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The Medieval Era
500-1500 AD
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What are the Middle Ages?
Era began in 500 and ended in 1400 with the sack of Rome.
The Church held absolute power.
AKA the “Dark Ages” where literature and the arts was shining at its brightest.
The church scared the people into submission by striking fear of god in the hearts of the people.
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Feudalism
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Tenet #1: Religion
• The people knew about religion and so it reflect in all the pieces during the era.
“God took no joy in that feud, but banished him, for his deed, far from mankind” (Beowulf 4)
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Tenet #2: Code of Chivalry
Rules for Knights that extended beyond the battlefield (does not really apply to those below the feudalistic rank of Lords).
Rules
Bravery
Courtesy
Honor
Gallantry towards women
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Code of Chivalry
“Then the bold one in battle showed them the home of brave men where it shone, that they might go to it straightaway; he, one from among its warsmen, turned his horse and word spake after… (Beowulf 8)
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[King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.]
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List of the Code of Chivalry
To fear God and maintain His Church
To serve the liege lord in valour and faith
To protect the weak and defenceless
To give succour to widows and orphans
To refrain from the wanton giving of offence
To live by honour and for glory
To despise pecuniary reward
To fight for the welfare of all
To obey those placed in authority
To guard the honour of fellow knights
To eschew unfairness, meanness and deceit
To keep faith
At all times to speak the truth
To persevere to the end in any enterprise begun
To respect the honour of women
Never to refuse a challenge from an equal
Never to turn the back upon a foe
[Knights Code of Chivalry]
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Tenet #3: Courtly Love
• “The poor woman wept on his shoulder, sorrowed for him in rung. The warrior went up on the pile… roared before the barrow; the heads melted, the slashed broke apart when the blood sprang, out from the body’s deadly wounds”(Beowulf 23)
• The knight must do something (kill a beast), to be worthy of the lady’s love.
• Did not exist until feudalism and the concept of loyalty began, after the sack of Rome, which is when the era began.
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Tenet #4: Counter Culture & Carnival Spirit
The lower classes deviate from the norms to make themselves feel better.
The middle ages was a time where the lower class was against all the “fluff” feudalism brought.
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Tenet #5: Allegories
Every book that has no author is an allegory because it is a story that has been passed down from generation to generation. (Beowulf)
Allegories are used to show the authors morals.
Good V.S Evil (somewhat Christian)
Beowulf represents good, while Grendel, his mother, and the dragon represent evil.
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Tenet # 6: Fortune & Fate
“Wheel of Fortune”
“Fate is capricious”
Has both Christian and Pagan aspects.
Everyone realized that everything happens by chance and god controls whether you succeed or fail.
Goes back to the dependence on religion.
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Fortune and Fate
Beowulf attributes his victories to fate throughout the poem and if the wheel of fortune was not spinning in his favor he would have died a long time ago.
“Grendel’s mother kept thought of her sorrow, a she-one, a monster wife, that was fated to dwell midst the water’s terrors, in the cold streams…”
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Works Cited
Beowulf. New York: Dover Publications, 1992. Web.
"FEUDALISM by Amy Stuart." FEUDALISM. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2014.
"Knights Code of Chivalry." Knights Code of Chivalry. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2014.