Download - The Potential of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to Facilitate Data-Driven Prevention
Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPPDesiree Goetze, MPH, CHES, CPP
Kaigang Li www.drugs.indiana.edu
Partnerships to Facilitate Prevention and Recovery: Transformation Where It Counts!
The Potential of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
to Facilitate Data-Driven Prevention
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What You Will Learn:Components of GIS system
How GIS Helps with Strategic Planning
How GIS Can Help You with Program Evaluation Surveillance System Track Change over Time and Space
How GIS Plays a Role in Research: Example: Impact of Smoking and Coalitions Morbidity and Mortality Making Sense of the Data
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Data… What is it?It’s up to you!
http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/rocks/sdrx/limestoneL.htm
www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=070312165704.qtgd3817&show_article=1&cat=us&image=large
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Use it to enhance quality of life It’s what you make of it!
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/england/london/parliament/frmriver.jpg
Limestone detail, IU
House of Parliament, London, England
http://www.indexstock.com/content/artists/Rich%20Remsberg.asp
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Data-driven prevention…but you driveIt’s up to you!
http://newsinfo.iu.edu/asset/page/normal/1450.html
Little 500 Bike Race, IU
Components of a GIS System
Minimal Equipment and Personnel Skill Requirements
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GIS System: Levels of Complexity
Level 3: Complex data import & analyze
Level 2: Simple data imports & analysis
Level 1: Extract data
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Level 1 – Extract Data
Equipment: Hardware and Software
Data: Purchased Databases
www.tetrad.com
Kinds of Skills (Capacity Building)
MapInfo, PCensus, Maploader
(1)
Purchased GIS data
(1)
Basic ComputerAnd Printer
(1)
Basic ComputerSkills(1)
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Level 1 – Extract Data
MapInfo, PCensus, Maploader
(1)
Purchased GIS data
(1)
Basic ComputerSkills(1)
Single Parent Families 2006, Percent (AGS, 2006 est., 2007)
County Lake Co. IN U.S.Lone Parent Male (percent) 10.9 6.7 7.4Lone Parent Female (Percent) 28.9 23.2 25.6Single Parent Families (M+F) % 39.8 29.9 33
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Alcohol Spending per HouseholdPer Household Spending on Alcohol, 2006 est. (AGS, 2007)
Adams Indiana U.S.
Spending on Alcohol 529.8 664.9 621.7
Beer and ale not at home 73.9 93 87
Wine away from home 36.1 45.4 42.5
Whiskey away from home 60.1 75.6 70.7
Alcohol On Out-Of-Town Trips 65.4 81.7 76.4
Spending on Alcohol for Consumption in the Home 292.9 367.2 343.4
Beer and ale at home 157.2 197.1 184.3
Wine at home 84.7 106.2 99.3
Whiskey at home 20.7 25.9 24.2
Whiskey and other Liquor at Home 51.1 63.9 59.7
Median Household Income
45,791.50 54,272.10
48,276.60
Total Spending Per HH as % of Median HH income 1.155 1.225 1.288
Rank for Spending as % of Median HH Income 67 40th of 51
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Adults without a High School Diploma
Educational Attainment, 2006 est. (AGS, 2007) Lake Co. Indiana U.S.Less than 9th grade 3 5 5.89th to 12th grade, no diploma 9.5 9.7 8.9Total, Less Than 9th or less than HS Diploma 12.5 14.6 14.7High school graduate 40.4 36.5 29.8Some college, no degree 20.8 19.7 19.9Associate degree 8.5 6.7 7.4Bachelor's degree 11.4 14.2 17.9Graduate or profession degree 6.4 8.2 10.3
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Data can seem overwhelmingToo much data can seem overwhelming.
http://entertainment.webshots.com/photo/1041702010015901341YseGEP
Lake County – Less Than High School Diploma
Source: AGS, 2007 estimates
Source: AGS, 2007 estimates
Lake County – Less Than High School Diploma
Census Tracts: 30300; 30100; 30200; 31000; 20400; 20600; 10202; 10700; 10500; 11300; 41200
Lake County – Less Than High School Diploma
Source: AGS, 2007 estimates
Lake County – Less Than High School Diploma
Family Conflict: Divorce
Divorce Rate, 2006 est. (AGS,2007)
County Lake Indiana U.S.
Divorced (Percent) 10.2 10.7 9.7
Lake County – Divorce Rate
Source: AGS, 2007 estimates
Census Tracts: 20600; 10203; 10202; 10201; 10900; 11300; 11700; 11600;11900; 41600; 12600
Source: AGS, 2007 estimates
Lake County – Divorce Rate
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Level 2 – Your Data / Maps
Equipment: Geocoding Software Color Printer
Data: Local data Addresses
Skills (Capacity Building) Patience, precision Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access
Software Required
MapInfo, PCensus, Maploader
(1)
Mapmarker Geocoding software, Excel & Access
(2)
Data Complexity
Purchased GIS data
(1)
Imported data (free or purchased)
(2)
Examples of Data
AGS, Claritas™,Map files
(1)
Program Data, Address Data, Health Data (public
or purchased)(2)
Skills Required
Basic Computer(1)
Geocoding, Excel and Access
(2)
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Afternoons R.O.C.K. in Indiana
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Afternoons R.O.C.K. Programs, 2005-2006 School Year
Afternoons R.O.C.K. in Indiana, 2006
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Places of Worship
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Places of Worship, 2005
Info USA, American Church List, 2005
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Youth Serving Agencies
Info USA, American Church List, 2005
Youth Serving Agencies, 2005
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
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Public Libraries and Branches
Indiana State Library, 2006
Main Library, 2006
Branch Library, 2006
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
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Schools
Indiana Department of Education, 2005
School
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
23年 4月 22日 www.drugs.indiana.edu 31Marion County Schools, Alcohol Retail Outlets by School District
Public SchoolOther SchoolAlcohol Retail Outlet
Marion County Alcohol Retail Outlets by Census Tract
23年 4月 22日 www.drugs.indiana.edu 32Marion County Schools, Alcohol Retail Outlets by School District
Public SchoolOther SchoolAlcohol Retail Outlet
Marion County Alcohol Retail Outlets by School District
23年 4月 22日 www.drugs.indiana.edu 33Marion County Schools, Alcohol Retail Outlets by School District
Public SchoolOther SchoolAlcohol Retail Outlet
Marion County Alcohol Retail Outlets by School District
Franklin Township School DistrictPublic SchoolOther SchoolAlcohol Retail Outlet
M S D Perry Township School DistrictPublic SchoolOther SchoolAlcohol Retail Outlet
MSD Washington Township SchoolsPublic SchoolOther SchoolAlcohol Retail Outlet
Indianapolis Public SchoolsPublic SchoolOther SchoolAlcohol Retail Outlet
23年 4月 22日 www.drugs.indiana.edu 38Marion County Universities and Alcohol Retail Outlets
UniversityAlcohol Retail Outlet Butler
Indianapolis Downtown Campus of Ivy Tech
IUPUI
Marion College
U of Indy
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1 Mile Radius around Butler University
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1 Mile around University of Indianapolis
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1 Mile around Downtown Campus of IVY TECH
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1 Mile around Marion College
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1 Mile around IUPUI
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1 and 2 Miles around IUPUI
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Jefferson County Profile, 6.9
TRIP Inspection Data (using data for 2005 from IN State Excise Police), ATC 2006
Jefferson IndianaIntensity of Inspection 2 1No. Insp per 1,000 Youth, 10-17 13 12Population 10-17 3,686 726,218Total Population 32,343 6,270,352Total No. of Tobacco Retail Outlets 2005 33 6,401Total inspections Completed 49 8,503Total Failed Inspections 10 1,076Percent, Failed Inspections 20 13Percent, Passed Inspections 80 87Ranking (1-81) for % Failed Inspections 22 Ranking (1-81) for % Passed Inspections 62
Table 6.9: Intensity of TRIP Inspections and Related Statistics, Calculations for 2005 Based on Data from the TRIP Program (ATC, Indiana State Excise Police, 2006)
Schools in Proximity to Failed Trip Inspections – Close-up
Jefferson County
Tobacco Outlets That Failed TRIP Inspections in 2006Children at School
Schools in Proximity to Failed Trip Inspections – Close-up
Madison, Indiana
Pope John XXIII School
Grace Baptist School
Shawe Memorial High School
Tobacco Outlets That Failed TRIP Inspections in 2006Children at School
Source: ISP, Excise Police, 2007
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Vigo County Profile, 6.5
Table 6.5: Clandestine Methamphetamine Lab Seizures, (ISP, 2007)(ATC, Indiana State Excise Police, 2006)
Methamphetamine Laboratory Seizures, 1998-2005 (ISP, 2006)
Vigo Indiana1998 (Any Agency) 1 431999 (Any Agency) 18 1292000 (Any Agency) 52 3142001 (Any Agency) 66 5422002 (Any Agency) 105 9882003 (Any Agency) 108 1,2782004 (Any Agency) 166 1,5492005 (IPS) 19 9892005 (Any Agency) 83 1,303
Map: Meth Lab Busts
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Source: IN State Police, 2007
Total lab busts in 2006, 993
Map: Meth Lab Busts (prism)
Source: IN State Police, 2007 Total lab busts in 2006, 993
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
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Level 3 –Data import & analyze
Equipment: Geocoding Software SPSS
Data: Local data Public Purchased
Skills (Capacity Building) Higher level computer skills Higher level statistical skills
Software Required
MapInfo, PCensus, Maploader
(1)
Mapmarker Geocoding software, Excel & Access
(2)
SPSS (3)
Levels of Data Complexity
Purchased GIS data
(1)
Imported data (free or purchased)
(2)
More complex imported data(free or purchased)
(3)
Examples of Data
AGS, Claritas™(1)
Program Data, Address Data, Health Data (public
or purchased)(2)
Mortality Report Data Morbidity Data
(public or purchased) (3)
Skill Complexity
Basic Computer(1)
Geocoding, Excel and Access
(2)
Excel, Access, SPSS(3)
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Alcohol Retail Outlets – Density/Map
Indiana Alcohol Tobacco Commission, 2006
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Alcohol Sales Outlets Per Capita, (IN ATC, 2006)
Monroe Co. Indiana
Total Population (2006 est.) 121,477 6,310,320
Number of Outlets (March 2006) 251 11,011
Outlets Per Capita 0.0021 0.0017
Outlets Per 1,000 Persons 2.07 1.74
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Property Crime Indices
Above US (9), 101.55-194
Above IN (12), 95.55-194
Top Quarter (23), 64-194
Mid Range (46), 19-64
Lowest Quarter (23), 4-19AGS, Crime Indices2004 (2005)Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Bottom Quarter, Mid Range, Top Quarter (includes over IN & over US)
Using local data and GIS to analyzecounty level comprehensive tobacco
prevention in Indiana
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Environmental Strategies +Theoretical bases for environmental approaches
to prevention
Describe the elements of a comprehensive tobacco prevention program
Discuss how local data and GIS software can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of public health efforts
Analyze morbidity and mortality to determine public health impact within the community
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Indiana Map
Source: http://www.in.gov/itpc/Research2.asp?CatID=8
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Smoking Rates by Region
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
2002 2003 2004 2005
NWNCNECCESWSECW
Source: http://www.in.gov/itpc/Research2.asp?CatID=8
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NC & CW Regional Smoking Rates
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2002 2003 2004 2005
NCCW
http://www.in.gov/itpc/Research2.asp?CatID=8
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Smoking Rates by Region
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
2002 2003 2004 2005
NWNCNECCESWSECW
Source: http://www.in.gov/itpc/Research2.asp?CatID=8
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Demographics: Education (Source: AGS, 2006 est., 2007)
Educational Attainment, Less Than a High School Diploma
Less Than a High School Diploma RANK
North West 15% 7
North Central 18% 4
North East 17% 5
Central 14% 8
Central East 19% 2
South West 19% 2
South East 20% 1
Central West 16% 6
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Data frustrates …there will be obstacles
http://entertainment.webshots.com/photo/1040516534015901341MFYhbt
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Map: Education: Any College Degree (prism map)
AGS, Core Demographics,2005 estimates (2006)
NCCW
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Demographics: Race/Ethnicity (AGS, 2005 est.,2006)
Race/Ethnicity as Percent
White Black Hispanic Other
North West 88% 7% 6% 2%
North Central 93% 2% 5% 1%
North East 95% 1% 3% 1%
Central 93% 3% 3% 2%
Central East 95% 2% 1% 1%
South West 96% 2% 1% 1%
South East 96% 1% 1% 0%
Central West 95% 2% 1% 1%
State of Indiana 87% 8% 4% 3%
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Map: Race/Ethnicity by County (prism)
AGS, Core Demographics,2005 estimates (2006)
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Demographics: Income (Source: AGS, 2006 est., 2007)
Text
Text
Income: Median Household, Median Family and Rankings
Median Household Income
RANK, Median Household Income
Less Than a High School
Diploma
RANK, High School Diploma or higher
North West $58,919 2 15% 2
North Central $53,495 4 18% 5North East $53,026 5 17% 4
Central $66,189 1 14% 1
Central East $44,933 8 19% 6
South West $50,541 6 19% 6
South East $54,290 3 20% 8
Central West $49,427 7 16% 3State of Indiana $58,575
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Demographics: Income (Source: AGS, 2006 est., 2007)
Text
Text
Income: Median Household, Median Family and Rankings
RANK, Diversity
RANK, Median Household Income
RANK, High School
Diploma or higher
RANK, Tobacco Use
North West 1 2 2 5
North Central 2 4 5 8
North East 4 5 4 7
Central 3 1 1 4
Central East 5 8 6 2
South West 7 6 6 6
South East 8 3 8 3
Central West 5 7 3 1
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Map: Median Family Income (contour map)
AGS, Core Demographics,2005 estimates (2006)
NC
CW
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AGS, Core Demographics,2003 estimates (2004)
Adult Cigarette Smokers
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Indiana Adult Smoking Rates
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Indiana Smoking Rate
http://www.in.gov/itpc/Research2.asp?CatID=8
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Smoking Rates by Region
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
2002 2003 2004 2005
NWNCNECCESWSECW
Source: http://www.in.gov/itpc/Research2.asp?CatID=8
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NC & CW Regional Smoking Rates
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2002 2003 2004 2005
NCCW
http://www.in.gov/itpc/Research2.asp?CatID=8
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Bronchitis
Source: Indiana State Department of Health, October 19, 2007
CW and CE regions Top 2 counties (CW) 3 of the top 5 counties
Only 20 counties reported deaths from bronchitis. All reported less than 5 deaths, making the rates “unstable.” But by using 2 regions, CW+CE compared to the rest of the state, the results are more reliable.
Region Deaths Mean Age-Adj Rate/100,000
CW+CE 8 3.05
Other 6 regions
15 2.0
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Chronic Airway Obstruction
Source: Indiana State Department of Health, October 19, 2007
CW and CE regions 3 of the top 4 counties 4 of the top 6 counties 5 of the top 9 (=10% of IN counties) 2 more of these 9 border these regions 7 of the top 9 counties in or border
Age-adjusted chronic airway obstruction mortality rate, 2005
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Emphysema
Source: Indiana State Department of Health, October 19, 2007
CW region Top county by more than 8 points
Age-adjusted emphysema mortality rate, 2005
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Malignant Neoplasm of the Trachea, Lung, Bronchus
CW and CE regions 4 of the top 10% of counties (9) 4 of the top 6 counties
Age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rate, 2005
33.8% 31.8%
Source: Indiana State Department of Health, October 19, 2007
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Ischemic Heart Disease
CW and CE regions Top county in CW 3 of the top 4 counties in CW 5 of the top 10 in CW or CE 8 of the top 16 in CW or CE 12 of the top 16 either in or borderingthe CW or CE regions.
Age-adjusted Ischemic Heart Disease mortality rate, 2005
33.8% 31.8%
Source: Indiana State Department of Health, October 19, 2007
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Malignant Neoplasm of the Esophagus
Age-adjusted malignant neoplasm of the esophagus mortality rate, 2005
Malignant Neoplasm of the EsophagusDoes not SEEM REMARKABLE.
Source: Indiana State Department of Health, October 19, 2007
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CVD
CVD SEEMS NOT REMARKABLE.
33.8%
Age-adjusted CVD mortality rate, 2005
Source: Indiana State Department of Health, October 19, 2007
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Morbidity Data
Cancer of Trachea, Lung, BronchusChronic Airway ObstructionBronchitis/EmphysemaCancer of the LipCancer of the EsophagusCancer of the LarynxAortic AneurysmSIDS
Source: Indiana State Department of Health, October 19, 2007
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Lung Cancer Incidence
CW region – rate of lung cancer incidence top county 2 of the top 5 counties 3 of the top 7counties
NE and NC region 2 lowest counties (NE) 3 of the 4 lowest counties 4 of the 6 lowest counties
Rank for rate of lung cancer incidence, 2003
33.8%31.8%
25.1%
25.1%
Source: Health Service Demand Estimates 2005. Franking, TN: Planning 2.0, 2006.
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Lung Cancer Incidence
Region Smoking Mean Rate Tob-PrCos
CW 34% 79.7 1/12CE 31% 70.2 3/11
SE 31% 78.1 13/14
C 29% 73.3 1/12
NW 28% 70.1 0/5
SW 27% 70.2 7/16
NC 25% 67.6 0/5NE 26% 60 0/9
Perhaps tobacco production is associated with heavier smoking?IN State Department of Health, published in: Indiana Cancer Facts & Figures, 2006. American Cancer Society, Great Lakes Division, Inc., 2006.
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Cancer of the Trachea, Lung, Bronchus
CW and CE regions 2 of top 3 (CW) 4 of top 9 counties (CW or CE) 6 of top 11 counties (CW or CE) 8 of top 11 counties (in or bordering CW or CE)
Rate/100,000 of DRG082 (C33), Cancer, 2005
33.8% 31.8%
Region Counties % IN Cos % T-R
CW/CE 24 26% of 92 66% of 3
CW/CE 24 26% of 92 44% of 9
CW/CE 24 26% of 92 54% of 11Source: Health Service Demand Estimates 2005. Franking, TN: Planning 2.0, 2006.
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DRG088 Bronchitis, Emphysema and Chronic Airway Obstruction
CW and CE regions 3 of top 9 (top 10% of IN counties) (3 additional counties border CW or CE) 6 of the top 9 are in or border CW or CE 11 of top 18 counties (top 20%) in CW or CE
Rate/100,000 of DRG088, 2005
33.8%31.8%
Region Counties % IN Cos % T-R
CW/CE 24 26% of 92 33% of 9
CW/CE 24 26% of 92 61% of 18
Source: Health Service Demand Estimates 2005. Franking, TN: Planning 2.0, 2006.
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DRG172 Malignant Neoplasm of the Esophagus
Rate/100,000 of DRG172, 2005
33.8% 31.8%
CW and CE regions 3 of top 9 (top 10% of IN counties) (3 additional counties border CW or CE) 6 of the top 9 are in or border CW or CE 10 of top 18 counties (top 20%) in CW or CE 55.5% of the top 18 counties are in CW/CE. These 2 regions constitute 26% of IN counties.
Source: Health Service Demand Estimates 2005. Franking, TN: Planning 2.0, 2006.
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Elements Used for this Study
Community CoalitionPublic Education / Marketing Cessation ProgramsSchool – Based Programs Indoor Air PoliciesYouth Use Law EnforcementHigh Risk PopulationFunding Level
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Guiding PrinciplesIs it comprehensive?
Is it well funded?
Is it sustainable over time?
Does it operate free of the tobacco industry?
Does it address high risk populations?
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Regional FindingsCOUNTY SMOKING
RATESMOKING RATE RANK (1 = low)
COALITION STRENGTH RANK (1 = high)
NORTHWEST 28% 4 8
NORTH CENTRAL 25% 1 3
NORTH EAST 26% 2 6
CENTRAL 29% 5 1
CENTRAL EAST 32% 7 7
SOUTH WEST 27% 3 2
SOUTH EAST 31% 6 4
CENTRAL WEST 34% 8 5http://www.in.gov/itpc/Research2.asp?CatID=8
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Tobacco Coalition Strength
2825 26
2932
2731
34
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
NW NC
NE C
CE
SW SE
CW
TOBACCO COALITION SMOKING RATE INDIANA
http://www.in.gov/itpc/Research2.asp?CatID=8
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What You Have Learned:Components of GIS systemHow GIS Helps with Strategic Planning
Demographics Assessment – Needs and Resources Relationship Identification (where/who) Decision-Making Cultural Competency Obtain Funding
How GIS Can Help You with Program Evaluation Surveillance System Track Change over Time and Space
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Don’t let the task get you down.
http://entertainment.webshots.com/photo/1041702014015901341TIYRAl
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Without data you won’t get far.
http://entertainment.webshots.com/photo/1040516516015901341VzRwAP
Indiana Prevention Resource Center501 N. Morton, Suite110Bloomington, IN 47404
Phone: (800) 346-3077Fax: (812) 855-4940
E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.drugs.indiana.edu
A special thanks to: Jennifer Kelley, MPH, Mikyung Jun, PhD, Aaron Jones, MPH, and Erika Pitcher for their assistance.