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THE MAJOR LINEAGES OF
LIFEMRS. SANDY GOMEZ
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Taxonomy Schemes
0Two Kingdom System (Carl Linnaeus)
0Five Kingdom System (Robert Whittaker)
0Three Domain System (Carl Woese)
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THE TWO KINGDOM SYSTEM
0 Initially used by Linneus
0Divided all life forms into:
0 Plants
0 Animals
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THE TWO KINGDOM SYSTEM
Kingdom 1 Kingdom 2
Plants Animals
Included: bacteria, plants, fungi, chloroplast containing protist
Included: animals and every other organism that moved and ingested food
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THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM
0 Initially used by Robert H. Whittaker
0He divided organisms into 5 kingdoms, according to their
type of cell, eating habits and movement.
0Recognized the two types of cells:
0 Prokaryotes (1 kingdom)
0 Eukaryotes (4 kingdoms)
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THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM
5 kingdoms
Animals or Animalia
Plants or Plantae
ProtistMonera or Prokaryotes
Fungi or Mycota
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THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM0According to Linneaus:
0 Plants are autotrophic in nutritional mode, making their
food by photosynthesis.
0 Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that are absorptive in
nutritional mode. Most fungi are decomposers.
0 Animals live by ingesting food and digesting it within
specialized cavities.
0 Protista consisted of all eukaryotes that did not fit the
definition of plants, fungi, or animals. Most of them are
unicellular.
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THE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM
0 But, eventually, pointed out some
problems:
0 There are two distinct lineages of
prokaryotes.
0 The diverse eukaryotes formerly
collected in the kingdom Protista.
0 Like any classification scheme, the five-kingdom system is not a natural fact
but a human construct.
0 Is one attempt to order the diversity of life into a scheme that is useful and
reasonable.
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THE THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM0 Introduced by Carl Woese
0 The three domains, are essentially super-
kingdoms, a taxonomic level even higher
than the kingdom level.
0 Bacteria
0 Archaea
0 Eukarya
0 Scheme that is used today
0 Schemes change with new scientific
discoveries
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THE THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM
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