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The Most Widely Used Communication and Automation Technologies in the World
By: Bikramjeet WaraichBy: Bikramjeet Waraich
CEO, HBeonLabsCEO, HBeonLabs
17 Feb 201217 Feb 2012
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Session Description
RFID- An Automatic Identification and Data Capturing Technology used worldwide for automation and control
ZigBee - A very low cost, low power consumption two-way, wireless mesh network communications standard for automation and control
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What is RFID?What is RFID?
• RFID is an ADC(Automatic Data Identification and Capturing) technology that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track...
• RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item
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What Constitutes an RFID System?What Constitutes an RFID System?
• One or more RFID tags
• One or more antennas
• One or more interrogators
• One or more host computers or Embedded Systems
• Appropriate software
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TagInsert
Antenna Reader
Firmware
Customer’sMIS
Host
ApplicationSoftware API
TCP/IP
Power
~
Asset
Asset/Tag
RFID System ComponentsRFID System Components(block diagram)(block diagram)
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RFID OperationRFID Operation
Sequence of CommunicationSequence of Communication• Host Manages Reader(s) and Issues Commands• Reader and tag communicate via RF signal• Carrier signal generated by the reader (upon request
from the host application)• Carrier signal sent out through the antennas• Carrier signal hits tag(s)• Tag receives and modifies carrier signal
– “sends back” modulated signal
• Antennas receive the modulated signal and send them to the Reader
• Reader decodes the data– Results returned to the host application
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RFID OperationsRFID Operations
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What is RFID? -- The TagsWhat is RFID? -- The Tags
• Tags can be read-only or read-write• Tag memory can be factory or field programmed,
partitionable, and optionally permanently locked• Bytes left unlocked can be
rewritten over more than100,000 times
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• Tag ID Only
• Programmable Database Pointer
• Mission Critical Information
• Portable Database
• Read Only (Factory Programmed)
• WORM - Write Once, Read Many times
• Reprogrammable (Field Programmable)
• Read/Write (In-Use Programmable)
RFID System BasicsRFID System Basics
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Tags can be attached to almost anything:
– pallets or cases of product– vehicles– company assets or personnel– items such as apparel,
luggage, laundry– people, livestock, or pets– high value electronics such
as computers, TVs, camcorders
What is RFID? -- The TagsWhat is RFID? -- The Tags
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Are All Tags The Same?Are All Tags The Same?
Basic Types:Active
• Tag transmits radio signal• Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry• High Read Range (300 feet)
Passive• Tag reflects radio signal from reader• Reader powered• Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)
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Variations:– Memory
• Size (16 bits - 512 kBytes +)• Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM• Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam
– Arbitration (Anti-collision)• Ability to read/write one or
many tags at a time– Frequency
• 125KHz - 5.8 GHz– Physical Dimensions
• Thumbnail to Brick sizes – Price (Rs15 to Rs 250)
Are All Tags The Same?Are All Tags The Same?
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What is RFID? -- The ReadersWhat is RFID? -- The Readers• Readers (interrogators) can be at a
fixed point such as– Entrance/exit– Point of sale– Warehouse
• Readers can also be mobile -- tethered, hand-held, or wireless
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How far, how fast, How far, how fast, how much, how many, attached to whathow much, how many, attached to what??
Frequency Regulation Range Data Speed Comments
125-150 kHz Basically unregulated Å 10 cm LowAnimal identificationand factory datacollection systems
13.56 MHzISM band, differingpower levels and dutycycle
< 1mLow tomoderate
Popular frequency forI.C. Cards (SmartCards)
433 MHzNon-specific ShortRange Devices (SRD),Location Systems
1 Š 100 m ModerateAsset tracking for U.S.DoD (Pallets)
860-930 MHz
ISM band (Region 2);increasing use inother regions,differing power levelsand duty cycle
2 Š 5 mModerate tohigh
EAN.UCC GTAG,MH10.8.4 (RTI),AIAG B-11 (Tires)
2450 MHzISM band, differingpower levels and dutycycle
1 Š 2 m HighIEEE 802.11b,Bluetooth, CT,AIAG B-11
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
ApplicationsApplications
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Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications
Bill of LadingMaterial Tracking
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Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications
Electronic receipt & dispatchWrong destination alertElectronic markingPallet/container item tracking
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Conveyor / Assembly LineConveyor / Assembly Line
Read / Write OperationsHigher Accuracy than Bar Code
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Conveyor / Assembly LineConveyor / Assembly Line
Up to 450 fpm60+ items per containerInexpensive tunnelsLonger tunnel more itemsElectronic receiptSortingElectronic marking
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Application ExamplesApplication Examples
Wireless / Batch
Inventory Management Material Handling
By Destination
Material HandlingInspecting / Maintaining
Material HandlingAggregate / De-aggregate
Where is it? What is it?What is inside the box?
Where is it going? Where has it been?Should it be here?
What have I assembled or disassembled?How many do I have? Do I have enough?
Has this been repaired?Is this under warrantee?Has this been inspected?Is this complete? What is the asset’s status or state?
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Shipping ValidationShipping Validation
Tote/Box/Unit Level Inventory
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Logistics Tracking SystemLogistics Tracking System
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WHAT IS ZIGBEE?WHAT IS ZIGBEE?
A very low cost, low power consumption two-way,
wireless communications standard for automation,
toys, & PC peripherals etc.
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The Need for ZigBee
Low Power consumption6 months to 5 years battery life for most applications
Low CostAt least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions
High density of nodes per network250 nodes per network, multiple co-located networks
Data rate requirements Few bits to 250kbps sufficient
Simple protocol, Global Implementation2.4GHz
Standard in a fragmented marketMany proprietary solutions, interoperability issuesPent up demand due to lack of standard
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Objective of ZigBee
• Interoperable consumer devices• Open industry specification• Peripheral, control and entertainment
devices Lowest cost and lowest power consumption
• Anywhere in and around the home
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Wireless Connectivity Industry Outlook
10
100
1,000
10,000
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Bandwidthkbps
Ricochet
HomeRF
OpenAir
802.11b
Bluetooth
WLAN technologies
GSM GPRS
RangeMeters
802.11g
ZigBee
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Network Topology
Virtual links
Network coordinator
Network node
Communications flow
IEEE node
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Other Network Forms
Network coordinator
Communications flow
Ad-hoc network
Gateway
Network node
Gateway enabled network
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Supported Traffic Types
• Periodic data– Application defined rate
• Intermittent– Basic communication
• Repetitive low latency data– Allocation of guaranteed time slots
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Target Applications 1
Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home Theatre TV)
Computer peripherals;HID devices
Video conference equipmentRemote Control
Video gaming equipmentMulti-player PC & video gamesPlaying a PC DVD game in front of a TV monitor
Remote controls for audio and video equipmentPC Enhanced & stand alone toys
In-room coverageHome+yard coverage
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Target Applications 2
• Home appliances/general consumer electronic devices– Existing home security systems, electrical & heating systems– Wireless door and opening monitoring, system control– Wireless Keypads– Smoke and flame detectors– Lighting and remote control of appliances in the home;
• Blinds/Shades• Pool/Spa equipment• Garage door openers
– Voice Control
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Human Input Devices (HID)KeyboardMouse / Pointing DeviceRemote Controls (controls for audio & video equipment)Gaming Device
Home Automation and ControlAutomation DevicesControl Devices
Home SecurityInteractive Toys
Target Applications 3
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Target Market:
Low Data Rate Radio Devices
· Mouse
· Keyboard
· Joystick
· Gamepad
Security HVAC Lighting Closures
PETs Gameboys Educational
Monitors Diagnostics Sensors
Industrial & Commercial
Consumer Electronics
Personal Healthcare
· Monitors
· Sensors
· Automation
· Control
Toys &
Games
Home Automation
PC Peripherals
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Thank Thank You!You!
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Contact Details:
Mr. Bikramjeet Singh
Founder & CEO,
HBeonLabs
Email ID: [email protected]
Contact No. 09212314779