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The Principles of Design
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Principles of Design include:
• Proportion• Scale• Balance• Rhythm• Emphasis• Unity and Variety
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Proportion• Refers to the size relationships that can be
found within an object or design.• From experience, designers know that certain
proportions create a more pleasing effect than others.
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• People generally prefer rectangles to squares.
• Unequal divisions of space are often more appealing to the eye.
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Scale
• Refers to how the size of an object or a space relates to human beings and to other objects or spaces in design.
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The Golden Section• A special way of dividing a line, somewhere
between 1/3 and ½, making it more visually appealing.
• Think about tie backs on a curtain, by placing your tie back between the 1/3 and ½ mark, it looks more pleasing.
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• Scale and proportion are not the same. A lamp might be in perfect proportion but be the wrong scale for a room (too large or too small).
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• Human scale i.e. small scale for a children’s room.
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Balance
• Is the design principle that provides a feeling of equality.
• Symmetrical Balance: formal balance, mirror images
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• Asymmetrical Balance: a design in which one side is not the mirror image, it’s unmatched but appears to be balanced.
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Rhythm• Is the principle that suggests connected
movement between different parts of a design.– Repetition– Radiation–Gradation– Transition–Opposition
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• Repetition: the act of repeating, might be as simple as AAAAA or might be a pattern ABABAB
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• Radiation: occurs when lines radiate or move outward from a central point.
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• Gradation: a gradual increase or decrease of color, size or pattern.
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• Opposition: when lines come together to form right angles (square corners, sofas at a right angle)
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• Transition: when lines change direction by flowing into a curve (arched doorways, a sofa w/curvy arms or back)
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Emphasis• Center of interest or focal point, can be created by one large object or a collection of smaller ones.
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Unity and Variety
• Must be combined to create an overall harmonious effect.
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• Unity: occurs when all the parts of a design are related by one idea.
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• Variety: occurs when different styles and materials are combined. Confusion is when variety is carried too far.