The Protestant Reformation (1450-1565)

A Change in Religion…

The Catholic Church’s Problems• Charges of greed

(Indulgences)

• Weariness of the constraints it enforced

• Catholic church becomes defensive in the face of criticism

The Catholic Church’s Problems Part 2

• Corruption of the Renaissance Popes(Borgia Family)

• The controversy over the sale of indulgences

Table Discussion

• What do you think was the biggest problem of the Catholic Church before the Reformation started?

• How do you think the problems of the Catholic Church could have been solved without the Reformation?

New Ideas?

New Cultural Ideas• Better educated,

urban population was more critical of the Church than peasants.

• Renaissance monarchs were growing impatient with the power of the Church

New Technological Ideas• Moveable type was

invented in 1450 by Johann Gutenberg

• Manufacture of paper becomes easier and cheaper

• Helped spread ideas before Catholics could squash them

Table Discussion

• Predict why the printing press was such an important invention during the Reformation.

• Explain why better education levels in Europe led to changes in political structure before the Reformation.

Political Changes in Europe

Turmoil, Deception, Conflict…

Germany • Luther troubled by

the sale of indulgences

• Friar Tetzel sold indulgences in Wittenberg in 1517

• Luther posts his 95 Theses on October 31, 1517

Germany • Pope ignored Luther

at first.

• Luther attacks the Pope and his order of excommunication

• Luther hides in 1521

• The Peace of Augsburg and Division of Germany

England• Henry VIII marries 6

different women, 5 marriages annulled by Catholic Church

• Henry creates the Church of England and runs it (Anglican)

Table Discussion

• Which country do you think had bigger problems, Germany or England? Explain.

• The Catholic Church’s leadership seemed to be a problem in both places. Why do you think the Catholic Church had such fractured leadership?

Reformation Ideas

Martin Luther’s Teachings

• Salvation by Faith Alone and Authority of the Scriptures Alone

• All people should be able to obtain heaven

• Indulgences should not guarantee heaven

John Calvin’s Teaching

• Predestination

• More of a stress on works than Luther

• Communion and Baptism – Acts were very important to salvation

Table Discussion

• How were Martin Luther and John Calvin similar and different?

• Which do you think was going to get more people to see their viewpoint during the Reformation, Calvin or Luther? Explain.

The Counter-Reformation: The Catholic Response

Ingredients Of ResponsePOPE PIUS IV

•Created the idea of “The Inquisition”

•Religious warfare and a new Bible

•Ruled over the Council of Trent – Clarification of Church Doctorines

•He was a member of the DeMedici family

Results of the Reformation• Christian Church was

splintered in the West

• 100 Years’ War

• Right of Rebellion by Jesuits and Calvinists

• Pope’s power increased

Results of Reformation • Witch craze swept

Europe, Between 1561-1670, 13,000 people were executed as witches

• Possible reasons for this witchcraft craze – Religious Overload?

Assignment

• Use your notes to create a Concept Map of the Reformation.

• Your Concept Map should have the Title – “REFORMATION”

• Your Concept Map should have at least 15 detail bubbles coming off of the Title Bubble