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The SKA approach to sustainable research
Simon Berry, SKA Organisation
25th June 2019
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SKA1-LOW: 50 – 350 MHzPhase 1: ~130,000 antennas across 65km
SKA1-Mid: 350 MHz – 24 GHz
Phase 1: 200 15-m dishes across
150 km
SKA: HQ in UK; telescopes in AUS & RSA
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SKA Precursor: MeerKAT
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Italy Sweden South Africa
Canada
India/UK/South Africa
SKA-P2: Karoo (China/Germany/Italy), 24 April 2019
Hardware in South Africa
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Hardware in Australia
NL/Aus/NZ
AAVS1: AU/IT/NL/UK
1.6MW solar/battery power station: operational
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SKA HQ: Jodrell Bank, UK
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SKA: A global Research Infrastructure
May 2018
July 2018
April 2019
March 2019Potential Future Members
+…..
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Timeline
Key dates:
• Q1 2019: Convention signing
• Q4 2020: Construction activity begins
• Q3 2023: Science Commissioning starts, community involved
• 2027/8: SKA1 construction complete
• 2028 onwards – full science operations
• 2030’s: construction upgrade to SKA2
• ……science and operations ongoing
✅
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Long term Sustainability
• Multi-decade lifetime
• Encompassing national facilities
• Multi-phased construction• Ongoing upgrades
• Periods of construction, operation and overlapping construction and operation
• Host countries as partners not ‘landlords’
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Sustainable governance
• SKA Organisation member governments agreed to develop an Intergovernmental Organisation in 2015
• Rationale:
– Appropriate for a genuinely global research infrastructure of SKA’s scale
– Government commitment: political stability, funding stability
– A level of independence in structure
– ‘Freedom to operate’, specifically through procurement process, employment rules etc
• Building an organisation based on successful IGOs such as CERN, ESO, ESA etc
• Negotiations started October 2015 – led by Italian government.
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Convention signing – 12th March
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Cosmic Dawn(First Stars and Galaxies)
Galaxy Evolution(Normal Galaxies z~2-3)
Cosmology(Dark Matter, Large Scale Structure)
Cosmic Magnetism(Origin, Evolution)
Cradle of Life(Planets, Molecules, SETI)
Testing General Relativity(Strong Regime, Gravitational Waves)
Exploration of the Unknown
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CTA: 2024
ATHENA:
2028
JWST: 2020
ALMA: operational
SKA: 2028
21st Century
Observatories
ELT: 2024
LIGO: operational
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Footer text
Image: EHT Collaboration
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Colloquium - December 2018 18
Computing Challenges (SKA1)SKA-LOW
SKA-MID
7.2Tb/s
8.8Tb/s
~50PFlops
~5Tb/s
~250PFlops
34Gb/s~130PB/yr
~2Pb/s
AWS, IBM,
Google,
Nvidia
SGI, Intel,
…
~600 PB/yr
Global Traffic in 2020 ~500 Tb/s
(over 600 km)
@Cape Town
SKA Regional Centres
@Perth
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Cardiff Seminar, 16 May 2018
SKA Regional Centres (c.f. CERN Computing Grid)
Observatory Data Products flow from the Science Data Processors inPerth and Cape Town to SRCs around the globe
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• Now:– Already ‘local’ impacts (on sites and in hosting countries) happening
and evidence there: real economic and other factors being tracked now– Looking ahead to ‘real direct’ impacts: industrial contracts and IP in
construction
• Soon:– Construction phase activities: ‘juste retour’, innovation impacts, policy
impacts– Continuation of hosting country impacts, and broader global
involvement/outcomes– Science preparation
• Later:– Science impacts and returns– Operations phase ‘juste retour’?
• Later still:– Subsequent construction phases…..– Subsequent operations phases…..– Science…. etc
Socio-economic impact and innovation
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Innovation, generation of new IPEconomic return from innovation
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• SKAO involved in OECD, ESFRI, RI-PATHS and other discussions on impact:– Aim to have central reporting
framework in place– Resource base for stakeholders to
access relevant impact information
• STFC report on UK-SKA impacts and economic benefits – August 2018
Tracking impact
Footer text
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Local impacts: South Africa
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Industry activityContractsLabour and employment
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Site activities: Australia
• Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA) with the Wajarri aboriginal group of the region required
• Scope includes direct monetary benefits to a trust fund managed by them
• Indirect monetary benefits includes:
– Employment and contracting opportunities
– Liaison and business development officers
– Education : cadetships, apprenticeships, mentoring, school visits
– Support for art programmes
– Cultural: support for Wajarri cultural displays for interpretive centres
– Value ~€10’sM
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@astroantwww.skatelescope.org
UN/Italy Open Universe Workshop, Vienna, 20-22 Nov 2017 26
Societal impact
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Public appeal…
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• SETI: huge public interest
• Significant private investment already
• Careful balance needed in future – science priorities vs other agendas
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• SKA at critical point:– Design activities moving towards construction
readiness
– Poised for new organization being established
– Huge national momentum and visibility already in South Africa and Australia
– SKA Observatory will create global entity
– Science primary driver, but careful planning already underway for ongoing sustainability through project lifetime
Conclusions
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