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The role of GIS in next-generationCommand and Control Information Systems
Presented by:Hans Christian AndersenInternational Business ManagerMaersk Data Defence
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Danish Army Command and Control Information System – Implementation Status
• HQ/Danish Division• HQ/1 Jutland Brigade
• HQ/3 Jutland Brigade
• HQ/1 Zealand Brigade
• HQ/Danish Reaction Brigade/ 1(UK) Armoured Div
DACCIS is Field ProvenDACCIS is Field Proven
17 HQs17 HQs
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MDD C2 Component/ Product Portfolio
• Joint Replicator
• Data Engine
• C2 Toolkit
• C2 FAS(Functional Area Services)
Joint Replicator
JC3IEDM DBADatP-3
NCDM
C2 Toolkit
G2 I
nt
G3 O
ps
G3 S
it
G3 A
rty
G3 E
ngr
G4 L
og
BM
S
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MDD Joint Replicator
• Product benefits:• Translation during replication
• The ability to replicate major NATO standards, including
• ARM
• MIP
• ADatP-3
• LINK11/16 Gateway
• other tactical datalinks
• Flexibility
• DBMS
• Run-time Platform
• JC3IEDM Version
Operational End 2004
Per Customer Specification
Independent … true for allDACCIScomponents
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MDD Data Engine
• Product benefits:• Track correlation engine
• Object-oriented interface to a Common Data Pool, making it possible for all
Functional Area Services (FAS) to access the Data Layer
• Complies with NCDM standard & reqs.
• JC3IEDM prepared
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MDD C2 Toolkit
• Product benefits:• FAS Framework, as a foundation for further branch- or task-specific modules
• Extended GIS functionality
• Supporting multiple parallel planning processes
• Modular user interface, allowing for customisations; automatic dialog generation
• Prepared for best-of-breed integration (e.g. GIS)
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MDD C2 Functional Area Services
• Product benefits:• Already covering all standard Army and basic Joint FAS needs
• Extensible “plug-in” capability for user modules (FAS)
• Expandable and customisable to conform with new user requirements
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DACCIS Product Development
• DACCIS ver. 6.0• Fall year 2004
• Enhanced architecture and new GIS platform
• New C2 functionalities
• DACCIS ver. 6.1• Summer 2005
• Military Decision Making Process (O/ECoA)
• DACCIS ver. 7.0• Spring 2006
• New C2 functionalities
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Data Model Upgrade
• Upgrade to JC3IEDM• Started
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New C2 Functionalities
• Military Decision Making Process• Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB)
• Terrain Analysis
• Civilian Military Corporation (CIMIC)• Peacekeeping• Army Aviation• Air Space Management Means• Air Defence incl. Threat Domes• Communication• Integration of NBC/Analysis (Bruhn Newtech A/S)
• All branches supported by DMP, FoP and SIT functionality
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Air ForceCCIS
J/CCISJC3IEDM
NATO Core Data Model
J/CCIS Overall Architecture
NavyCCIS
ArmyCCIS
BMS
LC2IEDM
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Structure
• What is GIS?• FAQ
• Vector/Raster Data
• Map Scales
• Coordinate Systems
• Functionality• System Management
• C2
• Architecture• The Future• The Past
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What is GIS?
• GIS = Geographic Information System
• A GIS is a computer-based system for storing, viewing, manipulating and analysing data.
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FAQ: Vector/Raster Data
• Vector Data• Points, lines and areas
• E.g. lamp posts, coastlines and buildings
• Raster Data• Cells
• E.g. aerial photographs, satellite images and scanned maps
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FAQ: Map Scales
• Larger scale:• e.g. 1:50.000
• Smaller scale:• e.g. 1:500.000
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FAQ: Coordinate Systems
• Geographical data uses a coordinate system to describe its location on the world.
• Two types of coordinate systems:• Geographic Coordinate Systems (GCS)
• WGS84 Spheroid (e.g.: 8.8395E, 56.0351N)
• Projected Coordinate Systems
• UTM (e.g.: 32N 490.000, 6.210.000)
• MGRS (e.g.: 32V MH 90000 10000)
• More information: CC:\C2Framework\Modules\GIS Framework\Analysis and Design\Docs\UTMandMGRS.doc
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Functionality: System Management (1/2)
• ESRI’s products for the system administrator to manage maps and geographical data (Map Management):
• ArcMap: viewing data, creating maps, geo-referencing
• ArcCatalog: manage data, creating metadata
• ArcToolbox: converting data, project data
• ArcSDE: gateway to DBMS that handles geographical data
• Note that some functionality overlaps in ESRI’s products
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Functionality: System Management (2/2)
• The maps used in DACCIS C2 are stored in an MXD-file made in ArcMap:
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Functionality: C2
• All Map Handling:• Load map, etc.
• Drawing order, etc.
• Pan, zoom, etc.
• Show coordinates
• Plan:• Military symbols
• GIS Analysis:• Find location
• Area of sight
• Line of sight
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Find Location
Line of Sight
Area of Sight
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Architecture
C2 Framework
C2 Core
C2 GIS Analysis
Other C2 Subsystems
ArcObject s
C2 Framework extension on GIS Framework
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The Future
• Among others:• Terrain Analysis (No-Go/Slow-Go)
• 3D View/Fly-through
• Waypoints
• Animation in time (tracking)
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DACCIS Builds upon Lessons-Learned from MNO’s
Our approach on the future of Command and Control applications draws upon operational experiences and lessons learned from multinational operations in the Balkans, Afghanistan and Iraq during the past 10 years.
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The DACCIS Challenge
To deliver a C2 System with the ability to support timely and appropriate decision-making throughout all phases and levels of the Engagement Life-Cycle.
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DACCIS Key Enablers – Part 1
• Situational awareness across the Network Centric EnvironmentTo ensure Situational awareness in all staff branches within all critical operational areas in a Network Centric Environment.
• Strong interoperability for Combined ForcesTo maintain multi-national interconnectivity of Combined Forces on both the semantic, cognitive and physical level
• Joint CCIS and capability overviewTo ensure the Commander in the Joint Environment has a COP (RIARTARP) including cross-service military capability packages
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DACCIS Key Enablers – Part 2
• CIMIC system gatewaysTo establish gateways to CIMIC systems including NGO systems and Post Combat Operations in politically unstable areas.
• Decision support for command decision-makingTimely and relevant operational simulation and decision support for all services and staff branches throughout all phases of operation (Synthetic Battle Space)
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The new Shape of the Engagement Life-Cycle
• C2 support for Combat Forces, CS, CSS throughout the offensive operations. And then post combat…:
• ”Complex Emergencies” dealing with• Organized violence,
• Health and medical problems
• Hunger and food problems
• Refugees
• Breakdown of Critical National Infrastructures like• Healthcare and hospitals in general
• Power supply
• Law and order
• Transport (Rail, road, air, and sea transport)
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Focus On Peace Support
NATIONAL FOCUS• Increased focus on military and civil cooperation by government
• The establishment of coordination bodies
• Lesson learned from the field (e.g. lack of cooperation amongst the Danish Military and NGOs in relation to mine clearance in Eritrea).
INTERNATIONAL FOCUS
• World wide political agenda
• EU crisis management
• Enhanced cooperation amongst military forces and NGOs
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Planning and Decision-Making Framework in a Network Centric World
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WAR ELIMINATION/DESTRUCTION
-----------------------------------------------------------------
’WIN’ RECONSTRUCTION
PEACE
Tradition
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International Focus
• Peace supporting operations - world wide agenda
• EU crisis management
• Enhanced cooperation amongst military forces and NGOs
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Peace SupportingOperations
- topics
Infrastructure-roads electricity,communication, housing,schools, hospitals, markets/shops, factories/enterprises
Transportation- containers,
etc.
Clearance- mines,ammunition, otheritems
Security- military, police ,
intelligence, jurisdiction,organized crime
Media
Communitiese.g. minorities
- Government, NGOs,Business environment
etc.Directives
- Country specificregulations- Directives(human rights)
CIMIC, Disaster relief,crisis management,
humanitarian aid etc.
Environmentalrelated conditions
People e.g.traumatisation
Victims: Dead bodies,missing persons,tortured persons
Cultural sights
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Peace SupportingOperations
- organisational set up
Military forces(Countries, Nato
etc.)
Private institutionsand organisations- NGOs, Sports
clubs, orphanage,etc
Public institutionsand organisations-national, regional,
local
Internationalinstitutions andorganisations
- UN, NATO, EU etc.Interoperability
Interoperability
Intero
perab
ilityInte
roper
abili
ty
CoordinationCoord
inatio
n
Coordination
Coord
inat
ion
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Peace operations- political environment
in the country
Businessenvironment
Gender
Politicalstructure
Religion
PowerTraditions
Ethnicity
Communities
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Peace operations- an IT frame
Databaser
Strategier
Portal
???
SimpleKoordination
Operative
FlexibleAdaptive
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Peace SupportingOperations Directives
What is needed?What gives inspiration?
Conventions
Declarations
Doctrines
Directorate
Regulations
Protocols
??
Standards
ROE