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THE SKIN OR INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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Remember the outer portion of the skin is an example of what type of
tissue?
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Epithelia Tissue
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FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
• PROTECTION• THERMOREGULATION
• CUTANEOUS SENSATION• PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN D
• BLOOD RESERVOIR• EXCRETION
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LAYERS OF THE SKIN
EPIDERMIS
DERMIS
HYPODERMIS
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EPIDERMIS
• THICK• KERATINIZED
• STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM• 4-5 SUBLAYERS
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LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS
• STRATUM BASALE• STRATUM SPINOSUM
• STRATUM GRANULOSUM• STRATUM LUCIDUM• STRATUM CORNEUM
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STRATUM BASALE
• THE DEEPEST EPIDERMAL LAYER• A SINGLE ROW OF LIVING CELLS
• RAPID CELL DIVISION• 10-25% OF THESE CELLS ARE
MELANOCYTES
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STRATUM BASALE
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STRATUM SPINOSUM
• SEVERAL LAYERS OF LIVING CELLS
• CELL DIVISION IS SLOWER THAN BASALE
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STRATUM SPINOSUM
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STRATUM GRANULOSUM
• THIN, LIVING LAYER OF CELLS
• KERATINOCYTES WATERPROOF IN THIS LAYER
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STRATUM GRANULOSUM
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STRATUM LUCIDUM
• DEAD CELLS
• LOCATED ONLY IN THICK SKIN (PALMS OF HANDS & SOLES OF FEET)
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STRATUM LUCIDUM
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STRATUM CORNEUM
• DEAD CELLS
• SERVES TO PROTECT
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STRATUM CORNEUM
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THE DERMIS
HAIR FOLLICLES, OIL & SWEAT GLANDS ARE FOUND HERE
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EPIDERMIS
DERMIS
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HAIR & ITS FUNCTIONS
• WARMTH; IT PREVENTS HEAT LOSS
• DETECT INSECTS ON THE SKIN
• PROTECTION
• FILTER PARTICLES
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FACTS ABOUT HAIR
• ABOUT 100,000 IN THE SCALP
• ABOUT 30, 000 IN A MAN’S BEARD
• RATE OF HAIR GROWTH AVERAGES 2 mm/WEEK
• HAIR LOSS AVERAGES 90 HAIRS/DAY
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HAIR LOSS• ALOPECIA: HAIR THINNING AND BALDNESS
CAUSES OF HAIR LOSS
• HIGH FEVER• SURGERY
• SEVERE EMOTIONAL TRAUMA• CERTAIN DRUGS
• EXCESSIVE VITAMIN A• CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS
• RADIATION• GENETICS
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MOST IMPORTANT
• POOR NUTRITION (ESPECIALLY LACK OF ENOUGH PROTEIN)
• HORMONAL IMBALANCES