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THE RISE OF FASCISM PAGES 113-114
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ITALY
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DONEC QUIS NUNC
THE RISE OF FASCISM
• (Where do fascists movements develop their tentacles? The logic of fascist movements - useful factors for their development).
• 5 steps - taking advantage of the unpreparedness of the political institutions.
• (First, economics ) Financial crisis.
• Unpopularity of democratic governments (not able to solve the people’s problems).
• (Scapegoat) Some to blame (migrants more likely).
• High unemployment rate.
• Social unrest.
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ITALY & GERMANY LOOK ALIKE
REASONS FOR THE RISE OF FASCISM
WEAKNESS OF
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS
EXALTATION OF
NATIONALISM
ECONOMIC CRISIS
COMMUNISM
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THREE RELEVANT ASPECTS
“FASCES”, “FASCIO”
• [1] Between 1919 and 1922 Italy had four different governments.
• Frustration after WW1 - winner’s side - no recognition.
• Strikes / demonstrations.
• No reaction by the different governments.
• [2] Benito Mussolini - 1921 - parliamentarian - “Fasci di Combattimento”.
• Authoritarian ideas took control over the government.
• [3] 1925 - Mussolini’s Italy = a dictatorship (no parties; no unions).
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GERMANY
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THE ORIGIN OF THE THIRD REICH
SITUATION IN GERMANY
EX-SOLDIERS FELT BETRAYED
UNEMPLOYMENT
ECONOMIC CRISIS MADE WORSE BY THE
POST-WAR REPARATIONS
THREAT OF A COMMUNIST REVOLUTION
INTERNATIONAL HUMILIATION
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TOWARDS THE DISASTER
THE SEEDS OF DISCONTENT
• WW1 left Germany critically injured in their political, economic, social institutions.
• The Republic of Weimar could not solve any of the problems.
• Hitler took advantage of the discontent and won the elections in 1932 for the National Socialist Germany Workers party (Nazi party).
• 1933: Hitler was named Chancellor.
• Under his government, first measures, illegality of the political parties & creation of concentration camps to imprison his opponents.
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THE NUREMBERG LAWS
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SEPTEMBER 15, 1935
THE NUREMBERG LAWS ON CITIZENSHIP AND RACE