Download - The Research Process
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
The Research ProcessThe Research Process
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
The 10-Step ProcessThe 10-Step Process1. Formulate Your Question2. Get Background Information3. Focus Your Search Topic4. Consider Your Resource Options5. The Tools Available/Select the Appropriate
Tool 6. Use the tool7. Gather Your Materials8. Evaluate Your Sources9. Organize and Write10.Compose Your Bibliography
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
Formulate Your QuestionFormulate Your Question
• What’s the assignment• Guidelines given by
professor• Question(s) to answer
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
Get Background InformationGet Background Information
• Gain general knowledge of subject
• Helps formulate your research question
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
Focus Your SearchFocus Your Search
• Is it too broad or narrow?• Should I limit topic to a time
period, geographical location, etc.?
• What disciplines/subjects are covered with topic?
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
Broad to NarrowBroad to Narrow
• BROAD: Eating Disorders • NARROW: Anorexia Nervosa• NARROW: Bulimia
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
Broad to NarrowBroad to Narrow
• BROAD: Drug Abuse• NARROW: Marijuana and
drug abuse• NARROW: Marijuana/Hemp/
Cannibus and health/medicine
• NARROW: Drug Abuse and Health
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Broad to NarrowBroad to Narrow
• BROAD: Obesity• NARROW: Obesity and food• NARROW: Obesity and
nutrition• NARROW: Obesity and
eating disorders
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
Consider Resource OptionsConsider Resource Options• Books• Magazine/Popular articles• Newspaper articles• Scholarly/Peer reviewed articles• Reference books• Websites• Surveys/opinion polls• Statistical sources, government
publications
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The Tools AvailableThe Tools Available
• GCC Website
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
The Flow of InformationThe Flow of Information
• Consider Your Resource Options
• The Tools Available
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
The Flow of InformationThe Flow of InformationReport of Event Time Frame Access InfoRadio/TV/Web Seconds/Minutes Internet
Newspapers Day/Days+
Magazines Week/Weeks
Journals 6 months+
Books 2 years+
Reference Sources -Encyclopedias,
dictionaries, etc.Ave. 10 years
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04/22/23 Created by Tracy Hull 2002
Search StrategySearch Strategy
• Boolean Logic--AND
AND = Narrower Search
ANDnorth carolina
and prohibition
items containing "North Carolina" and "prohibition." AND narrows a search, resulting in fewer hits.
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04/22/23 Created byTracy Hull 2002
Boolean Logic--ORBoolean Logic--OR
OR = Broader Search
OR zimbabwe
or rhodesia
items containing either "Zimbabwe" or "Rhodesia" or both. OR broadens a search, resulting in more hits.
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04/22/23 Created by Tracy Hull 2002
Boolean Logic--NOTBoolean Logic--NOT
NOT = Elimination
NOT mexico
not new mexico
items containing "Mexico" but not "New Mexico." Caution! It's easy to exclude relevant items.
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Popular vs. ScholarlyPopular vs. Scholarly Popular Magazines Scholarly Journals
Overall AppearanceGlossy paper, ads,heavily illustrated - attractive in appearance
Sober and serious, may contain graphs or charts – will not find glossy pages or photographs
Audience General Public Scholars and students
Authors Reporters Scholars in the field
Documentation Sources sometimes cited for news articles, but rarely
Cite sources in footnotes orbibliography
Purpose Provide general information Report on original research or experimentation
Article AcceptanceProcedure
Articles written by hired reporters, edited by magazine editors, and published
Often undergo a "peer-reviewed" process -- reviewed by other scholars in the field before being published -- sometimes these journals are called "refereed journals"
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04/22/23 Created by Tracy Hull 2002
Popular vs. ScholarlyPopular vs. Scholarly
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QUIZ!QUIZ!• What sources would be used
to answer the following questions…
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Hmmm!! Let’s See!Hmmm!! Let’s See!
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Question:Question:
What has been the reaction of the labor market to the
four-day week and "flextime" scheduling?
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Answer: Answer:
Surveys/opinion polls
Newspaper articles
Magazine articles
Scholarly articles
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
Question: Question:
How has the World Health Organization changed its structure to deal with the
current health crisis in Africa?
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
Answer: Answer:
Newspaper articles
Website
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
Question:Question:
What would happen if marijuana were made a
prescription drug?
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04/22/23 Created by La Loria Konata 2002
Answer: Answer:
Surveys/opinion polls
Newspaper articles
Scholarly articles—could include criminal justice
aspect or medical