The Science of Marine Biology
Chapter 1
The Science of Marine Biology
Nearly all disciplines of biology are represented
Oceanography Geological ocanographersChemical oceanographersPhysical oceanographers
The History of Marine Biology
Archaeologists have found remains of “clambakes” from the Stone Age
Tomb of an Egyptian pharaoh shows warning signs
What is good to eat? What is bad to eat?
Ancient Pacific Islanders passed down knowledgeUsing wind, wave, and current patterns to navigate
vast distances
Phoenicians – first accomplished western navigators Mediterranean, Black Sea, Indian Ocean
Aristotle Considered the first
marine biologist Gills
History of Marine Biology Scientific Inquiry came to a
grinding halt in most of Europe.
9th and 10th centuries the Vikings continued to explore the northern Atlantic.
Leif Eriksson – North America. A.D. 995
1492- Christopher Columbus
1519- Ferdinand Magellan
James Cook An English sea captain.
One of the first to make scientific observations Included a full time
naturalist among his crew
3 voyages (1768) Explored all the oceans First European to see
Antarctic ice fields First to land in Hawaii,
New Zeland, Pacific Islands
Chromometer
Charles Darwin1831 – HMS Beagle
Primary mission – map coastlines
Theory of evolution by natural selection
Coral Reef Atoll
Nets to capture plankton
Challenger ExpeditionPage 6
Who is Edward Forbes?
What contributions to marine biology did he make?
Who funded Forbe and his crew on the first major oceanographic expedition?
How long did the expedition last?
How long did it take to publish all the information gathered?
What made the Challenger Expedition so monumental?
The Growth of Marine LabsSmall ships with limited room for scientists
Studied using the dead material and organisms brought back
Curiosity! How did these organisms live and function?
Couldn’t study the ocean from ships so they studied it from the shoreLive organisms
Limited equipment Needed facilities (woods hole)
WWII- SonarMajor effect on development in Marine Biology.
New Technology
Sound Navigation Ranging- Developed in response to growing importance of submarine warfare.
How does it work?Detection of underwater echoes
Marine Biology Labs grow
SCUBA
Exit Ticket 1)Who was considered the
first marine biologist?
A) James Cook
B) Charles Darwin
C) Aristotle
D) Leif Erikson
2) True or False? Marine Biology is a fairly new discipline because scientists have only recently learned how collect samples and navigate it.
3) in 1831 Darwin set sail on the HMS Beagle. What was the primary mission of that voyage?
4)
A) What was sonar developed for during WWII
B) Name one way the field of marine biology benefited from this technology
Name Game