Download - The Old World Wonders
Group 8
LEANING TOWER OF PISA
Pisa Tower is actually a bell tower
Located in Pisa City, Italia
It is accidentally lean because of the poor foundationand it was set in loose soil
It used to lean at angle of 5.5°, but after restoration,it leans only 3.99° now
HAGIA SOPHIA
Hagia Sophia is a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica,then changed into a mosque and now as a museum
Located in Istanbul, Turkey
First it was a Constantinople, then after 29 May 1453-1931 it became a mosque
It was closed to public for 4 years, then re-opened in1935 as a museum by the Republic of Turkey
It was famous for its massive dome, and believed as“changed the history of architecture”
Also known as Bao’ensi, is a Temple of Gratitude
Located on the south bank of the Yangtze in Nanjing, China
It was built with white porcelain bricks, that reflect thesun’s rays during the day
And at night as many as 140 lamps were hung toilluminate the tower, created a mix of green, yellow,brown and white designs on the side of its
PORCELAIN TOWER OF NANJING
CATACOMBS OF KOM EL SHOQAFA
The name means Mound of Shards
It is a historical archeological site located in Alexandria,Egypt
It is a necropolis that consists of a series of Alexandriantombs, statues, archeological objects of Pharaonic funeralwith Hellenistic and early Imperial Roman influences
It was used as a burial chamber from 2nd-4th century
STONEHENGE
It is located in Wiltshire, English
Stonehenge is composed of earthworks surrounding acircular setting of large standing stones
Archeologists believed it was erected around 2500 AD
In early 20th most of the stones no longer upright stand
It is one of the most famous sites in the world
COLOSSEUM
Colosseum is originally known as giant Amphitheatre
It shaped elliptical and located in Rome, Italy
It is considered as one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engingeering
Colosseum construction started under the emperor Vespasian and completed under Titus
It was capable for 50.000 spectators
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
The Great Wall of China is a series of stone and earthen fortifications
It was a fortifications to protect the Northern borders of Chinese Empire from enemies
It started to built since the 5th century BC
One of the famous wall built between 220-206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang
DIMENSION OF THE GREATWALL
It stretches over approximately 6.400km (4.000 miles) from Shanhaiguan in the East to Lop Nur in the West
A more recent archaeological survey using advanced technologies points out that the entire Great Wall, with all of its branches stretches for 8.851,5 km (5.500,3 miles)
It has been estimated that 2 to 3 million Chinese died as part of the Great Wall project
HISTORY
At first, China was divided into 3 states : Qi, Yan and Zhao and all constructed fortifications to defend their own borders.
Then Qin Shi Huang conquered all to unified, and establishing Qin Dynasty
Qin Shi Huang destructed the former wall sections then built the new wall to connect the remaining wall
This new wall was the started point of The Great Wall
The Great Wall concept was revived again during Ming dynasty in 1449
The Ming construction was stronger and more elaborate than The Qin construction
NOTABLE AREAS
Some notable areas of The Great Wall are in Beijing municipality, which were renovated and regularly visited by tourist nowadays
The example of notable area such as in Shanhaiguanwhich known as the “Number One Pass Under Heaven”
CHARACTERISTIC
Formerly, The Great Wall was mainly built from earth, stones, and wood.
However in Ming Dynasty, bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall
Bricks could bear more weight and endure better than rammed earth