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ABU DHABI, United Arab Emirates —Prince Mohammed bin Zayed, the 29-year-old commander of the almost negli-gible air force of the United Arab Emir-ates, had come to Washington shoppingfor weapons.

In 1991, in the months after Iraq’s inva-sion of Kuwait, the young prince wanted tobuy so much military hardware to protecthis own oil-rich monarchy — from Hellfiremissiles to Apache helicopters to F-16 jets— that Congress worried he might de-stabilize the region.

But the Pentagon, trying to cultivate ac-commodating allies in the Gulf, had identi-fied Prince Mohammed as a promisingpartner. The favorite son of the semi-liter-ate Bedouin who founded the United ArabEmirates, Prince Mohammed was a seri-ous-minded, British-trained helicopter pi-lot who had persuaded his father to trans-fer $4 billion into the United States treas-ury to help pay for the 1991 war in Iraq.

Richard A. Clarke, then an assistantsecretary of state, reassured lawmakersthat the young prince would never be-

other country. His influence operation in Washington

is legendary (Mr. Clarke got rich on hispayroll). His military is the Arab world’smost potent, equipped through its workwith the United States to conduct high-tech surveillance and combat operationsfar beyond its borders.

For decades, the prince has been a keyAmerican ally, following Washington’slead, but now he is going his own way. Hisspecial forces are active in Yemen, Libya,Somalia and Egypt’s North Sinai. He hasworked to thwart democratic transitionsin the Middle East, helped install a reli-able autocrat in Egypt and boosted a pro-tégé to power in Saudi Arabia.

At times, the prince has contradictedAmerican policy and destabilized neigh-bors. Rights groups have criticized himfor jailing dissidents at home, for his rolein creating a humanitarian crisis in Yem-en, and for backing the Saudi princewhose agents killed the dissident writerJamal Khashoggi.

Yet under the Trump administration,

come “an aggressor.”“The U.A.E. is not now and never will be

a threat to stability or peace in the region,”Mr. Clarke said in congressional testi-mony. “That is very hard to imagine. In-deed, the U.A.E. is a force for peace.”

Thirty years later, Prince Mohammed,now 58, crown prince of Abu Dhabi and defacto ruler of the United Arab Emirates, isarguably the most powerful leader in theArab world. He is also among the most in-fluential foreign voices in Washington,urging the United States to adopt his in-creasingly bellicose approach to the re-gion.

Prince Mohammed is almost unknownto the American public and his tiny coun-try has fewer citizens than Rhode Island.But he may be the richest man in theworld. He controls sovereign wealthfunds worth $1.3 trillion, more than any

As the United Arab Emirates’ de facto ruler, Prince Mohammed bin Zayed controls the Arab world’s most potent military.POOL PHOTO BY ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS

The Most Powerful Prince in WashingtonBy DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK

Continued on Page 10

Emirati Ruler Shapes Policyas Military Agenda Grows

SEATTLE — The fatal flawswith Boeing’s 737 Max can betraced to a breakdown late in theplane’s development, when testpilots, engineers and regulatorswere left in the dark about a fun-damental overhaul to an auto-mated system that would ulti-mately play a role in two crashes.

A year before the plane was fin-ished, Boeing made the systemmore aggressive and riskier.While the original version reliedon data from at least two types ofsensors, the ultimate used justone, leaving the system without acritical safeguard. In both doomedflights, pilots struggled as a singledamaged sensor sent the planesinto irrecoverable nose-diveswithin minutes, killing 346 peopleand prompting regulators aroundthe world to ground the Max.

But many people involved inbuilding, testing and approvingthe system, known as MCAS, saidthey hadn’t fully understood thechanges. Current and former em-ployees at Boeing and the FederalAviation Administration whospoke with The New York Timessaid they had assumed the systemrelied on more sensors and wouldrarely, if ever, activate. Based onthose misguided assumptions,many made critical decisions, af-fecting design, certification andtraining.

“It doesn’t make any sense,”said a former test pilot whoworked on the Max. “I wish I hadthe full story.”

While prosecutors and lawmak-ers try to piece together whatwent wrong, the current and for-mer employees point to the single,fateful decision to change the sys-tem, which led to a series of designmistakes and regulatoryoversights. As Boeing rushed toget the plane done, many of theemployees say, they didn’t recog-nize the importance of the deci-sion. They described a compart-mentalized approach, each ofthem focusing on a small part of

THE LATE CHANGE,AND FATAL FLAWS,IN BOEING’S PLANE

RELYING ON LONE SENSOR

Assumptions Resulted inChain of Design and

Regulatory Lapses

This article is by Jack Nicas, Nat-alie Kitroeff, David Gelles andJames Glanz.

Continued on Page 20

NEWS ANALYSIS

WASHINGTON — PresidentTrump plans to throw his fullweight behind Benjamin Netan-yahu’s campaign to save his jobas prime minister of Israel. Butto do that, analysts and formerdiplomats said, the president willhave to sacrifice any last hopesof proposing a peace plan that isacceptable to both Israelis andPalestinians.

Mr. Trump’s son-in-law andsenior adviser, Jared Kushner,met Mr. Netanyahu in Jerusalemto discuss the status of the planon Thursday, hours after theprime minister failed to form agoverning coalition. Mr. Kushneremerged with a longer timetableand a narrower diplomatic mis-sion, these people said.

Rather than make concessionsto the Palestinians, Mr. Kushnerwill be under pressure to tilt theplan ever further in Israel’s favor.Far from being a bold effort tobreak decades of enmity betweenthe two sides, it could end upbecoming a vehicle to resurrectMr. Netanyahu’s political for-tunes and to protect Mr. Trump’s.

The plan, which Mr. Kushnerhas drafted under a veil of se-crecy for more than two years,was already looking like adoomed effort. Though its detailsremain unknown, Mr. Kushnerhas suggested it will not call forthe creation of a Palestinianstate, jettisoning decades ofAmerican policy toward theconflict. The Palestinians havevowed to reject it out of hand,branding it a blueprint for Israelidomination.

Certainly, a wounded Mr. Ne-tanyahu lost no time in exploiting

Plan for PeaceIn the MideastMay See Shift

Trump Faces Pressureto Rescue Israeli Leader

By MARK LANDLER

Continued on Page 14

Jian Liu, a 20-year-old fashion studentin 1989, has decided to reveal images hetook of China’s hopeful student move-ment, and its bloody aftermath. PAGE 13

INTERNATIONAL 4-14

60 Rolls of Tiananmen FilmWith the explosive growth of socialmedia, more candidates are focusingless on Iowa and New Hampshire tochase viral moments elsewhere. PAGE 23

NATIONAL 16-23

2020 Primary Map ExpandsIn the 1960s and ’70s, Mr. Max was acountercultural art icon. But dementiastopped him from painting. For some,his decline spelled opportunity. PAGE 1

SUNDAY BUSINESS

The Misfortunes of Peter Max Amber Scorah PAGE 1

SUNDAY REVIEW

U(D547FD)v+?!$!_!#!;

VIRGINIA BEACH — Elevenof them were civil servants, thekind of people who worked on con-struction projects and water qual-ity and right of way issues. An-other was a local contractor whohad come by to talk about a per-mit.

Between them, they had morethan 150 years of experience help-ing to make Virginia’s largest citywork — the unelected, behind-the-scenes figures who drew up plans,issued permits and performed thevital jobs that help keep a commu-nity intact. And on Friday, theirlives ended with a man’s barrageof bullets in a three-floor rampagethat once again pushed the na-tion’s death toll from mass shoot-ings higher.

“Today, we all grieve,” David L.

Hansen, the Virginia Beach citymanager, said on Saturday. “Ihave worked with most of themfor many years. We want you toknow who they were, so in thedays and weeks to come, you willlearn what they meant to all of us.”

He then began a grim, haltingroll call of the dead, their jobs andtheir lengths of service. Hestarted with LaQuita Brown, andhe ended with Herbert Snelling,the contractor. It lasted nearlythree minutes.

Only after the last name wasread did Mr. Hansen pause andask the police chief to talk about“that 13th person,” the 15-year cityemployee who opened fire inBuilding No. 2. Chief James A.Cervera identified the dead sus-pect, DeWayne Craddock, andsaid it would be “the only time we

Spray of Bullets in a Virginia CityShatters a Team of Civil Servants

This article is by Alan Blinder,Glenn Thrush and Sandra E. Garcia.

Frank Janes, a city engineer, and his wife, Cathie, during a vigil for the Virginia Beach victims.JULIA RENDLEMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page 17

WASHINGTON — PresidentTrump pushed ahead with plansto impose tariffs on Mexico overthe objections of several top advis-ers, including his son-in-law, Jar-ed Kushner, opting to side withhard-line officials who were advo-cating the move, according to mul-tiple administration officials andpeople briefed on their plans.

For several weeks, Mr. Trump’stop economic advisers have beenurging the president not to usetariffs to punish Mexico for failingto stop the flow of migrants intothe United States. Mr. Kushner,along with Steven Mnuchin, theTreasury secretary, and RobertLighthizer, Mr. Trump’s top tradenegotiator, has warned that themove would imperil the presi-dent’s other priorities, like pas-sage of a revised North Americantrade agreement with Canada andMexico.

But in recent weeks, Mr. Trump,whose anger toward Mexico hadsteadily grown, brought up theidea of using tariffs, and the issue

Trump WentAgainst AidesOn Tariff Plan

This article is by Ana Swanson,Maggie Haberman and AlanRappeport.

Continued on Page 18

FALLOUT FROM MEXICO As atrade war spreads, businessescould lose a safe harbor. PAGE 18

The women’s draw at the French Openbecame wide open as Serena Williamsand Naomi Osaka, the No. 1 seed, weredefeated in straight sets. PAGE 1

SPORTSSUNDAY

Williams and Osaka Exit Paris

Late Edition

VOL. CLXVIII . . . No. 58,346 © 2019 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, SUNDAY, JUNE 2, 2019

A NEW T E L EVIS I O N SE R I E S I N PURSU I T OF TH E TRUT H

Debuts 10 p.m. ET tonight on Monday on

Today, clouds and sunshine, heavyafternoon and evening thunder-storms, high 79. Tonight, cloudy, low54. Tomorrow, mostly sunny, high69. Weather map is on Page 22.

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