: SMART COre Protection System : SeconDary Control System: Safety Grade Control System: Safety Grade Soft Controller: Specific Monitoring System: Sub -network Switch: Technical Support Center
RSR RCR TSC ERF
ISOSafetyInterface Network
Non-safetyInterface Network
PAM-D
SGSC
NSGSC
NSGSC SGSCNSGSC NSGSC
Display such as Information (IPS), Indication (AIS) and Alarm (AIS)
LDP
Field Sensors Field Sensors Ex-Core Detectors MCC NIMS Sensors Ex-Core Detector Field SensorsCEDM
MCPMCC MCC
Non-SafetyBackbone Network
SafetyShutdownControlPanel
Main Control Panel
Auxiliary Control Panel
MCRNISNSGSCPAM -DPIS POCS PPSPRCSRCRRSRSCOPS SDCSSGCSSGSCSMSSSTSC
: Main Control Room: Nuclear Instrumentation System: Non -Safety Grade Soft Controller: PAM Display: Process Instrumentation System: POwer Control System: Plant Protection System: PRocess Control System: Rad waste Control Room: Remote Shutdown Room: SMART COre Protection System : SeconDary Control System: Safety Grade Control System: Safety Grade Soft Controller: Specific Monitoring System: Sub -network Switch: Technical Support Center
ConstructionConstruction
� Footprint
� 300 x 300m for Electricity System
� 200 x 300m for Desalination System
� Construction Period
3 yrs
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� 3 yrs
� Economics (as of ’07)
� Construction Cost: $5000/kWe
� O&M Cost: ~ 6.1¢/kWh (Lower than Hydro Power)
III. SMART ProjectIII. SMART Project
Standard Design Approval (SDA) by 2011(256th & 257th Atomic Energy Commission)
Safety/Performance SET
2009 2010 2011 2012
SBLOCA IET (VISTA)
Design Tools & Methods
Licensing Support & Additional Tests
TechnologyValidation
TechnologyValidation
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Standard Design
Licensing Review
Standard Design Approval
SMART-ITL Construction and Startup Tests
Licensing Support
Pre-Safety Review
Key Technologies Validation
SDA Application
DomesticConstruction
DomesticConstruction
Constructability Construction Project
Integral System Validation Tests
Decision for Construction
Standard Design
Standard Design
LicensingLicensing
Project OrganizationProject Organization
GovernmentGovernment
KAERIKAERI
Standard DesignStandard DesignTechnology ValidationTechnology Validation
KEPCO ConsortiumKEPCO Consortium
Project Manage.Project Manage.
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Standard DesignStandard DesignTechnology ValidationTechnology Validation
NSSS Design
NSSS Design
Fuel Design
Fuel Design
BOP Design
BOP Design
Comp. Design
Comp. Design
� Technology Validation Project: $58M from Government
� Standard Design Project: $83M from KEPCO Consortium
KAERIKAERI
KEPCO KEPCO ConsortiumConsortium
SMART ConsortiumSMART Consortium
� KEPCO Consortium was officially Inaugurated on June 14, 2010
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KAERIKAERI
Technology Validation ProjectTechnology Validation Project
Technology ValidationTechnology Validation StandardDesign
StandardDesign
Safety Tests Performance Tests
� Core SET• Freon CHF• Water CHF
� Safety SET• Safety Injection• Helical SG Heat Transfer• Condensation HX Heat
Transfer
� Core SET• Freon CHF• Water CHF
� Safety SET• Safety Injection• Helical SG Heat Transfer• Condensation HX Heat
Transfer
� Fuel Assembly• Out-of-Pile Mech./Hydr.
� RPV TH• RPV Flow Distribution• Flow Mixing Header Ass.• Integral Steam PZR• PZR Level Measurement
� Components
� Fuel Assembly• Out-of-Pile Mech./Hydr.
� RPV TH• RPV Flow Distribution• Flow Mixing Header Ass.• Integral Steam PZR• PZR Level Measurement
� Components
� Code Devel/V&V• Safety: TASS/SMR-S• Core TH: MATRA-S• Core Protec./Monitor.
� Design Methodology• DNBR Analysis• Accident Analysis
(SBLOCA, LOFA, …)
� Code Devel/V&V• Safety: TASS/SMR-S• Core TH: MATRA-S• Core Protec./Monitor.
� Design Methodology• DNBR Analysis• Accident Analysis
(SBLOCA, LOFA, …)
Tools & Methods
Des
ign
Da
ta
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Transfer� Integral Effect Tests
• VISTA SBLOCA• SMART-ITL
� Integral Effect Tests• VISTA SBLOCA• SMART-ITL
� Digital MMIS• Control Unit Platform• Communication Switch• Integral Safety System
� Digital MMIS• Control Unit Platform• Communication Switch• Integral Safety System
� Components• RCP Hydrodynamics• RPV Internals Dynamics• SG Tube Irradiation• Helical SG ISI• In-core Instrumentation
• RCP Hydrodynamics• RPV Internals Dynamics• SG Tube Irradiation• Helical SG ISI• In-core Instrumentation
(SBLOCA, LOFA, …) • Integral Rx Dynamics• Integral Rx Dynamics
V&VV&V
Technical ReportsTechnical Reports
� Digital MMIS• MMI Human Interface• Control Room FSDM
� Digital MMIS• MMI Human Interface• Control Room FSDM
StandardSAR
StandardSAR
Standard Design ApprovalStandard Design ApprovalStandard Design ApprovalStandard Design Approval
Des
ign
Da
ta
Digital MMIS Safety SystemDigital MMIS Control Room
Standard Design ProjectStandard Design Project
NSSS Design
Licensing Review
Current Stage
Next Stage
NSSS Design
Licensing Review
Current Stage
Next Stage
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Fuel BOP Design
Construction
Component Design Fuel BOP Design
Construction
Component Design
Future PlansFuture Plans
� Licensing
� Licensing Authority: MEST technically supported by KINS
� Under Pre-Safety Review by KINS in 2010
� Standard Design Approval Application by the End of 2010
� Standard Design Approval by the End of 2011
� Domestic Construction
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� Domestic Construction
� KEPCO is setting up a Plan for Domestic Construction of a FOAK SMART by the End of 2010
� Decision for Domestic Construction by Government is expected in 2011, then, Conventional Two-step Licensing will follow
IV. Summary & ConclusionsIV. Summary & Conclusions
� SMART is a Viable Option for Early Deployment in Small & Medium Reactor Market
� Enhanced Safety & Operability by Advanced Design Features
� Economic Feasibility
� Flexible Applications for both Electricity and Heat
� Low Risk by Proven & Fully Validated Technologies
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� KEPCO Consortium strengthens the SMART Viability
� Certified SMART Design will be available for Commercial Use in 2012 after the SMART Standard Design Approval
KAERI + KOPEC + KNF + DOOSAN
KEPCO Consortium
Project Management
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KNF + DOOSAN
World-Class Technology Provider
Project ManagementMarketingFinancing
Brand Power
SMART Team will make it SMART
Thank you Thank you Thank you Thank you
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Thank you Thank you for your attention !for your attention !
Thank you Thank you for your attention !for your attention !