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The Scottish Wars
of Independence
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Key topics and
areas you will
discover during
this course.
How many have
you already
heard of?
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Collect a
copy of the
starter image
to stick in
your jotter
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Alexander III
(b.1241
Margaret
(b.1240m
1251
Margaret
(b.1260
Alexander
(b.1264
David
(b.1272
d.1275)
d.1281)
m
1281
Erik of Norway
(b.1268 d.1299)
m
1282
Margaret
(b.1265 d.1331)
Margaret
(b.1283
d.1283)d.1284)
No children
m
1285
Yolande
(b.1263 d.1330) d.1286)
No children
d.1290)
OMG
Turn your jotter on
its side and copy the
family tree of King
Alexander III as we
learn why Scotland
was plunged into
crisis in 1286
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Read page 3 of the
booklet to find out
the circumstances
of King Alexander’s
death
Then look at the
instructions on page
4 to write your own
poem about
Alexander!
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...he would neither be deterred by stress of weather nor yield to the persuasion of his nobles, but straightaway hurried along the road to Queensferry, in order to visit his bride, that is to say Yolande, daughter of the Comte de Dreux at Kinghorn
The Chronicle of Lanercost
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Poem ExemplarAlexander rode out on a stormy night
He wasn’t frightened, he had Kinghorn in sightHe galloped on his horse to Fife
Where he could meet up with his beloved young wifeBut sadly for him, from a cliff his horse fell
Or so I have heard the rumours do tellAnd because his horse had taken a tumble
It has left the Scottish Kingdom in a crumble
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Margaret: Maid of NorwayRead page 4 of the booklet to
find out why the plan to send
for Alexander’s grand-
daughter in Norway ends in
disaster
Now answer the questions on
page 5 remembering to use
full and proper answers and
swap your jotter with another
pupil for some paired marking
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Click on the image
to watch a 3
minute summary
of our story so far
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The Search for a King
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King Edward I of England is
invited to choose the next
King of Scotland
OR
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Watch the 4
minute clip to see
which of the
claimants was
chosen by King
Edward
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Let’s see why John Balliol had
a better claim to be the next
King of Scotland than Robert
Bruce
Hang on to your hats……..
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King Malcolm Queen Margaretm
Edward Edmund Ethelred Edgar Alexander David Edith Mary
1070
Alexander David
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Alexander DavidDavid Matildam
Alexander II
Alexander III
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Robert Margaret John Henry Isobel Ada Matilda
David Matildam
Alan Robert
Bruce
Dervorgila
m m
John
Balliol
Robert
BruceVersus
I’m the
oldest so
I win!
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Now let’s read pages
6 and 7 of the
booklet to find out
why King John
becomes known as
the Puppet King
When you finish
answering the
questions collect a
copy of King John’s
Seal to colour in and
stick in your jotter
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The Puppet King?
Now see the instructions at the bottom of
page 8 to recreate an interview between a
news reporter, King John and King Edward!
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The Puppet King?
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The Puppet King?
• King John signed an
agreement with the
French called the Auld
Alliance
• Edward ripped the
Lion Rampant from
John’s tunic
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Edward in Scotland
• Edward wanted to
show the Scots he was
in charge.
• King John’s seal was
destroyed and all the
castles of Scotland
were taken over
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Edward in Scotland
• Edward took the
Holy Rood of St
Margaret.
• The Stone of Destiny
was sent down to
Westminster Abbey
in London
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Edward in Scotland
• All Scottish
nobles had to
sign the Ragman
Rolls declaring
their loyalty to
Edward
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Watch the 6 minute clip to see more of
Scotland’s ‘darkest winter’ of 1296
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Now design
your own seal
for the Ragman
Roll for 1N
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Who was William Wallace?
What do you know about
William Wallace?
Watch and listen to the
Horrible Histories song on
the next slide to find out
some more about Scotland’s
‘Braveheart’….
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Now read page 10
of the booklet,
collect a copy of the
Wallace image to
stick in your jotter
and copy the
Wallace facts from
page 11
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The Struggle Begins
Watch the clip (3m 28secs) to find out why William Wallace is a wanted man!
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So Wallace has killed William
Heselrig, the Sheriff of Lanark,
and is now being hunted by the
English. Look at the instructions
on page 12 for your Wallace
Wanted Poster!
WANTEDDEAD or ALIVE
William Wallace
Think of the information you
might want to include on your
poster…..
• What has he done?
• How will you get people to
hand him in?
• What do they do if they
capture or kill him?
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The Battle of Stirling Bridge
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Did you spot anything missing from Hollywood’s
version of the Battle of Stirling Bridge?.....
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When Two Sides Go To War!
English Army
Around 10,000 in total.
Well trained, well equipped & well paid.– 2,000 knights
– 7,000 infantry
Set up camp at Stirling Castle
The English army expected the Scots to surrender in fear.
Scots Army
Around 5,300 in total
Poorly equipped but passionate
- 300 cavalry
- 5,000 infantry
Set up camp on the Abbey
Craig.
The English would have to
cross the bridge to reach them.
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So let’s take a
look at pages 13
and 14 of our
booklet to see
what really
happened............
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Storyboard Task
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Storyboard Example
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Peer Assessment
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A Summary of the Battle of Stirling Bridge
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The Battle of FalkirkSo Wallace is a Scottish hero and King Edward’s chance for revenge comes at
Falkirk in 1298…… watch this clip from ‘Braveheart’ to see who wins….
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Unfortunately this is a
classic example of movie
makers changing the
facts for their film……..
read pages 15 and 16 to
find out what really
happened…… and get
ready for some Maths
questions!
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A Summary of the Battle of Falkirk
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The Death of William Wallace
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The Betrayal of William WallaceAfter his defeat at Falkirk, Wallace meets with
Sir John de Menteith, to discuss revenge on the English
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The Betrayal of William WallaceSo on 5th August 1305, Wallace heads to the estate of Robert the Bruce for the
meeting to discuss attacking England……
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The Trial of William Wallace
Wallace’s trial is held on the 22nd August 1305 at Westminster Hall
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The Trial and Death of William Wallace
Would the outcome for William Wallace have been any different if he had had a lawyer and witnesses
to speak on his behalf?
Imagine you were William Wallace’s lawyer at his trial. Write
a short paragraph to describe how you would have defended him, would you have called any
witnesses to speak on his behalf?
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Wallace was taken to Smithfield, London on the 23rd August 1305 for execution……
The Death of William Wallace
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The Death and Legacy of William Wallace
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The Trial of William Wallace
• So clearly William Wallace did not a fair trail – now is your chance to show what might have happened if he did!
• Would the outcome have been any different if Wallace had had a lawyer and witnesses to speak on his behalf ?
• Listen carefully to your teacher’s instructions because everyone will have a part to play!
• We need pupils to play……• William Wallace• King Edward
• Wallace’s Lawyer• Edward’s Lawyer• Robert the Bruce
• Sir John de Menteith• And many witnesses….
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Hot Seating!
The teacher will put you into groups and each
group should come up with 5 questions to ask
whoever is in the hot seat. Only one person should answer for the group so
remember to discuss before answering!
The questions can be about any area of the topic
so far
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Who Was Robert the Bruce?
• Look at the family tree on the following page….. Can you see why Robert the Bruce declared himself the next King of Scotland?
• After you have examined the Bruce Family Tree read the background to Robert the Bruce on page 18 to see why we he was declared the rightful King of Scotland
• After you have answered the 4 questions on Bruce, collect a copy of the family tree to stick in your jotter.
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• What you don’t know is that Robert the Bruce had a rival to the throne of Scotland.
• Just like his grandfather, Robert Bruce who lost to John Balliol, Robert the Bruce was up against John Comyn (the nephew of John Balliol) to become the next King of Scotland
• And then on the 10th February 1306 this happened…..
However…….
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And the Bruce went on the run…..
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Now read the full story
of the murder and it’s
consequences on page
20 of the booklet…..
And instead of
answering the questions
on page 21, use a double
page of your jotter to
copy the following slide
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Robert the
Bruce
v
John Comyn
Bruce kills Comyn
in Greyfriars
Church, Dumfries
Bruce is
excommunicated from
the Catholic Church
Bruce is declared
King of Scotland
March 25th 1306
The Scots are crushed
at the Battle of
Methven 19th June 1306
Bruce fights a
guerrilla war with the
English between
1307 and 1314
Only one castle remained in English
hands, Stirling, and the two armies
would meet on the battlefield of
Bannockburn on 23rd June 1314
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So the stage is set for one of the greatest battles in British history……
read pages 22 and 23 to find out what happened next…
The Battle of Bannockburn
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A summary of the Battle of Bannockburn….
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Now that you have
answered the
numeracy questions on
page 24, design your
own family coat of
arms just like the one
the Bruce used for his
famous victory at
Bannockburn
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The Declaration of Arbroath
So Robert the Bruce has defeated the English in
Scotland’s most famous battle victory…. however he
still has two major problems
Edward II still does not
recognise Scotland as an
independent country
Robert cannot be the
rightful King while he is
still excommunicated
Who can Robert contact to fix this?
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The Declaration of Arbroath
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The Declaration of Arbroath
Our nation lived in freedom until the King of the English came andcommitted deeds of cruelty, massacre and violence. The other outrageshe committed cannot be described.
But from these evils we have been set free by the help of King Robert.For him we shall fight to the death, and come what may, we mean tostand.
For as long as but a hundred of us remain alive, never will we be broughtunder English rule. It is not for glory, nor riches, nor honours that we arefighting, but for freedom alone, which no honest man gives up but withlife itself.
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The Declaration of Arbroath
Using the scroll, imagine you are
Pope JohnXXII, you have to reply
to the people of Scotland.
a) Will you recognise Scotland as
an independent country?
b) Will you acknowledge Robert
the Bruce as the rightful King
of Scotland?
c) Will you remove Robert the
Bruce’s excommunication from
the Catholic Church?
To the people of Scotland
Remember this is an assessed piece
of extended writing
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Click on the link to see the Pope’s response…
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Read page 27 to find out the conclusion to the Scottish Wars
of Independence then watch the summary clip below.