Download - The Political Structure of Society
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POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY
María Jesús Camposlearningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
Sources: Geography and History 3.1. Ed. Vicens Vives
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Geopolitics Studies how society is organised in relation
to geographic space. Focuses on the study of states, how they
exercise their sovereignty, their relations with other states, supranational organizations, etc.
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The State
The State
Territory
Defined by
borders
Population
Rights Duties
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State vs Nation-State
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The State has the right to power
Establishes laws
Ensures compliance with laws
Maintains order within the territory
Protects the territory from foreign threats
Collects taxes and provides public services and general infrastructure
Runs and regulates the economy
Establishes international relations with other states
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The political
powers of the State
Legislative Power
Judicial Power
Executive Power
Parliaments or
Assemblies
Courts of Justice and
JudgesGovernment
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The state works thanks to the administration (different organisations dedicated to different functions, such as justice, health, education, finance, public works…)
Politicians
Civil Servants
Auxiliary / Support Team
Administrative employees
Technicians
Managers
People chosen by the government
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Public or State Administration
Regional Administration
Local
Administratio
n
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Democracy
The people have
sovereignty (citizens vote to elect the
government):Direct
DemocracyRepresentative
Democracy
Rule of law: Constitution
Separation of powers:
- Parliament: Legislative functions
- Government: Executive functions
- Judicial courts and Judges:
Judicial functions
Freedom of expression
and different political parties.
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Legislative power (Parliament)• Makes laws• Controls the executive branch• Approves general proposals• Chooses the president (depends on the country)
Executive power (The Government)• Regulates and executes laws• Establishes the government’s priorities and objectives• Rules over the country
Judicial power (The Courts and Judges)• Have judicial independence• Arbitrate in conflicts• Punish people and institutions that do not obey the law
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How citizens exercise
their power
ElectionsReferendums
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Free Plural
Universal suffrage Periodical
Characteristics of elections in
democratic states
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Types of States
Democratic
Constitutional Monarchy
Parliamentary Republics
Non-democratic
Absolute Monarchies
Dictatorships
They can be• Liberal• Social
They can be• Centralised• Decentralised
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