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The Orange County Water District’s The Orange County Water District’s Comphensive Water Resources Comphensive Water Resources
Management ProgramManagement Program
The Rosenberg International Forum on The Rosenberg International Forum on Water PolicyWater Policy
October 7-11, 2002 October 7-11, 2002 William R. Mills, General Manager, Orange William R. Mills, General Manager, Orange
County Water District (1987-2002)County Water District (1987-2002)
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Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview Background on Basin and Water DistrictBackground on Basin and Water District
Challenges of the PastChallenges of the Past
Challenges of the 21Challenges of the 21stst Century Century
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BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
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Los AngelesCounty
San BernardinoCounty
RiversideCounty
San DiegoCounty
Orange
County
2
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Orange County Groundwater BasinOrange County Groundwater Basin
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Coastal Coastal geologic geologic gaps act gaps act
as as conduits conduits
for for potential potential seawater seawater intrusionintrusion
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Orange County Water District was Established in
1933– Protect Santa Ana River flow– Conserve water – Manage groundwater
basin
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Challenges of the PastChallenges of the Past Controlling Basin OverdraftControlling Basin Overdraft
Controlling Sea Water IntrusionControlling Sea Water Intrusion
Controlling ExtractionsControlling Extractions
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Controlling the OverdraftControlling the Overdraft Overdraft on Basin, Culminating in Sever Overdraft on Basin, Culminating in Sever
Over-draft by mid-1950sOver-draft by mid-1950s Wells near Coast were Abandoned due to Salt Wells near Coast were Abandoned due to Salt
Water IntrusionWater Intrusion Lacked Authority to Limit ExtractionsLacked Authority to Limit Extractions Lacked Revenue Base to Purchase available Lacked Revenue Base to Purchase available
Surplus Imported Water SuppliesSurplus Imported Water Supplies Obtained Authority to Levy a Pump TaxObtained Authority to Levy a Pump Tax Refilled BasinRefilled Basin
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The Basin was Refilled to Allow The Basin was Refilled to Allow for Sea Water Intrusion for Sea Water Intrusion
ProjectsProjects
-800,000
-700,000
-600,000
-500,000
-400,000
-300,000
-200,000
-100,000
0
100,000
Jun-
56
Jun-
61
Jun-
66
Jun-
71
Jun-
76
Jun-
81
Jun-
86
Jun-
91
Jun-
96
Acr
e Fe
et
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Constructing Sea Water Constructing Sea Water BarriersBarriers
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Sea Water Intrusion Barrier FacilitiesSea Water Intrusion Barrier Facilities
Fresh water is injectedFresh water is injectedalong the coastalong the coast
The injected waterThe injected waterforms a pressure ridgeforms a pressure ridgethat blocks the landwardthat blocks the landwardmovement of seamovement of seawaterwater
Injection WellInjection Well
Intrusion BarrierIntrusion Barrier
GW BasinGW Basin
SeaSeaLevelLevel
Salt Water
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Water Factory 21: A 60 ML/d Water Factory 21: A 60 ML/d advanced advanced waste water reclamation facility, supplies waste water reclamation facility, supplies fresh water for sea water barrierfresh water for sea water barrier
Since 1975 produced Since 1975 produced over 150 Mmover 150 Mm33 of water of water
Over 25 years of Over 25 years of operating experienceoperating experience
Meets all drinking water Meets all drinking water standardsstandards
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Controlling ExtractionsControlling Extractions
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Controlling Extractions from the Controlling Extractions from the BasinBasin
Obtained Authority to Limit Basin Extractions, Obtained Authority to Limit Basin Extractions, but Restrictions Applied Equally to All but Restrictions Applied Equally to All PumpersPumpers
Obtained Authority to Apply an Additional Obtained Authority to Apply an Additional Pumping Fee for Individual Pumping in Pumping Fee for Individual Pumping in Excess of Over All Pumping AllocationExcess of Over All Pumping Allocation
Management by Financial IncentivesManagement by Financial Incentives Established Program of Replenishing the Established Program of Replenishing the
Annual Over-draft each YearAnnual Over-draft each Year
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Challenges of the 21Challenges of the 21stst Century Century
Improving Water ReliabilityImproving Water Reliability
Managing Salinity of the BasinManaging Salinity of the Basin
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Southern California’s Imported Southern California’s Imported WaterWater
California Aqueduct
SERVICEAREA
ColoradoRiver
Aqueduct
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Future Water Shortages are Future Water Shortages are PredictedPredicted
Reliability of imported water challenged Reliability of imported water challenged by legal, environmental and population by legal, environmental and population issuesissues
Large population increases in the futureLarge population increases in the future By 2020 — Southern California: 7 million By 2020 — Southern California: 7 million
California: 15 million California: 15 million Projected shortages by 2020Projected shortages by 2020
Orange County predicts 200 MmOrange County predicts 200 Mm33 short fall short fall CA Department of Water Resources predicts CA Department of Water Resources predicts
2,500-5,000 Mm2,500-5,000 Mm33 shortage shortage
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The Santa Ana River … a Reliable The Santa Ana River … a Reliable ResourceResource
Base Flow-Base Flow- PerennialPerennial Historically, Rising Ground WaterHistorically, Rising Ground Water After WW II, Became Effluent DominatedAfter WW II, Became Effluent Dominated
Storm Flow-Storm Flow- Sporadic but Increasing due to Increased Sporadic but Increasing due to Increased
Impervious AreaImpervious Area
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The Base Flow of the River now The Base Flow of the River now consists of Tertiary Effluent consists of Tertiary Effluent
Currently 590 ML/d are discharged into the Currently 590 ML/d are discharged into the River Upstream of the District’s Recharge River Upstream of the District’s Recharge SystemSystem
Population Growth Suggests a 50% Increase of Population Growth Suggests a 50% Increase of the Flow by 2020, Even with Extensive Water the Flow by 2020, Even with Extensive Water RecyclingRecycling
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SANTA ANA RIVER BASE FLOWS SANTA ANA RIVER BASE FLOWS
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016
ACR
E-FE
ET P
ER Y
EAR
2020
Actual Projected
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Water Conservation at Prado DamWater Conservation at Prado Dam
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19 30 42
99124
149164
194 204
250224
280
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1986 1990 1993 1995 1997 1999
Least Bell’s Vireo PopulationLeast Bell’s Vireo PopulationIncrease at Prado DamIncrease at Prado Dam
Pairs of birds
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Recharge System Needed Expansion
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The Santa Ana River ChannelThe Santa Ana River Channel
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Deep BasinsDeep Basins
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Clogging of Deep Basins Became The Clogging of Deep Basins Became The Major Recharge Limiting IssueMajor Recharge Limiting Issue
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Clogging Reduction StrategiesClogging Reduction Strategies
Nutrient Reduction in the Base Flows of the Nutrient Reduction in the Base Flows of the Santa Ana RiverSanta Ana River
Continuous Under Water Cleaning of the Deep Continuous Under Water Cleaning of the Deep BasinsBasins
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Constructed Wetlands Remove Constructed Wetlands Remove NitrogenNitrogen
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Biomonitoring
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Medaka Fish are Indicators of Medaka Fish are Indicators of Endocrine DisruptionEndocrine Disruption
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A Continuous Cleaning S Could Increase the Percolation by about 50%
120
100
80
60
40
20
00 30 60 90 120
Percolation with
Continuous Cleaning
Historic Percolation
Per
cola
tion
in c
fs
days
Percolation Gained
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The Hardened Filter Cake Restricts The Hardened Filter Cake Restricts PercolationPercolation
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Continuous Cleaning … The BasinContinuous Cleaning … The Basin Cleaning VehicleCleaning Vehicle
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The GWR System: a 320ML/day The GWR System: a 320ML/day Indirect Potable SupplyIndirect Potable Supply
Irvine
Fullerton
OceanOceanOutfallOutfall
OCWDOCWD
Groundwater BasinGroundwater Basin
Santa Ana River
N
Pacific Ocean
Santiago Creek
OCSDOCSDTreatmentTreatmentFacilitiesFacilities
HuntingtonBeach
AdvancedAdvancedWater TreatmentWater TreatmentPlantPlant
Pumping Pumping FacilitiesFacilities
SeawaterSeawaterIntrusionIntrusion Barrier Barrier
Recharge BasinRecharge Basin
GWR PipelineGWR Pipeline
Future Mid-BasinFuture Mid-BasinInjection/RechargeInjection/Recharge
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1954
1954
Area containing TDS above 500 mg/L
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1998
Area containing TDS above 500 mg/L
• Tustin Desalter
• Irvine Desalter
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ColoradoRiver
Santa Ana River
GWR System
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
TDS
(mg/
L)
High TDS water is above 500 mg/L
Concentration of Total Concentration of Total Dissolved Solids in Dissolved Solids in water causes significant water causes significant consumer costs…water consumer costs…water heaters, plumbing heaters, plumbing corrosion, softening, corrosion, softening, etc.etc.
Average TDS levels will Average TDS levels will continue to increase continue to increase without this project without this project
The GWR System Will Produce the The GWR System Will Produce the Highest Quality Water in the RegionHighest Quality Water in the Region
Northern Northern CaliforniaCalifornia
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If there is magic
on this planet,
it is in water.
Loren Eiseley, “The Flow of the River,” The Immense Journey
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Thank You.
END OF PRESENTATION
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150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2020
Year
Ann
ual G
roun
dwat
er P
rodu
ctio
n, A
cre
Feet
in 1
,000
sGroundwater Provides 75% of Groundwater Provides 75% of
Total Water UseTotal Water Use
Actual
Projected■ Since 1969, pumping has doubled
■ By 2020, pumping will increase 35%
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Sources of Recharge Water … The Sources of Recharge Water … The Santa Ana River is the LargestSanta Ana River is the Largest
Santa AnaRiverImported
Recycled
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Base Flow is High in Nutrient Base Flow is High in Nutrient ContentContent
Nitrogen (N)Nitrogen (N) 6-10 mg/L6-10 mg/L BODBOD 5-12 mg/L5-12 mg/L Suspended SolidsSuspended Solids 26-118 mg/ 26-118 mg/ LL Total Dissolved Solids 625 mg/LTotal Dissolved Solids 625 mg/L
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Imported Water for Groundwater Imported Water for Groundwater RechargeRecharge
Mainly from the Colorado RiverMainly from the Colorado River 2,400 Mm2,400 Mm33 since 1954 since 1954 Annual 60-120 MmAnnual 60-120 Mm33 Low in Nutrients and Suspended Solids: 0.8-Low in Nutrients and Suspended Solids: 0.8-
2.8 mg/L2.8 mg/L Recharge at Highest RatesRecharge at Highest Rates No Co-Mingling with River WaterNo Co-Mingling with River Water
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Recycled WaterRecycled Water The OCWD Initiated Waste Water Recycling The OCWD Initiated Waste Water Recycling
in 1975 to Provide a New Reliable Water in 1975 to Provide a New Reliable Water Supply and a Source for a Sea Water Intrusion Supply and a Source for a Sea Water Intrusion BarrierBarrier
The Water Factory 21 was the First Recycling The Water Factory 21 was the First Recycling Plant to Provide an Indirect Potable Supply to Plant to Provide an Indirect Potable Supply to a Drinking Water Aquifera Drinking Water Aquifer
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LegendExisting Injection Well
OCWD Injection Wells Currently inConstruction or in Final Design Stage
Mesa Water
Pipe Legend
Huntington Mesa
Talbert Ave.
Ave.Garfield
Ave.Yorktown
Ave.Adams
Ave.Indianapolis
Sant
a Ana
Rive
r
War
d St
.
Broo
khur
st
Bush
ard
Mag
nolia
St.
St.
St.
St.
BPS
Ellis Ave.Ne
wlan
d
Beac
h B
lvd.
ExistingPhase 1Under Design for OCWD
NORTH
Barrier Pipeline
Newport Mesa
GWR System Phase 1 Injection Wells
Ellis Avenue War
d St
reet
Sea Water Barrier Facilities
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Nutrient and Suspended Solids Nutrient and Suspended Solids Content Varies with Source WatersContent Varies with Source Waters
Imported WatersImported Waters
Santa Ana River- Base Santa Ana River- Base Flow WaterFlow Water
Santa Ana Rivser - Santa Ana Rivser - Storm WaterStorm Water
Water Factory 21 WaterWater Factory 21 Water
Low in Nutrients and Low in Nutrients and Suspended Solids (SS)Suspended Solids (SS)
High in Nutrients; High in Nutrients; Moderate in SSModerate in SS
Low in Nutrients; High Low in Nutrients; High in SSin SS
High in Nutrients; No High in Nutrients; No SSSS
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Since 1954 More than 7,000 Mm3 of Water have been Recharged
FIGURE 1SOURCES OF ARTIFICAL RECHARGE WATER
1990-2001
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
YEAR
MIL
LIO
NS O
F M
3
BARRIERSIMPORTEDSAR
BaseFlow
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The Recharge SystemThe Recharge System
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Major Components of the Recharge Major Components of the Recharge System include:System include:
The Santa Ana River ChannelThe Santa Ana River Channel 11 km of T-Levees11 km of T-Levees
Desilting BasinsDesilting Basins 5 Hrs Retention5 Hrs Retention
Deep BasinsDeep Basins ½ of Total Area½ of Total Area 25 Mm25 Mm33 of Storage Volume of Storage Volume
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Santa Ana River Channel is Divided Santa Ana River Channel is Divided into an Active Flood Channel (100 into an Active Flood Channel (100
Ha) and a Water Conservation Ha) and a Water Conservation Channel (63 Ha)Channel (63 Ha)
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Deep BasinsDeep Basins Area- 200 HaArea- 200 Ha Slopes- 3:1Slopes- 3:1 Excavated for Sand and Gravel MiningExcavated for Sand and Gravel Mining Depth- 15 MDepth- 15 M Volume- 25 MmVolume- 25 Mm33 Dewatering/Piping SystemDewatering/Piping System
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Deep Basin CloggingDeep Basin Clogging High Initial Infiltration RatesHigh Initial Infiltration Rates Rates Decline to ½ of Initial Rate in 90-120 Rates Decline to ½ of Initial Rate in 90-120
daysdays Cleaning requires Dewatering, Draining and Cleaning requires Dewatering, Draining and
Scraping of Clogging LayerScraping of Clogging Layer Once a YearOnce a Year Installation of High Capacity Pumps Allow Installation of High Capacity Pumps Allow
Twice a Year Cleaning, Providing 40% more Twice a Year Cleaning, Providing 40% more Annual RechargeAnnual Recharge
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OCWD Wetlands at Prado BasinOCWD Wetlands at Prado Basin
Largest Constructed Freshwater Wetlands on the Largest Constructed Freshwater Wetlands on the West Coast, covering about 200 Ha - Construction in West Coast, covering about 200 Ha - Construction in 19961996
Diverts 50% of Santa Ana River Water for TreatmentDiverts 50% of Santa Ana River Water for Treatment
Removes Large Amounts of Nitrates (~360 Removes Large Amounts of Nitrates (~360 tons/year) from River Water to Levels Below tons/year) from River Water to Levels Below DetectionDetection
Long-term Goal to Provide Wetlands Treatment to Long-term Goal to Provide Wetlands Treatment to All Santa Ana River Base FlowsAll Santa Ana River Base Flows
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PyrogramPyrogram of Prado Wetlands Effluentof Prado Wetlands Effluent
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Continuous Cleaning as a StrategyContinuous Cleaning as a Strategy
Dewatering, Drying and Scraping Allowed Dewatering, Drying and Scraping Allowed only Once or Twice a Year Cleaningonly Once or Twice a Year Cleaning
Continuous Cleaning Could Provide as much Continuous Cleaning Could Provide as much as 50% more Annual Recharge as 50% more Annual Recharge
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The Basin Cleaning Vehicle (BCV) was The Basin Cleaning Vehicle (BCV) was Designed to Provide Continuous Cleaning, thus Designed to Provide Continuous Cleaning, thus
Avoiding the Dewatering and Avoiding the Dewatering and Mechanical CleaningMechanical Cleaning
HOODACHIMEDE SCREW
GPS BUOY
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The BCV is Equipped with Support The BCV is Equipped with Support System and Designed for System and Designed for
Automatic OperationAutomatic Operation
BCV-2TETHER REEL CONTROL VANAIR
COMPRESSOR
SLURRY PIPE STORAGE
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BCV Testing Maintained Percolation BCV Testing Maintained Percolation RatesRates
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The BCV after a Hard Days WorkThe BCV after a Hard Days Work
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GWRS Treatment Technologies will GWRS Treatment Technologies will Incorporate All Advances Since WF 21Incorporate All Advances Since WF 21
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Water Factory 21Water Factory 21
recarbonation
influentflocculation
filtrationcarbon adsorption
clarification reverse osmosis
blending
CO2
transfer thickening recalcining
recycled lime
recycled lime
lime sludge
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The Groundwater The Groundwater Replenishment System Replenishment System
(GWRS)(GWRS)
A New High Quality Water SupplyA New High Quality Water Supply
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Microfiltration is an Effective Microfiltration is an Effective Replacement for the High Lime Replacement for the High Lime
ProcessProcessWater + contaminantsWater + contaminants
under pressureunder pressure
Porous hollow Porous hollow fiberfiber
MF membraneMF membrane PurifiedPurifiedWaterWater
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RO Membrane Is Like a Microscopic RO Membrane Is Like a Microscopic Strainer - Allows Only Water Molecules Strainer - Allows Only Water Molecules to Pass – All Water Treated by ROto Pass – All Water Treated by RO
ProtozoaProtozoa
BacteriaBacteria
VirusVirusOrganicsOrganics
InorganicsInorganics
Water Water MoleculesMolecules
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Water Factory has Led to MembraneWater Factory has Led to MembraneTechnology ImprovementsTechnology Improvements
1976 (CA)1976 (CA)
0.00.0
1.01.0
2.02.0
3.03.0
4.04.0
5.05.0
6.06.0
00150150300300450450600600
Pressure (psi)Pressure (psi)
Ener
gy U
sage
(kW
h/10
00 G
alEn
ergy
Usa
ge (k
Wh/
1000
Gal
))
1980 (TFC)1980 (TFC)1990 (CA)1990 (CA)
1994 (TFC) 1994 (TFC)
1997 (TFC)1997 (TFC)1995 (TFC) 1995 (TFC)
Cellulose Acetate (CA) Thin Film Composite (TFC)Cellulose Acetate (CA) Thin Film Composite (TFC)
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Ultraviolet Light Disinfects through Ultraviolet Light Disinfects through Destruction of Genetic Material of Destruction of Genetic Material of
Pathogens Pathogens
UV is Also Effective in Removing Trace Organics and Possibly PhACs
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Permitting ConcernsPermitting Concerns California Department of Health has California Department of Health has
Jurisdiction over Potable Reuse ProjectsJurisdiction over Potable Reuse Projects Primary Concerns:Primary Concerns:
Waste Water Origin of Santa Ana River Waste Water Origin of Santa Ana River Viral Transport Viral Transport Dissolved Organic ContentDissolved Organic Content Elimination of BlendingElimination of Blending
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Tritium-Helium Age Contours in Years -
300 to 500 ft depth
1510
20
25
5
2
10
5
25
Recharge BasinsRecharge Basins
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GWR System Advanced Water GWR System Advanced Water Treatment Flow DiagramTreatment Flow Diagram
Ultraviolet Ultraviolet Disinfection Disinfection
(UV)(UV)
Brine Brine OCSD OutfallOCSD Outfall
Backwash Backwash OCSD Plant 1OCSD Plant 1
OCSD OCSD Secondary Secondary
EffluentEffluent
MicrofiltrationMicrofiltration(MF)(MF)
Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis(RO)(RO)
Purified Purified WaterWater
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GWRS Produces Lowest Organic GWRS Produces Lowest Organic Content WaterContent Water
0
1
2
3
4
5
6mg/l
SWP CRA SAR GWRS
Total Organic Compounds
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
Percent Recycled Water Injected at Water Factory 21
The GWRS is Proposed to Inject The GWRS is Proposed to Inject without Blendingwithout Blending
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Project Approval ConditionsProject Approval Conditions Forebay SpreadingForebay Spreading
All RO Water/Adequate DilutionAll RO Water/Adequate Dilution Costal Injection – Phased ApproachCostal Injection – Phased Approach
0.5 mg/L TOC0.5 mg/L TOC Initial 75/25 BlendInitial 75/25 Blend 14 Month Monitoring Period14 Month Monitoring Period No Public Health Concerns, then % increaseNo Public Health Concerns, then % increase TIC AnalysesTIC Analyses
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Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks What Is the Sustainability of the District’s What Is the Sustainability of the District’s
Recharge System?Recharge System? Will Nutrient Reduction and Continuous Will Nutrient Reduction and Continuous
Cleaning of the Deep Basins be Sufficient to Cleaning of the Deep Basins be Sufficient to Maintain the Recharge Rates of the System?Maintain the Recharge Rates of the System?
Will the GWRS and Its’ Exceptual Water Will the GWRS and Its’ Exceptual Water Quality Help Sustain the Recharge Rates?Quality Help Sustain the Recharge Rates?
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LegendExisting Injection Well
OCWD Injection Wells Currently inConstruction or in Final Design Stage
Mesa Water
Pipe Legend
Huntington Mesa
Talbert Ave.
Ave.Garfield
Ave.Yorktown
Ave.Adams
Ave.Indianapolis
Sant
a Ana
Rive
r
War
d St
.
Broo
khur
st
Bush
ard
Mag
nolia
St.
St.
St.
St.
BPS
Ellis Ave.Ne
wlan
d
Beac
h B
lvd.
ExistingPhase 1Under Design for OCWD
NORTH
Barrier Pipeline
Newport Mesa
GWR System Phase 1 Injection Wells
Ellis Avenue War
d St
reet
Sea Water Barrier Facilities
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Water Factory 21Water Factory 21
recarbonation
influentflocculation
filtrationcarbon adsorption
clarification reverse osmosis
blending
CO2
transfer thickening recalcining
recycled lime
recycled lime
lime sludge
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Research behind the ProjectResearch behind the Project Microfiltration as a Replacement for the High Microfiltration as a Replacement for the High
Lime ProcessLime Process
Underground Retention and Travel TimesUnderground Retention and Travel Times
Membrane AdvancementsMembrane Advancements
Contaminants of ConcernContaminants of Concern
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GWR System Advanced Water GWR System Advanced Water Treatment Flow DiagramTreatment Flow Diagram
Ultraviolet Ultraviolet Disinfection Disinfection
(UV)(UV)
Brine Brine OCSD OutfallOCSD Outfall
Backwash Backwash OCSD Plant 1OCSD Plant 1
OCSD OCSD Secondary Secondary
EffluentEffluent
MicrofiltrationMicrofiltration(MF)(MF)
Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis(RO)(RO)
Purified Purified WaterWater
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The GWR System Has The GWR System Has Multiple ComponentsMultiple Components
Irvine
Fullerton
OceanOceanOutfallOutfall
OCWDOCWD
Groundwater BasinGroundwater Basin
Santa Ana River
N
Pacific Ocean
Santiago Creek
OCSDOCSDTreatmentTreatmentFacilitiesFacilities
HuntingtonBeach
AdvancedAdvancedWater TreatmentWater TreatmentPlantPlant
Pumping Pumping FacilitiesFacilities
SeawaterSeawaterIntrusionIntrusion Barrier Barrier
Recharge BasinRecharge Basin
GWR PipelineGWR Pipeline
Future Mid-BasinFuture Mid-BasinInjection/RechargeInjection/Recharge
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The GWR System Has The GWR System Has Multiple ComponentsMultiple Components
Irvine
Fullerton
OceanOceanOutfallOutfall
OCWDOCWD
Groundwater BasinGroundwater Basin
Santa Ana River
N
Pacific Ocean
Santiago Creek
OCSDOCSDTreatmentTreatmentFacilitiesFacilities
HuntingtonBeach
AdvancedAdvancedWater TreatmentWater TreatmentPlantPlant
Pumping Pumping FacilitiesFacilities
SeawaterSeawaterIntrusionIntrusion Barrier Barrier
Recharge BasinRecharge Basin
GWR PipelineGWR Pipeline
Future Mid-BasinFuture Mid-BasinInjection/RechargeInjection/Recharge
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Future Water Shortages are Future Water Shortages are PredictedPredicted
Reliability of imported water challenged Reliability of imported water challenged by legal, environmental and population by legal, environmental and population issuesissues
Large population increases in the futureLarge population increases in the future By 2020 — Southern California: 7 million By 2020 — Southern California: 7 million
California: 15 million California: 15 million Unless creative solutions are found, Unless creative solutions are found,
there will be shortages by 2020there will be shortages by 2020 Orange County predicts 150,000 acre-feet Orange County predicts 150,000 acre-feet
shortshort CA Department of Water Resources predicts CA Department of Water Resources predicts
2-4 million acre-feet short2-4 million acre-feet short
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Extensive Studies Indicated that a Extensive Studies Indicated that a large scale reclamation Project large scale reclamation Project would meet future Challengeswould meet future Challenges
Three-phased project; first phase 80 mgd Three-phased project; first phase 80 mgd Uses reliable, proven high tech processes to purify Uses reliable, proven high tech processes to purify
treated wastewater treated wastewater Protects groundwater from seawater intrusionProtects groundwater from seawater intrusion Improves quality of groundwaterImproves quality of groundwater Provides safe and reliable water supply for 200,000 Provides safe and reliable water supply for 200,000
families families Helps defer building another ocean outfallHelps defer building another ocean outfall
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Less energyLess energy Less laborLess labor More flux through More flux through
RO membranesRO membranes Considerable cost Considerable cost
reductionreduction
Water + contaminants under pressureWater + contaminants under pressure
Porous hollow Porous hollow fiberfiber
MF membraneMF membrane Water Water PurifiedPurified
SSSS
SSSS
SS
SS
SSSSSS
SS
SSSS
SSSSSS
SS
Microfiltration was Found an Effective Substitute for the High
Lime Process
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GWRS Treatment Technologies will GWRS Treatment Technologies will Incorporate all advances since WF 21Incorporate all advances since WF 21
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BasinBasin Cleaning VehicleCleaning Vehicle
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NEW FIRM WATER NEW FIRM WATER SUPPLIES OF LOW SUPPLIES OF LOW
SALINITY ARE NEEDEDSALINITY ARE NEEDED
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Santa Ana Well No. 13Santa Ana Well No. 13
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Extensive Studies Indicated that a Extensive Studies Indicated that a large scale reclamation Project large scale reclamation Project would meet future Challengeswould meet future Challenges
Three-phased project; first phase 300 ML/d Three-phased project; first phase 300 ML/d Uses reliable, proven high tech processes to purify Uses reliable, proven high tech processes to purify
treated wastewater treated wastewater Protects groundwater from seawater intrusionProtects groundwater from seawater intrusion Improves quality of groundwaterImproves quality of groundwater Provides safe and reliable water supply for 200,000 Provides safe and reliable water supply for 200,000
families families Helps defer building another ocean outfallHelps defer building another ocean outfall
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The GWR System Has The GWR System Has Multiple ComponentsMultiple Components
Irvine
Fullerton
OceanOceanOutfallOutfall
OCWDOCWD
Groundwater BasinGroundwater Basin
Santa Ana River
N
Pacific Ocean
Santiago Creek
OCSDOCSDTreatmentTreatmentFacilitiesFacilities
HuntingtonBeach
AdvancedAdvancedWater TreatmentWater TreatmentPlantPlant
Pumping Pumping FacilitiesFacilities
SeawaterSeawaterIntrusionIntrusion Barrier Barrier
KraemerKraemer BasinBasin
GWR PipelineGWR Pipeline
Future Mid-BasinFuture Mid-BasinInjection/RechargeInjection/Recharge
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Natural Recharge Enhanced Through Natural Recharge Enhanced Through Deep Spreading BasinsDeep Spreading Basins
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Natural Recharge Enhanced Through Natural Recharge Enhanced Through Deep Spreading BasinsDeep Spreading Basins
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Forebay Recharge FacilitiesForebay Recharge FacilitiesIM
PE
RIA
L H
WY
LA P ALM A AV
O RAN G ET H ORPE AV
NOH L R AN C H RD
N T
US
TIN
AV
SAN TIAG O BL VD
E TAF T A V
VIL LA PAR K R D
N K
RA
EM
ER
BLV
D
SAN TA ANA CAN YO N RD
E BA LL R D
HE
WE
S S
T
KATEL LA AV
LA
KE
VIE
W A
V
N G
LAS
SE
LL ST
E LA PA LM A AV
RIC
HF
I EL
D R
D
SANTI AG O CANYON R D
S P
LA
CE
NTI
A A
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L IN C OLN AV
E OR ANGET H O RPE AV
WA
ND
A R
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TU
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IN A
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KATEL LA AV
GL A
SS
EL
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T
SA N TI A GO CRE E K
CA R
BO
N C
K D
I VE
RS I
ON
C A R B O N C R E E K
SA N T A AN A RIV ER
HUCKBERRYPOND
CON-ROCKBASIN
LITTLEWARNER
WARNERBASIN
LINCOLNBASIN
PLACENTIABASIN
RAYMONDBASIN
DESILTING SYSTEM
MILLERBASIN
KRAEMERBASIN
FIVECOVESBASINS
ANAHEIMLAKE
O F F-RIV ER SY ST EM
SANTIAGOPITS
BU
RR
IS P
IT
San tiago Pip eline
Portions of this map are copyrighted, and reproduce withpermission granted, by THOMS BROS. MAPS
N
EW
S
Non-W aterbearing Formation
Deep Basin Recharge Area
Off River Recharge Area
On River Recharge Area
Inflatable Rubber Dam
Diversion Pipeline
Transfer Tube
Drop Structures
Small (~ 1 foot)
Medium (~ 2 feet)
Large (> 2 feet)
OCWD FOREBAYRECHARGE FACILITIES 0 0.5 1 Mi les
v:\vdr iv e\m aps \forebay\forebay.apr 12/4/98
F ive C ovesInf la tab le D am
Imper ia l Infla table Dam(Headgates)
W eir #4
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Ultraviolet (UV) Doubles as Ultraviolet (UV) Doubles as Disinfectant and Destroyer of Disinfectant and Destroyer of
Contaminants of ConcernContaminants of Concern
NDMA NDMA eliminatedeliminated
1,4 1,4 Dioxane Dioxane eliminated, eliminated, with with peroxide peroxide additionaddition
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Utilizes Two Existing Recharge Utilizes Two Existing Recharge BasinsBasins
Kraemer Basin has Kraemer Basin has high, sustained high, sustained recharge capacity recharge capacity
Utilize Miller Basin Utilize Miller Basin during Kraemer during Kraemer Basin cleaning Basin cleaning operationsoperations
New pipelines New pipelines to both Kraemer to both Kraemer and Miller Basinsand Miller Basins
MillerMillerBasinBasin
KraemerKraemerBasinBasin
Miracoma AvMiracoma Av
Kraemer Av
Kraemer Av
CarbonCarbonCanyonCanyon
DiversionDiversionChannelChannel
GWRGWRPipelinePipeline
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Loren Eiseley, “The Flow of the River,”
The Immense Journey
If there is magic
on this planet,
it is in water.
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If there is magic
on this planet,
it is in water.
Loren Eiseley, “The Flow of the River,” The Immense Journey
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If there is magic on this planet, it is in water.
Loren Eiseley, “The Flow of the River,” The Immense Journey
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Basin ManagementBasin Management Only non-adjudicated basin in Southern Only non-adjudicated basin in Southern
CaliforniaCalifornia Basin managed by these tools:Basin managed by these tools:
Set level of groundwater use Basin Production Set level of groundwater use Basin Production Percentage (BPP) currently 75% of demandPercentage (BPP) currently 75% of demand
Replenishment Assessment (RA)Replenishment Assessment (RA) Fee for going over 75% that makes cost of water Fee for going over 75% that makes cost of water
equal to imported waterequal to imported water
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LegendExisting Injection Well
OCWD Injection Wells Currently inConstruction or in Final Design Stage
Mesa Water
Pipe Legend
Huntington Mesa
Talbert Ave.
Ave.Garfield
Ave.Yorktown
Ave.Adams
Ave.Indianapolis
Sant
a Ana
Rive
r
War
d St
.
Broo
khur
st
Bush
ard
Mag
nolia
St.
St.
St.
St.
BPS
Ellis Ave.Ne
wlan
d
Beac
h B
lvd.
ExistingPhase 1Under Design for OCWD
NORTH
Barrier Pipeline
Newport Mesa
GWR System Phase 1 Injection Wells
Ellis Avenue War
d St
reet
Sea Water Barrier Facilities
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Research behind the ProjectResearch behind the Project Microfiltration as a Replacement for the High Microfiltration as a Replacement for the High
Lime ProcessLime Process
Underground Retention and Travel TimesUnderground Retention and Travel Times
Membrane AdvancementsMembrane Advancements
Contaminants of ConcernContaminants of Concern
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The GWR System will drive down The GWR System will drive down membrane filtration costsmembrane filtration costs
00
500500
19971997 20012001
YeaYearr
Dol
lars
/100
0 ga
llons
/day
of c
apac
ity
Dol
lars
/100
0 ga
llons
/day
of c
apac
ity
250
Microfiltration Costs
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ColoradoRiver
Santa Ana River
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
TDS
(mg/
L)
Secondary Public Health Standard for TDS - 500 mg/L
Concentration of Total Concentration of Total Dissolved Solids in water Dissolved Solids in water causes significant causes significant consumer costs…water consumer costs…water heaters, plumbing heaters, plumbing corrosion, softening, etc.corrosion, softening, etc.
Basin TDS levels will Basin TDS levels will continue to increase due continue to increase due to adverse salt imbalanceto adverse salt imbalance
All Available Sources of Recharge All Available Sources of Recharge Water are high in Dissolved SaltsWater are high in Dissolved Salts
Northern Northern CaliforniaCalifornia
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How the Basin Equity How the Basin Equity Assessment Controls PumpingAssessment Controls Pumping
Replenishment Assessment + Energy
Met rate – groundwater costsImported
Groundwater
75%
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Constructed Wetlands Provide Nutrient Removal
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Flows are Increasing, Per Unit of Flows are Increasing, Per Unit of Rainfall, due to Increased Rainfall, due to Increased
Impervious AreasImpervious Areas Increased Impervious AreasIncreased Impervious Areas
Currently 29 %; Future 34%Currently 29 %; Future 34% First Annual Runoff:First Annual Runoff:
Urban Contaminants … nutrients, pesticides and Urban Contaminants … nutrients, pesticides and herbicidesherbicides
Dairy Animal Wastes … 300,000 Dairy AnimalsDairy Animal Wastes … 300,000 Dairy Animals
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The SAR River Channel is Frequently Cleaned The SAR River Channel is Frequently Cleaned by Storm Flowsby Storm Flows
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Deep Basins Provide for Storm Flow Deep Basins Provide for Storm Flow Capture and Subsequent RechargeCapture and Subsequent Recharge