This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement
No 641999
The ProSUM Project “I am useful” Prospecting Secondary raw materials in the Urban mine and Mining wastes January 2015 – December 2017
Patrick Wäger (Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland) Daniel Cassard (BRGM, Orléans, France) Sarah Downes (WEEE Forum, Brussels, Belgium) Jaco Huisman (United Nations University, Bonn, Germany) Vera Susanne Rotter (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany)
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Project consortium
Project funded by the European Union
Content
• Background • The ProSUM project
• Goals & approach • Challenges • Outlook
Project funded by the European Union
Background
European minerals databases & intelligence networks
Nano-particle products from new mineral
resources from Europe
Development of a sustainable exploitation scheme for
Europe's REE ore deposits
MICA Mineral Intelligence Capacity Analysis
EUMINET European Mineral
Information Network
European Geological Data Infrastructure
Development of solutions for sustainable
deep sea mining
Project funded by the European Union
Background
The Minerals4EU project
• designed to − meet the recommendations of the Raw
Materials Initiative; − make a fundamental contribution to the
European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on Raw Materials.
• built around an INSPIRE compatible infrastructure
http://www.minerals4eu.eu/
Project funded by the European Union
Background INSPIRE: Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the EC (I)
Project funded by the European Union
Background INSPIRE: Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the EC (II)
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_US_v3.0.pdf
Project funded by the European Union
Background
The Minerals4EU project
• designed to − meet the recommendations of the Raw
Materials Initiative; − make a fundamental contribution to the
European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on Raw Materials.
• built around an INSPIRE compatible infrastructure
• develops an EU minerals intelligence network structure delivering − a web portal; − a European Minerals Yearbook; − foresight studies.
http://www.minerals4eu.eu/
Project funded by the European Union
Background European Minerals Knowledge Data Platform (EU-MKDP)
http://minerals4eu.brgm-rec.fr/
Project funded by the European Union
Content
• Background • The ProSUM project
• Goals & approach • Challenges • Outlook
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Goals & approach
• Establish an EU wide information network; • Build the architecture for secondary raw materials
intelligence through an inventory of CRMs for: • E-waste (WEEE) • Batteries (BAT) • End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) • Mining wastes
• Provide a European Urban Mine Knowledge Data Platform (EU-UMKDP) interoperable with the M4EU EU-MKDP
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Goals & Approach
Coordinate: Coordinate with a wide range of organisations to enhance access to and dissemination of current and future CRM data
Collect: Collect, describe and compile currently available data and trends for CRMs in products and component, stocks and waste arisings
Collate: Collate and harmonise existing data
Construct: Construct the EU-UMKDP as the Inventory and Portal providing state-of-the-art data for the four waste groups
Communicate: Communicate and disseminate results and recommendations via the ProSUM Information Network
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Challenges
Challenge 1: Data availability & uncertainty
Project funded by the European Union
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Cu Pb Ni
Ag Au Sb Cr Pd Zn Fe Sn Cd Al Be Br Hg SiM
g Ba Cl As TiM
n Bi V Ce Co Mo Ta La Sr Pt Hf Th Sc Eu Zr Cs
number of data sets
Example: Metal content in Printed Circuit Boards (unspecified)
The ProSUM project
Data availability
>70 data sets Cu, Pb, Ni, Ag, Au, Sb, Cr, Pb
50-20 data sets Zn, Fe, Sn, Cd, Al, Be
< 5 data sets V, Ce, Co, Mo, Ta, La, Sr, Pt, Hf,
Th, Sc, Eu, Zr, Cs
TUB (2015) Bibliometric evaluation of published information on metal content in Printed circuit boards (unspecified), 43 references, >1000 data sets
Challenge 1a: Data availability
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Handling uncertainty in data mining
• Define initial categories • limited number of categories (e.g. highly confident, confident, less
confident and dubious); • comprehensively describe each category with a set of rules.
• Have fully separated and independent persons applying the set of rules;
• Evaluate all data with the set of rules; • Compare the results of the different persons at the end of
the evaluation (not before!); • Assign uncertainties (distributions) to categories; • Perform Monte Carlo simulations.
Challenge 1b: Handling uncertainty
Project funded by the European Union
Challenge 1: Data availability & uncertainty
Challenge 2: Data validation & harmonisation
The ProSUM project
Challenges
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project Geogenic vs. anthropogenic deposits
Geogenic deposits Anthropogenic deposits Stocks no addition to stock variation over time and location
due to human activities Composition influenced by geological
cycles (chemical properties) influenced by product design
Exploration traditionally established exploration technologies
little activities
Data management
established statistical information services through the geological surveys
no central data administration
Characterization of ores
standardized analytical methods
no standardization on describing urban ores
Challenge 2a: Standardized analytical methods
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Development of robust/standardised characterisation methods
• Determination of selected CRMs in printed circuit boards (PCB)
Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pd, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu,
Gd, Tb, Dy, Pt und Au Co, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ta, Zn, Ga, Ge
As
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Development of robust/standardised characterisation methods
• Determination of selected CRMs in printed circuit boards (PCB) • Sample preparation
• homogeneous samples obtained for PCB; • Semiquantitative analysis
• XRF shown to be appropriate for indicative analyses at mass fractions > 100 ppm;
• Quantitative analyses • robust approaches developed for the analysis of CRMs
investigated; • applicable in any well equipped laboratory
• spiking with multistandards; • digestion with Aqua regia, HF or H2SO4/HNO3; • ICP-OES, ICP-MS, AAS-graphite furnace
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Trends in material composition
Example: Tantalum capacitors in Printed Circuit Boards
TUB (2015) Unpusblished data from the Upgrade Project.
PCB Mobile phones PCB Notebook motherboard
Challenge 2b: How to address trends in material composition?
Project funded by the European Union
Code list: Finite list of codes that represent the only allowed values for a particular data item
The PrSUM project
Simplified view of data organisation for products
Challenge 2c: Common data structure
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Relations between products, components & properties
Product classification (tables)
Component classification (tables)
Property classification (tables)
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Simplified view of data organisation for products
Challenge 2d: Pertinent product classification
Code list: Finite list of codes that represent the only allowed values for a particular data item
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Pertinent product classification: EEE/WEEE
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Pertinent product classification: (EoL)Vehicles
Project funded by the European Union
Challenge 1: Data availability & uncertainty
Challenge 2: Data validation & harmonisation
Challenge 3: Interoperability + updating
The ProSUM project
Challenges
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Characteristics of the EU-UMKDP
• User friendly • Single inventory • Linked to relevant databases • Interoperable with the EU-MKDP
Web-based portal
Data filtering capability
Advanced search capabilities
Statistics computation
Automated report generation & visualisation
Interoperability with the EU-MKDP
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
General Architecture of the EU-UMKDP
Layers
Pertinent available layers from geological
surveys and EU projects and other
institutions (geological,
geographic, political maps )
Project funded by the European Union
Challenge 1: Data availability + uncertainty
Challenge 2: Data validation + harmonisation
Challenge 3: Interoperability + updating
Challenge 4: Coordinate + communicate
The ProSUM project
Challenges
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
ProSUM Information Network
Join the Information Network: http://www.prosumproject.eu/
• Includes researchers, the recycling industry, producer compliance schemes, producers, public authorities, national geological surveys and other EU project partners.
• Shares best practice, benchmarks, and opportunities to increase data harmonisation and cooperation.
• Information Network launch on April 25, 2015 in Brussels (82 attendees)
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Outlook
• ProSUM is an ambitious project with many challenges to be faced;
• Much effort has been spent in developing common terminological ground and a harmonised data structure;
• First steps have been made towards developing robust/standardised characterisation methods for the urban mine;
• An important next step will consist in evaluating and consolidating existing data on products POM and EoL / waste.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement
No 641999
Thank you for your attention
For more information: Patrick Wäger Email: [email protected]
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement
No 641999
Extra slides For more information: Patrick Wäger Email: [email protected]
WRF 2015 Davos October 13, 2015
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Elements relevant for ProSUM products
2He
Ia
IIa
IIIb IVb
001H
3Li 4Be
IVa Va VIa VIIa
Vb VIb VIIb
VIIIa
VIII Ib IIb
IIIa
008O 9F 10Ne5B 6C 007N
011Na 12Mg 13Al 14Si 15P 016S 17Cl 18Ar
019K 020Ca 21Sc 022Ti 23V 24Cr 25Mn 26Fe 33As 34Se 35Br 36Kr27Co 28Ni 29Cu 30Zn 31Ga 32Ge
54Xe48Cd 49In 50Sn 51Sb 52Te 053I42Mo 043Tc 44Ru 45Rh 46Pd 47Ag37Rb 38Sr
55Cs 056Ba 57La 72Hf 73Ta 74W
39Y 40Zr 41Nb
84Po 085At 086Rn75Re 76Os 77Ir 78Pt 79Au 80Hg 81Tl 82Pb 83Bi
58Ce 59Pr 60Nd 61Pm 62Sm 69Tm 70Yb 71Lu63Eu 64Gd 65Tb 66Dy 67Ho 68Er
Conflict mineral origin possible
Critical according to EC (2014)
"Medium to high relative annual demand from ProSUM products" and/or "Recovery Driver" and/or "Challenge for recycling process"
at least one specific application within ProSUM
not addressed by EC (2014)
Project funded by the European Union
Background INSPIRE: Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the EC (III)
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_DataSpecification_US_v3.0.pdf
Project funded by the European Union
Horizon 2020: Part III - Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials Waste 4c
Waste 4 c) Secondary Raw Materials Inventory • Establishment of an EU Network of relevant
institutions • To enhance knowledge in order to improve the
supply of raw materials through an inventory • Data and information on secondary raw materials,
particularly CRMs • Flows, maps and evaluation of European Stocks • Shall support implementation of the EIP
36
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Project structure
Project funded by the European Union
Why do we need information about the urban mine?
When? Where? What? How much?
Questions about secondary raw materials relevant for recycling innovation & investment
Ueberschaar Max, Rotter, S Enabling the recycling of rare earth elements through product design and trend analyses of hard disk drives Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 17 (2), 266-281
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
Raw materials considered by ProSUM
sentences words syllables letters Gold recovery
Recovery of Sb2O3, NH3
Polymer regranulation, alloyed steel remelting
Re-use, refurbishment, remanufacturing components
materials substances elements
Compositional analysis to assess recyclability of products
+ element speciation + impurities
text product
Project funded by the European Union
Gaps in reporting flows
85%
Challenge 1a: Data gaps in reporting flows
Project funded by the European Union
Uncertainties
Example: Probability distribution for metal mass fraction in 53 permanent magnets
Challenge 2b: Data validation –
What is the “average in a not normal world”?
Ueberschaar Max, Rotter, S Enabling the recycling of rare earth elements through product design and trend analyses of hard disk drives Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 17 (2), 266-281
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
General architecture of the EU-UMKDP (II)
Project funded by the European Union
The ProSUM project
COMMUNICATE – To inform all stakeholders
Challenge 4a: Communicate