Download - The Plasma Membrane and Cell Wall (Team 4)
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Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is a layerthat protects the cellnucleus and cytoplasm, hasa thickness of 8 nm. Cell
membrane wrappedorganelles within the cell.The cell membrane is alsoa means of transportation
for the cell entrance andexit of substances thatare needed and not neededby the cell.
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The chemical composition of
the membraneMembrane contains:- Lipid bilayer membrane structure andframework serves as a barrier ('barrier')which restrict the movement of moleculesrandomly
- Protein- Carbohydrate binding to lipids(glycolipids) or perotein (glycoprotein)
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Structure of the CellMembrane
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Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Proteins(peripheral and integral)Carbohydrates (glucose)
Membrane Components
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2. Model Robertson (1950)Robertson using electronmicroscopy, revealed that cellmembranes are composed of three
layers of dark light of the size ofeach 2 nm - 3.5, so that the entiremembrane measuring 7.5 nm. Indescribing the concept in the lipidlayer as two sheets of lipid, calledlipid hidrofilik that the tangent tothe layer of protein molecules.
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1. Davson & Danielli (1954)
Membrane lipid bilayer structure
which is interspersed withglobular proteins across themembrane and there is also a
protein on the surface of theouter and inner membranes.
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3.Singer & Nicholson (1972)Mosaic model / 'fluid mozaic'
Plasma membrane lipid bilayerconsisting of residing in a state of
fluid and can move laterally within themembrane structure of the dynamicinteraction of the temporary orsemipermanent.
Mosaic proteins are distributeddifferently with lipid particles do notform a continuous layer. Proteins cancross the membrane phospholipids, or
are at the edge of the cell
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FLUID- because individual phospholipids and
proteins can move side-to-side within thelayer, like its a liquid.MOSAIC- because of the pattern produced by
the scattered protein molecules when the
membrane is viewed from above.
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
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Types of Transport AcrossCell Membranes
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DIFFUSION
Diffusion is a PASSIVEprocess which means noenergy is used to make
the molecules move,they have a naturalKINETIC ENERGY
Molecules move from
area of HIGH to LOWconcentration throughtthe membran plasma ornot
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Diffusion of Liquids
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Diffusion through aMembrane
Cell membrane
Solute moves DOWN concentration gradient (HIGH to
LOW)
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Diffusion of H2O Across A
Membrane
High H2O potential
Low solute concentration
Low H2O potential
High solute concentration
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Osmosis
Osmosis is the movementof solvent molecule
through a selectivelypermeable membrane.theprinciple of osmosis : fromthe dilute (hipotonis) to
the more concentrated(hypertonic). Osmosis willstop if concentration isisotonic.
Diffusion across a membrane
Semipermeablemembrane
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Example :1. Sign in and increase the mineral water into
bodys trees. The water content in the soil has agreater solvent (hypotonic) than in thevessel, so that the water enters the xylem / cellplant.
2. If a plant cell is placed in hypertonic conditions(high solute or solvent low), then the cell willshrink ( plasmolisis) because the cell fluid outinto the hypertonic solution.
3. Sea water is hypertonic to the cells of thehuman body, so drink sea water it causesdehydration.
4. The potatoes were put in salt water willexperience shrinkage.
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Types of Transport Proteins
Channel proteins are embeddedin the cell membrane & have apore for materials to cross
Carrier proteins can change
shape to move material fromone side of the membrane tothe other
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Active Transport
Requires energy orATP
Moves materials fromLOW to HIGH
concentration
AGAINSTconcentration gradient
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Active transport
Examples: PumpingNa+ (sodium ions)
out and K+
(potassium ions) inagainst strong
concentrationgradients.Called Na+-K+ Pump
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Endocytosis Pinocytosis
Most common form of endocytosis.
Takes in dissolved molecules as a vesicle.
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Pinocytosis
Cell forms aninvagination
Materialsdissolve inwater to bebrought into cell
Called CellDrinking
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Endocytosis Phagocytosis
Used to engulf large particles such asfood, bacteria, etc. into vesicles
Called Cell Eating
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ExocytosisThe opposite of endocytosis is exocytosis. Large
molecules that are manufactured in the cell arereleased through the cell membrane.
Inside Cell Cell environment
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Present in plant cells andbacterial cellsFunction: provide suport
and protection to the cellmembraneThere are pores in thecell walls to facilitate the
exchange of materialoutside of the material inthe cellMade of cellulose
Cell Wall
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Prokaryotic Cell Wall Eukaryotic Cell Wall
Cells without a nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles
Cells with a nucleus & membrane
bound organelles
Have a simple DNA, slimmercontain the couple of basa
nukleotida, in form of sirkuler
Have a complex DNA, more amountcontaining couple of basa
nukleotida, so that have to befurled protein histon
Have a single chromosome Have a chromosome more than oneProcess the regulasi sintesis
protein more simple
Process the regulasi sintesis
protein more complexProcess the transkipsi andtranslasi can be happened bysimultan
Process Transkipsi in the nucleus
and process translasi in the
sitoplasma, Both cannot walk
concurrently
Differences Of Prokaryotic Cell Wall and Eukaryotic Cell Wall