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THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
6th grade Science
Mrs. Setsma
Chapter 4 CHEMISTRY
AN “ELEMENT” SQUARE
PERIODIC TABLE
In 1869, a Russian Scientist, Dmitri Mendeleev created the very first
Periodic Table. He discovered a set of patterns that applied to all elements.
To start, Mendeleev wrote each of the discovered 63 elements. He
organized them based on their melting point, density, and color. He also
included the element’s atomic mass. Then he noticed a pattern and created
the world’s first edition of what we know today as the Periodic Table of
Elements.
What is atomic mass? It is it the AVERAGE mass of all the isotopes of an
element. An isotope is an atom that has the same number of protons and a
different number of neutrons of atoms of the same element.
HOW IS THE PERIODIC TABLE ARRANGED TODAY?
Periodic=regular, repeated pattern
Today’s table is arranged by atomic number
Periods are found in horizontal rows. There are seven
total on the table.
Groups are found in vertical rows. There are 18 families
on the Periodic Table.
There are 117 known elements found on the periodic
table. (although there is no #117).
HOW IS THE PERIODIC TABLE ARRANGED TODAY?
The Alkali Metals are in Group #1 on the periodic
table. Shade them orange. They are very reactive
and are always found in combination with other
elements.
The Alkaline Earth Metals are found in Group #2.
Each is fairly hard, gray-white and a good conductor
of electricity. They are fairly reactive although not as
much as the Alkali Metals. Shade them in yellow.
HOW IS THE PERIODIC TABLE ARRANGED TODAY?
The Transition Metals are in groups #3-12. These
include most of the familiar metals such as iron,
copper, nickel, silver and gold. Most are hard and
shiny and are good conductors of electricity. Shade
these in green.
In groups 13-15 on the Periodic table, only some
elements are metals. Most are not reactive—for
example, aluminum, tin and lead. Shade the metals
in the “mixed groups” in light blue.
THE PERIODIC TABLE TODAY
The first row of elements that sit below the Periodic Table are
called the Lanthanide series. They are located here to make the
table more compact. Lanthandes are soft, malleable and have a
high conductivity. Shade the Lanthanides pink.
The elements below the lanthanides are the actindes. Many of
the actinides are not found naturally in nature but made in a
laboratory. Some only last a fraction of a second. These elements
(man-made) are called “Synthetic elements.” Shade the actinide
series red.
THE PERIODIC TABLE TODAY
Non metals are elements that lack the properties
of a metal. Most non metals are poor conductors of
electricity and heat and are reactive with other
elements. Solid non metals are dull and brittle.
Ten of the sixteen nonmetals are a gas at room
temperature. Some examples are Oxygen &
Nitrogen.
Group #14 on the Periodic Table is the Carbon
Family.
THE PERIODIC TABLE TODAY
Group #15 is the Nitrogen family. It includes the elements
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony and Brismuth.
Group #16 is the Oxygen Family.
Group #17 is the Halogens— “salt-forming.” These elements
typically gains are shares one electron when it shares with other
elements.
Group #18 are the Noble Gases. They are VERY unreactive and
were not discovered til the late 1800’s. Some examples include
Helium, Neon and Radon.