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TheLifeofImamalHasanalAskari
Author
:
Baqir
Shareef
al
Qurashi
Introduction
Birthandupbringing
Impressionsabouthim
Impressionsabout
him
Hisletters
Wordsoflight
WiththeHolyQuran
Histraditionsandjurisprudence
Hiscompanions
and
the
narrators
of
his
traditions
Supplement
Theageoftheimam
OppressionAndTyrannyOfViziers
Thekingsintheageoftheimam
TheReign
Of
Al
Muntasir
Tothebetterworld
Referencebooks
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Dedication
Introduction
InTheNameOfAllah,TheBeneficentTheMerciful
ImamAbuMuhammadalHasanbinAlialAskari(a.s.)istheeleventhimamoftheinfallible
imamsoftheAhlulBayt(a.s)whocarriedthebannerofIslam,undertookthegoalsofthetrue
religion,sacrificedtheirlivesintoitsway,andaccustomedthemselvestofacedisasters,
difficulties,andhardshiptospreadthehighvaluesandgoalsofthisreligionandhowmany
favors
they
had
done
to
Muslims!
Thisgreatimamhadintellectual,scientifictalentsandpowersthatmadehimoneofthe
geniusmenofthehumanintellect,ashewasoneoftheheroesofhistorybyhisresistingthe
differenteventsandhisstandingagainstthedeviate,oppressiveAbbasidrule.Herebelled
againstthecorruptiveregimesandsparednoeffortinachievingtruthandjusticeamong
people.
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)waslikehisfathersinhistendenciesandaims.Theyallwerelike
eachotherinreachingthehighestranksofvirtueandperfection.
Inhiswideknowledge,hewasnonesuchathistime.Historianssaythathewasthemost
knowledgeableoneinthereligiousverdictsandaffairsandthatallscholarsandulama
ofhisagewereinneedofhimtoladlefromthefountofhisknowledgeandsciences.
Hewasthemostdevoted,piousworshipperofallpeopleofhistime.Hepreferredthe
obedienceofAllahtoeverything.Hewasthemostpatientandforbearingone.Hesuppressed
hisangerandpardonedwhoeverdidhimwrong.Hewasthemostgenerous,thekindestto
thepoor,andthemostcharitabletotheneedy.Heappointedagentsinmanycountriesofthe
Islamicworld
entrusting
them
with
the
distributing
of
the
legal
dues,
which
came
to
him,
amongthepoorandtheweakofMuslimstogetthemoutoftheirpovertyanddeprivation,
whereashehimselflivedlikethepoor.Hepaidnoattentiontothepleasuresanddesiresof
thislifelikehisfatherswhoturnedtheirbackstothisworldandturnedcompletelytowards
Allahandtheafterworld.
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HistoriansmentionthatallpeopleglorifiedandhonoredImamalAskari(a.s.)and
acknowledgedhisvirtueandpreferencetoalloftheAlawidsandtheAbbasidsathistime.
Whentheimam(a.s.)cametotheAbbasidroyalpalace,everyoneoftheattendantsstoodup
andbowedglorifyinghim.Viziers,clerks,armyleaders,andallstatesmenregardedhimso
highly.AlFat~hbinKhaqan,theprimeministerofalMutawakkil,preferredImamalHasanal
Askari(a.s.)
to
all
eminent
scholars
and
ulama
and
acknowledged
that
no
one
had
the
virtues
andqualitiesthattheimam(a.s.)hadatthattime.
Itwasnaturalthatthenation,withallclasses,regardedandglorifiedImamAbuMuhammad
(a.s.)fortheysawhisguidance,piety,righteousness,asceticism,loyaltytothetruth,and
devotednesstoAllah.TheywerecertainthathewasthecaliphofAllahintheearthandthe
onlyrepresentativeofhis
grandfatherthegreatProphet(a.s.).Inadditiontothat,ImamalHasanalAskari(a.s.)
undertookthefatalissuesoftheIslamicnationanddefendedtherightsofMuslims.He
criticizedtherulersofhistimeforwrongingpeopleanddisregardingtheirrights.Therefore,
thenationglorifiedhimandacknowledgedhisnecessaryleadership.
TheAbbasidkingsbecamedispleasedwhentheysawandheardthatthemassesglorified
ImamalHasanalAskari(a.s.),andthatgreatnumbersofMuslimsbelievedinhisimamate
andthoughtthathewasworthierofthecaliphatethantheAbbasidswhohadnoqualitythat
mightmakethemfitfortheIslamiccaliphate.Spiteagainsttheimam(a.s.)filledtheheartsof
theAbbasidrulerswhotooksevereproceduresagainsthim.Theyimposedeconomical
blockadeagainsthim,andputhimunderhousearrestinSamarra.Theysurroundedhimwith
policemenanddetectivestowatchevenhisbreaths.Theysubjectedeveryonewhocontacted
withhimtoseverepunishments.ThiswasasIthinkthereasonthatmadejustfewnarrators
narratetraditionsfromhim,andsonotmanymaxims,literatures,andreligiousrulingswere
transmittedfromhim.
TherewasanotherverysensitivereasonthatledtheAbbasidstowatchImamalHasanal
Askari(a.s.)strictly.ItwasthatImamalHasanalAskari(a.s.)wasthefatherofImam
MuhammadalMahdi(a.s.)theawaitedsaviorandreformerwhowouldfilltheworldwith
justice,andwoulddestroyoppressorsandoppression.TheProphet(a.s)andhisguardians
gavegoodtidings,andtoldthenationthatthissaviorwouldspreadpolitical,socialjusticein
theearth,andallMuslimsofdifferenttrendsbelievedinthat.Therefore,theAbbasidswere
afraidofthatandthoughtthathewouldremovetheirruleandauthority.Theyspreadspies
onImam
alHasanalAskari(a.s.)toknowhisson.Theysentfemalespiestoseewhichofhiswives
wouldgivebirthtoamalebabytobetakenaway,butAllahtheAlmightymadethepregnancy
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andthebirthofImamalMahdi(a.s.)unknownasHehadmadethebirthofProphetMoses
(a.s.)unknowntothePharaoh.
ThisbookstudiestheageofImamalAskari(a.s.)andallitsevents.Thestudyoftheageis
necessarybecauseitshedslightsontheintellectual,social,economical,politicallifeofthat
age,and
naturally
it
has
direct
influence
on
the
life
of
one
who
lives
in
that
very
age,
besides
thatituncoversthedimensionsofhislifeandpersonalityandtheextentoftheinfluenceof
theeventsofthatageonhim.
Thebookshowstheeconomicallifeofthatagewhichwasneithersoundnorstablebut
confusedandparalyzed.TheAbbasidgovernmentsattheageofImamalAskari(a.s.)didnot
achieveeaseforpeopleorthenoblelifethatIslamwantedforthenation.Excessivewealth
wasaccumulatedinthepossessionofthemembersoftheAbbasidfamily,statesmen,and
theiragents.Theyspentlavishly.Theyappropriatedthetreasuresoftheearthwhilethe
majorityoftheMuslimpeoplessufferedpovertyanddeprivationbesidesthepains,sufferings,
andsubjugationtheyfacedfromthegovernmentofficialsincollectingthelandtaxandother
taxes.
WehavealsopresentedastudyonthekingsoftheageofImamalAskari(a.s.).Mostofthose
kingswereinsignificantandineffective.Theysubmittedtotheirlustsanddesiresandwere
fondofmaidsandsongstresses.Theirrednightswerefulloferring.Theywereindifferentto
whatAllahhadorderedtheguardiansofMuslimstodoinordertobetterthe
generallifeofthenation,toofferthenecessaryservicesforpeople,andtofindequivalent
opportunitiesforallcitizens.However,mostAbbasidkingsdidnothingofthat.Ratherthey
appropriatedthewealthofAllahforthemselvesandtookthepeopleofAllahasslaves.They
ranthenationviolentlyandoppressively.TheyentrustedtheTurks,whowereharsh,
ignorant,andunawareofadministrationandpolitics,withabsoluteauthorityoverthenation,
andtheysankthenationintoseditionsanddisasters.
Loyaltyimposesonaresearcherwhoresearchesinhistorytolookintothehistoricalfactswith
accuracyandscrutiny.Manyhistoricalfactsandeventsweremixedtogether,distorted,or
fabricatedbecausesomehistoriansintendedtooverlooktheerrorsofsomekingsandrulers.
Theytriedtopraisethemwithnobleepithetsandgoodqualitiesthattheydidnothave,
whereas,infact,thosekingsandrulersweretheworsttyrantswhothrewthenationintoan
abyssofoppressionandcorruption,andexploitedtheeconomyofthestatefortheirown
pleasuresandfancies,andafflictedthepublicwithpovertyandwretchedness.Itisneither
fromfidelitynorfromtruthtoregardthosetyrantswiththeeyeofholinessandsacredness
andtotrustinthemasidealpersonalities.ItistoonecessarytostudytheIslamichistory
thoughtfully,impartially,andawayfromanyfanaticism.Authorsmustwritejustforthetruth
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andthegoodofthenation.
Also,inthisbook,wehavementionedagroupofjurisprudents,scholars,andnarratorswho
narratedtraditionsfromImamAbuMuhammadalAskari(a.s.)andtookfromhisknowledge
andsciences.ThisisnecessaryasIthinkbecauseitcompletestheresearchonthenoble
personalityof
the
imam
(a.s.)
for
it
shows
the
extent
of
his
association
with
the
men
of
knowledgeandtheirassociationwithhimatthatcritical
periodwheretheAbbasidgovernmentputtheimamunderseverewatch,andpunished
whoeverassociatedwithhim.Thisconfinementaffectedtheimam(a.s.)andcausedhim
muchpain,becausenothingwouldbemorepainfultothegeniusandtalentedpersonsmore
thanpreventingthemfromshowingtheirknowledgeandsciencesandtransmittingtheir
opinionsandideasafterthem.
Andhere,IfinditfromgratefulnessandloyaltytothegreateffortsofthegrandAllamamy
brotherSheikhHadiSharifalQurashiwhowentthroughsomereferencebooksconcerning
thesubjectofthisbookbesideshisusefuldirectionsandvaluableinstructions.IprayAllahto
rewardhimwiththebestofHisrewardthatHerewardsHisloyalpeoplewith.
HolyNajafBaqirSharifalQurashi
Birthandupbringing
TheImamsNobleLineage
ImamAbuMuhammadalHasanalAskari(a.s.)wasfromtheheartofthepropheticfamilyby
whichAllahhadhonoredtheArabsandMuslims.Itwastheholiestfamilythathadundertakenthe
issuesoftruthandjusticeamongallpeoplesoftheearth.Therewas,is,andwillbenolineagein
thisworldlikethisnoblelineagewhichImamalAskari(a.s.)belongedto.
HewasthesonofImamalHadibin[1]ImamMuhammadalJawadbinImamAliarRedhabin
ImamMusaalKadhimbinImamJafarasSadiqbinImamMuhammadalBaqirbinImamAli
ZaynolAabidin(asSajjad)binImamalHusaynbinImamAlibinAbuTalib(peacebeonthem).
TheseweretheinfallibleimamsoftheAhlulBayt(a.s)whomAllahhadkeptuncleannessaway
fromandpurifiedathoroughpurifying,andwhomtheProphet(a.s)hadmadeastheboatof
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rescueandsafetyforpeople.
[1]Binmeanssonof.
HisFather
HisfatherwasImamAlialHadi(a.s.),thetenthimamoftheShia.Hewasfromthemastersofthe
AhlulBayt(a.s)andthemostknowledgeable,pious,andvirtuousofallpeopleathistime.
HisMother
Hismotherwasthebestofwomenathertimeinherchastity,purity,andpiety.Historianssayshe
wasfromthegoodknowingwomen.[1]ImamalHadi(a.s.)praisedherbysaying,Saleel(her
name)waspurifiedfromerror,defect,andimpurity.[2]
Shewasabondmaid[3]fromanNawbah.[4]Itdidnotharmherthatshewasabondmaid,forman
intheviewofIslamisexaltedbyhisguidance,piety,andpropriety,andheisdegradedby
deviationfromtherightpath.
Historiansdisagreedonhername.SomeofthemsaidhernamewasSaleelwhichwasthemost
correctaccordingtotheprevioustraditionofImamalHadi(a.s.).Somesaidshewascalled
Sawsan.[5]OtherssaidhernamewasHadithah,[6]andotherssaidHareebah.
[1]UyunalMujizat.
[2]AyanashShia,vol.3p.289.
[3]UsulalKafi.
[4]SirrasSilsilahathThahabiyyah,p.39.AnNawbahisawideareainthesouthofEgypt.The
Prophet(a.s)praisedthepeopleofanNawbahbysaying,Whoeverhasnobrother,lethimtakea
brotherfromanNawbah.
[5]BiharalAnwar,vol.50p.37.
[6]AlIrshad,p.315.
TheGreatNewbornChild
Thebirthofthenewbornboy,AbuMuhammad,thedescendantofprophethoodandthe
remainderofimamate,madetheworldshineandmadeYathrib(Medina)andSamarrabloom.
Thisgreatnewbornbabywasthecontinuityofthelifeofhisinfalliblefatherswholitthe
intellectuallifeintheworldofIslam.DelightandjoyfilledtheheartsofthePropheticfamilyfor
theyknewthathewouldbetheimamafterhisfatherasImamalHadi(a.s.)hadtoldthem.
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SomehistorianssaidhewasborninMedina,[1]andsomeotherssaidinSamarra.[2]Historians
alsogavedifferentdatesforhisbirth.ItwassaidthathewasborninRabeealAwwal[3]
230AH,[4]or231,[5]or232,[6]or233.[7]
CeremoniesOfBirth
Afterthebirthofthisblessedson,ImamalHadi(a.s.)recitedtheazaninhisrightear,andthe
eqamainhisleftear.Thiswasthefirsthymnthatthisblessednewbornbabymetlifewith;Allah
isgreat,thereisnogodbutAllah.
Ontheseventhdayafterbirth,ImamalHadi(a.s.)cutthehairofhisnewbornchildandgave
silverorgoldasmuchastheweightofhissonshairtothepoorascharity.
[1]AkhbaradDuwal,p.117,BahralAnsab,p.2,TuhfatalImam,p.86,IlalashSharayi.
[2]JawahiralAhkam.
[3]ThethirdmonthintheIslamiccalendar.
[4]BiharalAnwar,vol.50p.35,TareekhAbulFida,vol.2p.48,IlalashSharayi.
[5]AnNujoomazZahirah,vol.3p.32,SirrasSilsilahalAlawiyyah,p.39.
[6]BahralAnsab,p.2,AkhbaradDuwal,p.117,alIttihafBihubilAshraf,p.86,alKamil,vol.5
p.373.
[7]EncyclopediaofalBustani,vol.7p.45.
HisNameAndSurname
ImamalHadi(a.s.)namedhisblessednewbornchildasalHasanlikethenameofhisgreatuncle,
themasteroftheyouthofParadise.HesurnamedhimasAbuMuhammad,[1]andMuhammad
wasthenameoftheawaitedImamalMahdi(a.s.),thegreatreformerandsaviorofhumanityand
thesoughthopeofthedeprivedandthedisabledintheearth.
HisEpithets
Hisepithetsexpressedhishighandnoblequalities.Hewascalled:
1.AlKhalis(thepure)[2]
2.AlHadi(theguide)[3]
3.AlAskari(military);[4]hewascalledsobecauseofthecountry(Samarra)helivedinwhichwas
amilitarycamp.
4.AzZakiy(pure,chaste,righteous)[5]
5.AlKhass(peculiar),[6]thatAllahhaddistinguishedhimwithvirtuesandwiththerespondingto
hissupplications
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6.AsSamit(silent),[7]thathewassilentandhespokejustwisdom,knowledge,andthemention
ofAllah
7.AsSiraj(lamp),[8]thathewasasalamplightingthewayandguidingthedeviantto
righteousness
8.AtTaqiy(pious)[9]
[1]AkhbaradDuwal,p.117,BahralAnsab,p.2,TuhfatalAnam,p.86,anNujoomazZahirah,vol.3
p.32.
[2]AkhbaradDuwal,p.117,BahralAnsab,p.2.
[3]BahralAnsab,p.2.
[4]Ibid.
[5]TuhfatalAnam,p.87,BiharalAnwar,vol.50p.236.
[6]TuhfatalAnam,p.87.
[7]Ibid.
[8]JawharatalKalam,p.154.
[9]SafinatalBihar,vol.1p.259.
HisMien
AhmadbinUbaydillahbinKhaqansaidaboutImamalAskari(a.s.),Hewasbrownwithbigeyes,
finestature,beautifulface,andgoodbody.Hehadgravityandsolemnity.[1]Anditwassaidhe
wasbetweenbrownandwhite.[2]
HisUpbringing
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)grewupinthehouseofguidanceandthecenterofimamateand
generalauthorityofMuslimsthatnoblehousewhichAllahhadkeptuncleannessawayfromits
peopleandpurifiedthemthoroughly.
AshShabrawisaysaboutthisexaltedhouse,Whatanhonorablehouseitisandwhataglorious
lineageitis!Itisthehouseofprideandexaltation.Theyareallequalinthenobleroot,inthe
goodinners,andingloryliketheteethofacomb.Howanexaltedhouseitis!Ithascompeted
withtheheaveninitshighnessandnobility,andhasgonehigherthanthepolestarsinrankand
position.Ithasallqualitiesofperfectionthatitisnotexceptedbyotherthanorexcept.These
Imamshavebeenorderedingloryliketheorderofpearls,andharmonizedinhonorthatthefirst
ofthemequalsthenext.ManywerethosewhostrovetodegradethishousebutAllahexaltedand
stillexaltsit,andmanywerethosewhosparednoefforttoseparatetheunityofthishousebut
Allahgatheredandgathersit.HowmanyrightsofthishousewerelostbutAllahdoesnotignore
orlose[3]
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Educationalstudiessaythathousehasgreatinfluenceontheformingofmansbehaviorsandthe
buildingofhis
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.50p.326.
[2]Ibid.,p.238,AkhbaradDuwal,p.117.
[3]Al
Ittihaf
Bihubil
Ashraf,
p.68.
personality.Thegoodorbadscenesheseesinsidethehousearepressedinsidehimandshall
adheretohimthroughouthislife.Inthelightofthisfact,ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)gotthe
highestscenesofthepuresteducation.HegrewupinahousethatAllahhadpurifiedand
exaltedthathousethatraisedtheWordofAllahhighintheearthandoffereddearsacrificesfor
thesakeofIslam.
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)grewupinthehouseoftheQur'anandtheheartofIslam.Hisfather
ImamalHadi(a.s.)fedhimwithguidanceandidealstobethecontinuityofthemissionofIslam.
GodFearing
ThedistinctaspectinthechildhoodofImamAbuMuhammadalHasanalAskari(a.s.)wasthe
fearofAllah.HewasGodfearingsincehisearlyyears.Historiansmentionedthatonedaysome
manpassedbyImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)andsawhimcrywhilehewaswithhisfellow
children.Themanthoughtthatthischildcriedforthetoysinthechildrenshandsandthathe
couldnotparticipateintheirplaying.Themantoldthechildthathewouldbuyhimwhathemight
playwith.Thechildsaid,
No!Wehavenotbeencreatedforplay.
Themanwasastonishedandsaid,Then,whatforwehavebeencreated?
Thechildsaid,Forknowledgeandworship.
Themanaskedthechild,Wherehaveyougotthisfrom?
Thechildsaid,FromthissayingofAllah(What!DidyouthenthinkthatWehadcreatedyouin
vain)[1].
[1]Qur'an,23:115.
Themanwasastonishedandconfused.Hesaidtothechild,Whathashappenedtoyouwhileyou
areguiltlesslittlechild?
Thechildsaid,Beawayfromme!Ihaveseenmymothersetfiretobigpiecesoffirewoodbutfire
isnotlitexceptwithsmallpieces,andIfearthatIshallbefromthesmallpiecesofthefirewoodof
theHell.[1]
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ThefaithinAllahwasapartandanelementofImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.).Hedidnotfearbut
Allahandthisremainedinhimuntilthelastmomentofhislife.
WithHisFather
ImamAbu
Muhammad
al
Askari
(a.s.)
spent
apart
of
his
life
with
his
father
Imam
al
Hadi
(a.s.).
He
didnotpartwithhimeveninhistravels.Hesawinhisfatheratruepictureofthemoralsofhis
grandfatherthemessengerofAllah(a.s.)whohadbeenpreferredtoallprophets,andsawinhim
thespiritsofhisfatherstheinfallibleimams(a.s.).Ontheotherhand,ImamalHadi(a.s.)sawin
hissonthenaturalcontinuityofthegreatimamateandgeneralauthorityoftheProphet(a.s)and
thereforehecaredmuchforhim.Hepraisedhimsaying,
MysonAbuMuhammadisthebestoftheprogenyofMuhammad(blessingbeonhimandonhis
progeny)innature,andthemosttrustworthyinauthority.Heistheeldestofmychildren,andhe
ismysuccessorandtohimimamateandourverdictsget.[2]
Ofcourse,ImamalHadi(a.s.)wasfaraboveflatteringorsubmissiontoemotions.Hedidnot
praisehissonandannouncehisvirtueunlesshesawinhimallnobleaspects
[1]JawharatalKalam,p.155,theEncyclopediaofalBustani,vol.7p.45.
[2]AyanashShia,vol.3p.295.
andhighqualities.Anditwasso,becauseImamAbuMuhammadalAskari(a.s.)hadallvirtues
andnobilities.
ImamalHasanalAskari(a.s.)kepttohisfatherImamalHadi(a.s.)andsawwhathesufferedfrom
theAbbasidkingsespeciallyalMutawakkilwhosparednoeffortinoppressingImamalHadi(a.s.).
ThistyrantwasexcessiveinharmingtheImam.HehousearrestedhiminSamarraand
surroundedhishousewithpolicemenanddetectivestowatchhim,andtopreventtheulama,
jurisprudents,andtherestoftheShiafromassociatingwithhim.AlMutawakkilalsooppressed
ImamalHadi(a.s.)inhislivingaffairs,andorderedhismentosearchthehouseoftheimamfrom
timetotimeandtakehimtoalMutawakkilinwhateverstatehewas.ItwasalMutawakkil
himselfwhohadpreventedofficiallythevisitingtotheholyshrineofImamalHusayn(a.s.),and
orderedtheshrinetobedestroyed.AllthoseterribleeventstookplacebeforetheeyesofImam
AbuMuhammad(a.s.)whilehewasyetintheearlyyearsofhisyouth.Hisheartwasfilledwith
painsandsorrowsduringtheperiodhelivedwithhisfather.
TheDeathOfHisBrother
MuhammadAbuJafar,thebrotherofImamalAskari(a.s.),wasawonderfulexampleofthe
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infallibleimamsandatruepictureoftheirthoughtsandprinciples.Hewastoointelligent,with
highmoralsandverywideknowledgeuntilmanyoftheShiathoughtthathewouldbetheimam
afterhisfatherImamalHadi(a.s.).
AlAarifalKilanisaidaboutAbuJafar,IaccompaniedAbuJafarMuhammadbinAlisincehewas
young.Isaw
no
one
purer,
graver,
or
more
honorable
than
him.
Abul
Hasan
al
Askari
(Imam
al
Hadi)lefthiminHijazwhilehewasachildandthenhecametohimayoung.Hekepttohis
brotherAbu
Muhammad(a.s.)[1]whoeducatedhimandfedhimwithhisknowledge,wisdom,andmorals.
AbuJafarbecameseriouslyillthatmightbebecauseofpoisoninsertedforhimbytheAbbasids.
HeremainedsomedayssufferingintolerablepainswhilehisbrotherImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.),
wholovedhimtoomuch,waswithhimallthetime.However,afternolong,AbuJafarlefttothe
betterworld,butImamAbuMuhammadsheartwasbrokenandhewasverysorrowfuland
distressedforthelossofhisdearbrother.
WithHisBrotherAlHusayn
AlHusaynbinAlialHadiwasapuremanofwideknowledgeandhighmorals.Hewasalwayswith
hisbrotherImamAbuMuhammadalHasanalAskari(a.s.)andtheywerecalledasSibtayn[2]
liketheirtwograndfathersImamHasanandImamHusayn(a.s.).Theywerefamousofthis
surnameatthattime.AbuHashimsaid,Oneday,Irodeonmysumpterandsaid:(Glorybeto
HimWhomadethissubservienttousandwewerenotabletodoit).[3]OneofasSibtaynheard
mesaythatandsaidtome,Youhavenotbeenorderedofthis,butyouhavebeenorderedto
remembertheblessingofyourLordonyouwhenyourideonit(onthesumpter).[4]
[1]AlMujdifinNasab(manuscript).
[2]Thetwograndsons.
[3]Qur'an,43:13.
[4]SafeenatalBihar,vol.1p.259.
TheLossOfHisFather
ImamalHasanalAskari(a.s.)sufferedthegreatlossofhisfatheranditwastheheaviestcalamity
hehadeverfacedinhislife.
TheAbbasidtyrantalMutamidassassinatedImamalHadi(a.s.)byinsertingpoisonintohis
food,[1]whenhesawallpeopletalkhereandthereaboutthevirtuesandvastknowledgeandthe
highpositionoftheimam.HewasveryangryandwasfilledwithenvyagainstImamalHadi(a.s.).
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Then,hecommittedhisterriblecrimeagainsthim.
Afterthepoison,ImamalHadi(a.s.)sufferedterriblepainsandretiredtobed.TheShiaandhigh
statesmenvisitedhim.SomepoetsvisitedhimlikeAbuHashimalJafariwhocomposeda
sorrowfulpoemonhim.AbuDuamahvisitedhimandwhenhewantedtoleave,theimamsaidto
him,OAbu
Duamah,
you
have
aright
on
me.
Do
Itell
you
atradition
that
shall
delight
you?
AbuDuamahsaid,IaminutmostneedofthatOsonofthemessengerofAllah.
ImamalHadi(a.s.)said,MyfatherMuhammadbinAlitoldmefromhisfatherAlibinMusabin
JafarfromhisfatherJafarbinMuhammadfromhisfatherMuhammadbinAlifromhisfatherAli
binalHusaynfromhisfatheralHusaynbinAlifromhisfatherAlibinAbuTalibthatthe
messengerofAllah(a.s.)saidtohim,Writedown!Alisaid,WhatshallIwritedown?The
messengerofAllah(a.s.)said,Writedown:InthenameofAllah,theBeneficent,theMerciful.
Faithisthatwhichheartsacknowledgeanddeedsprove,andIslamisthatwhichtongueswitness
andmarriagebecomeslawfulwith.
[1]AlManaqib,vol.4p.401.
AbuDuamahsaid,OsonofthemessengerofAllah,Idonotknowwhichofthemisbetter;the
traditionorthenarrators!
AlialHadi(a.s.)said,ItisabookwrittendownbythehandofAlibinAbuTalibandthedictation
ofthemessengerofAllah(a.s.)thatweinheritonefromtheother.[1]
Beforehisdeath,ImamalHadi(a.s.)announcedthattheimamafterhimwouldbehissonAbu
MuhammadalHasanalAskari(a.s.).HeappointedhimasthegeneralauthorityfortheShiaand
entrustedhimtopreparehiscorpse(afterdeath),offertheprayeronhim,andburyhim.He
entrustedhimwithotheraffairstoo.
ToTheParadise
ThepoisonreactedinsidethebodyofImamalHadi(a.s.)andhegrewweakerandweaker.Death
approachedhimhastily,andwhenhefelthisend,heturnedtowardstheqiblahandbegan
recitingsomesurasfromtheQur'an.Hispuresoulwenthightotheheavensurroundedbyangels
whilehislipsandheartwerebusymentioningAllah.Theearthshookfortheterribledisaster.The
leader,theinstructor,andthefatheroftheweakandthedepriveddied!Abondmaidwentoutof
theImamshousecryingout,ItwasterriblethatwhichwehavemetonMondaybeforeand
now![2]
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Thewomenseyeswerefilledwithtearsafterthisalarmingcry,andtheirmemorieswentbackto
thatMondaywherethemeetingofasSaqifah[3]washeldandsincethendisastersand
misfortuneswerepouredovertheAhlulBayt(a.s).
[1]MuroojathThahab,vol.4p.171.
[2]Murooj
ath
Thahab,
vol.4
p.171.
[3]Itwasthedayoftheprolongedandacerbicnegotiationswhichprecededthenominationof
AbuBakrasthesuccessoroftheProphet(a.s)whodiedjustthenandwasnotburiedyetatthe
timeofthatmeeting.
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)washedthepurecorpseofhisfather,andenshroudedit.Thenhe
offeredtheprayeronhisfatherwhilehisheartwasfullofsorrowandpainforthegreatloss.
Samarrashookfortheterribleaffliction,andpeopleofallclasseshurriedtoescortthepure
corpseoftheirimam.Stores,markets,andstateofficeswereclosed.Viziers,ulama,judges,high
officials,andtherestmembersoftheAbbasidfamilywerebeforethebierwhilementioningthe
virtuesandhighqualitiesoftheimamandtalkingaboutthegreatlossthatafflictedtheMuslim
nation.HistorianssaidthatSamarrahadneverseensuchescortingthroughoutitshistory.
Underahalooftakbirandbeforemassesofhumanbeingswhowerelikeseawaves,ImamalHadi
(a.s.)wasputbyhissonImamAbuMuhammadalHasanalAskari,whosetearswereflowingover
hischeeks,intohislastabode.
WhenImamalHadi(a.s.)died,ImamalAskari(a.s.)wastwenty[1]ortwentythreeyearsold.[2]
HeassumedtheimamateandthegeneralreligiousauthorityoverMuslimswhilehewastoo
youngyet.
Allelementsofpietyandrighteousness,allvirtuesofthisworld,mannersofprophethood,and
qualitiesofimamateweregatheredinImamAbuMuhammadalHasanalAskari(a.s.)whom
therewasnoanyonebetterthanathistime.Herewetalkinbriefabouthisworship:
[1]BahralAnsab,p.2.
[2]BiharalAnwar,vol.50p.236.
HisWorship
ImamAbuMuhammadalAskari(a.s.)wasthebestworshipperamongallpeopleofhistime.He
spentthenightwithpraying,prostrating,andrecitingtheBook.MuhammadashShakirisaid,The
imamsatinthemihrabandprostrated.Isleptandawokewhilehewasstillinprostration.[1]
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HisPrayer
Inhisprayer,heturnedwithallhisheartandfeelingstowardsAllahtheCreatoroftheuniverse
andtheGiveroflife.Hefeltorpaidattentiontonothingoftheaffairsofthislifewhilehewasin
prayer.His
soul
clung
to
Allah
devotedly
and
totally.
HisQunut
Inhisprayer,ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)recitedthisdua,OYou,Whoselightcoversdarkness,
OYou,byWhoseholinessruggedmountainpassesarelit,OYou,toWhomalltheinhabitantsof
theearthandtheheavenssubmit,OYou,toWhomeveryinsolenttyrantsurrenderwith
obedience,OYoutheAwareofhiddenconsciences,YouareMercifultoeverythingandAwareof
everything,forgivethosewhorepentandfollowYourpath,protectthemfromthetormentof
Fire,givethemsoonYourvictorythatYouhavepromisedthemofandYoudonotfailthe
promise!Devastatethepeopleofevilandtakethemtotheworstabodeintheworstpunishment
andtheugliestretreat.
OAllah,Youknowthesecretsofcreatures,andareawareoftheirconsciences.Youareinneedof
nothingexceptthatYoucarryoutwhatYouhavepromisedof.Youdonotuncoverthe
[1]DalailalImama,p.227.
[2]Qunutisasupplicationrecitedintheprayer.
hiddensecretsofYourpeople.OmyLord,YouknowwhatIconcealandwhatIshowofmy
behaviors,movements,andallmyemotions.OmyLord,Youseethesufferingsofthepeopleof
YourobedienceandwhattheymeetfromYourenemies,andYouaregenerousandnotstingyin
Yourblessings,andthemoreeffortsrequiremorereward.YouhaveorderedYourpeopleof
supplicationiftheyturntoYousincerelyandthisrequiresthemoreofYourfavors.
TheseforelocksandnecksaresubmissivetoYousubservientlyacknowledgingYourdeity,invoking
onYouwiththeirhearts,andlookingforwardtoYourpromptrewarding,andwhatYouwilled
tookplaceandwhatYouwillshalltakeplace.Youarethecalledupon,thehopedfor,andthe
askedthatnotakerwhatevergreatheisshalldecreaseYou(rfavors),andnoaskerwhateverhe
insistsandinvokesshallwearyYou.Yourkingdomshallnotcometoanend,andYoureternal
gloryshallremainforever,andnothingintheagesisoutofYourwillabit.YouareAllah,thereis
nogodbutYoutheMerciful,theMighty.OAllah,assistusbyYourassistance,sufficeuswithYour
protection,andgiveuswhatYougivethosewhoholdfastbyYourrope,whoshadethemselves
underYourshade[1]
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HisDuaInTheMorning
OYou,thegreaterthaneverygreat,Whohavenopartnerandnovizier,OYou,theCreatorof
thesunandthelightingmoon,thesheltertotheresortingfearful,theLiberatoroftiedcaptives,
thenourisherofyoungbabies,thesetterofbrokenbones,theMercifultotheold,thelightof
light,the
Manager
of
affairs,
the
Resurrector
of
those
in
graves,
the
Healer
of
chests,
the
Maker
of
shadowandhot,theAwareofallinchests,theRevealeroftheBook,light,thegreatQur'an,and
[1]MuhajadDaawat,p.6263.
theBookofPsalms,OYou,Whomangelsglorifyinthemorningandnight,OYou,thePermanent
andEternal,theBringerforthofplantsintheearlymorningandafternoon,theEnlivenerofthe
dead,theResurrectorofdecayedbones,theHearerofsounds,theEverlasting,theDresserof
bonesthatdecayafterdeath!OYou,Whomnothingdistractsfromanyotherthing,Whodonot
changefromastatetoanother,Whodonotneedtomoveoradvance,Whomnoaffairprevents
fromanyotheraffair,Whocancelforcharityandsupplicationwhathasbeendeterminedand
affirmedintheHeavenofbadjudgment,Whomnoplacecanincludeorencompass,Whoput
remedyinwhatYoulikeofthings,Whokeepalivefromseriousdiseasewiththeleastof
nourishment,Whoremovebytheleastofremedytheworstofdiseases,OYou,Whoifpromise,
carryout,ifthreaten,pardon,OYou,Whopossesstheneedsofrequesters,Whoknowwhatis
thereinsidetheconsciencesofthesilent,OYou,theMostMagnificent,theGenerousin
pardoning,OYou,Whohaveafacethatdoesneverbecomeold,Whohaveinfinitesovereignty,
Whohaveinextinguishablelight,Whosethroneisovereverything,Whoseauthorityisoverthe
landandthesea,WhosewrathisintheHell,WhosemercyisintheParadise,Whosepromisesare
true,Whosefavorsareuncountable,Whosemercyiswide,OYou,theHelperofthecallersfor
help,theRespondertothecallofthecompelled,OYou,WhoareinthehighviewandYour
creationisinthelowview,OYou,theLordofthemortalsouls,theLordofthewornbodies,the
mostperceptiveofseers,themosthearingofhearers,thepromptestofaccounters,thewisestof
judges,theMostMercifulofthemerciful,theGiverofgifts,theReleaserofcaptives,theLordof
glory,theOneofpietyandforgiveness,OYou,Whoselimitcannotbeperceived,Whosenumber
cannotbecounted,Whoseaiddoesnotcease,Ibearwitness,andthewitnesstomeishonorand
supply,andfrommeobedienceandsubmission,andbywhichIhopedeliveranceonthedayof
sighandregret,
thatYouareAllah;thereisnogodbutYoualonewithnopartner,andthatMuhammadisYour
slaveandmessenger,Yourblessingbeonhimandonhisprogeny,andthathehasinformedand
carriedoutonbehalfofYouwhatwashisdutytoYou,andthatYoualwayscreate,providewith
livelihood,give,deny,exalt,humble,enrich,impoverish,disappoint,help,pardon,showmercy,
forgive,overlookwhatYouknow,donotwrong,straiten,enlarge,omit,fix,initiate,reproduce,
enlivenandmakedie;havemercyonMuhammadandtheprogenyofMuhammadandguideme
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fromYou,givemefromYourfavor,spreadonmefromYourmercy,andsenddowntomefrom
Yourblessings,forYouoftenhaveaccustomedmetogoodandfavor,givenmetoomuch,and
uncoveredmyuglydeeds.
OAllah,haveblessingsonMuhammadandtheprogenyofMuhammadandhastenmy
deliverance,forgive
my
slips,
pity
my
loneliness,
take
me
to
the
best
of
Your
worships,
gift
me
withhealthinessfrommyillness,plentyofmysupplies,inclusivesoundnessinmybody,insightin
myreligion,andhelpmetoaskyouforforgivenessbeforedeathcomesandhopingstops,and
helpmebeardeathanditsdistress,graveanditsloneliness,thescalesandtheirlightness,the
sirat[1]anditsslip,theDayofResurrectionanditsterror.IaskYoufortheacceptanceofdeeds
beforedeath,andaskYouforstrengthinmyhearingandsightforthedoingofthebestofthat
Youhavetaughtandmademeunderstand.YouaretheloftyLord,andIamthehumbleslave,and
howgreatdifferencethereisbetweenus!OYou,Compassionate,Benefactor,ofGloryandHonor,
haveblessingsonMuhammadandtheprogenyofMuhammadthegood,thepure![2]
[1]SiratmeanswayorpathbutintheIslamicterminology,itmeansthebridgethat
dominatestheHell.
[2]MuhajadDaawat,p.277278.
HisIdeals
Hewasidealinfaith,morals,andpsychology.Heinheritedalltheperfectionsofhisfatherswho
hadbeencreatedforvirtueandhonor.Wereferheretosomeofhisperfections:
HisKnowledge
HistoriansunanimouslymentionedthatImamAbuMuhammadalAskari(a.s.)wasthemost
knowledgeableandthebestofthepeopleofhisage,notonlyinthereligiousaffairsandlawsbut
inallfieldsofknowledge.BakhtshoutheChristianphysiciansaidtohisdiscipleBatriqaboutthe
imam,andheisthemostknowledgeableofallthoseundertheskyinourday.[1]
IftheAbbasidtyrantshadgivenwaytotheimamsoftheAhlulBayt(a.s)andnotsubjectedthem
tostrictchaseandconfinement,theywouldhavefilledtheworldwiththeirknowledgeand
sciences,andhumanitywouldhavegotkindsofknowledgeandintellectualdevelopmentthatit
hadnevergotthroughoutallagesandtimes.
TheAbbasidsperceivedthatiftheydidnotpreventthepeopleofknowledgeandintellectfrom
associatingwiththeinfallibleimams,they(theimams)wouldspreadpowersofknowledgeand
cultureandopennewhorizonsnotonlyinthefieldsofsciencesbutalsointhepoliticalandsocial
fieldswhichwouldshowtopeopletheignoranceoftheAbbasidsandtheirbeingawayfromthe
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Islamicvalues.Ofcourse,thiswouldshaketheirthrones,andthereforetheytriedtheirbestto
separatebetweenthenationanditsrealleaders.
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.50p.261.
HisPatience
ImamalAskari(a.s.)wasfromthemostpatientpeople.Healwayssuppressedhisangerand
treatedwhoeverdidhimwrongwithkindnessandforgiveness.
TheAbbasidgovernmentarrestedandputhimintoprisonwhilehewaspatientsayingnothing.He
didnotcomplaintoanyoneaboutwhathesuffered,butheentrustedhiscasetoAllahthe
Almighty.Thiswasfromthesignsofhispatience.
HisStrongWill
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)wasdistinguishedbyhisstrongwill.TheAbbasidrulerstriedto
involvehimintothegovernmentbodyandsparednoefforttosubjecthimtotheirdesires,but
theyfailed.Theimam(a.s.)insistedonhisindependencyandkeepingawayfromthem.The
Abbasidsconsideredhimastheonlyrepresentativeoftheoppositionagainsttheirpoliciesthat
werebasedonsubjugationandoppression.
HeresistedalltheseductionsthattheAbbasidgovernmentofferedtobringhimintoitsway.He
preferredtheobedienceofAllahandthesatisfactionofhisconsciencetoeverythingelse.
HisGenerosity
Noonewasmoregenerousthanhimamongallpeopleofhistime.Heappointedagentsinmost
oftheMuslimcountries,andentrustedthemtoreceivethelegalduesandspendthemonthe
poorandthedeprived,toreconcilebetweenpeople,andinotherwaysofthegeneralwelfare.
FromthatwhichhistoriansmentionedabouthisgenerositywasthatMuhammadbinAlibin
IbrahimbinImamMusabinJafaralKadhimsaid,Wewereinutmostneed.Myfather
said,Letusgotothisman(ImamAbuMuhammad).Itissaidheisgenerous.
Isaid,Doyouknowhim?
Hesaid,No,andIhaveneverseenhimatall.
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Wewenttohim.Onourway,myfathersaid,Howmuchweneedthathemayordertogiveus
fivehundreddirhams;twohundredforclothes,twohundredforflour,andonehundredfor
spending!
Isaidwithmyself,Wouldthatheordertogivemethreehundreddirhams;onehundredtobuya
donkey,one
hundred
for
spending,
and
one
hundred
for
clothes
so
that
Ican
go
to
the
mountain!
Whenwestoppedathis(ImamAbuMuhammads)door,hisservantcameoutandsaid,LetAli
binIbrahimandhissonMuhammadcomein!
Whenwecameinandgreetedhim,hesaidtomyfather,OAli,whatmadeyounotvisitusallthis
time?
Myfathersaid,Ifeltshytomeetyouinthiscase.
They(Aliandhisson)stayedwiththeimamforsometimeandthencameout.Theservantofthe
imamcame,gaveAlibinIbrahimapouchofmoneyandsaid,Thesearefivehundreddirhams;
twohundredforclothes,twohundredforflour,andonehundredforspending.Hegave
Muhammadapouchofthreehundreddirhamsandsaidtohim,Makeonehundredforbuyinga
donkey,onehundredforclothes,andonehundredforspending,anddonotgotothemountain
butgotoSawra!MuhammadwenttoSawraandbecameoneofthewealthyAlawids.[1]
[1]KashfalGhummah,vol.3p.200.
AbuHashimalJafarisaid,Once,IcomplainedtoAbuMuhammadthedistressofimprisonment
andthepainsofties.Hewrotetome,YoushalloffertheDhuhr(noon)Prayerinyourhouse
today.Iwassetfree(fromprison)atnoonandIofferedtheprayerinmyhouseastheimamsaid.
IwasinneedandIwantedtoaskhimforhelp(butIdidnot)intheletterIhadsenttohim.WhenI
arrivedinmyhouse,hesentonehundreddinarstomeandwrotetome,Ifyouneedsomething,
donotfeelshyorrefrainfromasking.Askandyoushallgetwhatyoulikeinshallah.[1]
Historiansmentionmanystoriesonhisgenerosityshowinghisloveandkindnesstothepoorand
thedeprived.
HighMorals
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)wasnonesuchinhisveryhighmorals.Hemetfriendsandenemies
withhisnoblecharacter.HeinheritedthisnaturefromhisgreatgrandfathertheProphet(a.s)
whosehighmoralsincludedallpeople.
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Hishighmoralsaffectedhisenemiesandopponents,andtheyturnedtobehisloyallovers.
HistorianssaythathewasimprisonedduringthereignofalMutawakkilwhowasthebitterest
enemytotheAhlulBayt(a.s)andtheprogenyofImamAli(a.s.).Thecaliphorderedtheimamto
bepunishedtooseverely,butwhenhecommunicatedwiththeimamandsawhishighmorality
andpiety,heturnedupsidedown.Afterthat,hedidnotraisehiseyesbeforetheimamasakind
ofrespect
and
glorifying.
When
the
imam
left
him,
he
praised
the
imam
with
the
best
words.[2]
[1]KashfalGhummah,vol.3,202.
[2]KashfalGhummah,vol.3p.204.
Impressionsabouthim
Thescholarsandmenofintellect,whowerecontemporarywithImamalHasanalAskari(a.s.),
glorifiedhim,andacknowledgedhisvirtueandpreferencetoallothersforhistalents,geniuses,
vastknowledge,andpiety.Herewequotesomewordssaidbysomeofthosemenabouthim:
1.ImamAlHadi
ImamalHadi(a.s.)praisedthehighpositionofhissonAbuMuhammad(a.s.)bysaying,Myson
AbuMuhammadisthebestoftheprogenyofMuhammadinnature,andthemosttrustworthyin
authority.
He
is
the
eldest
of
my
children,
and
he
is
my
successor
and
to
him
imamate
and
our
verdictsget[1]
2.AbuHashimalJafari
AbuHashimassociatedcloselywithImamalHadi(a.s.)andImamalHasanalAskari(a.s.).He
lovedthemtoomuchandcomposedmanypoemsonpraisingthem.Hesaidinoneofhispoems:
He(Allah)gavehimallsignsofimamate,
likeMoses,
and
the
cleaving
of
the
sea,
the
hand,
and
the
staff.[2]
[1]AyanashShia.
[2]AlamalWara,p.372.
3.Bakhtshuthephysician
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HewasthemostfamousphysicianattheageofImamalAskari(a.s.)andhewasthespecial
physicianoftheroyalfamily.Oneday,theimamneededaphysiciantophlebotomizehim,andso
heaskedBakhtshutosendhimoneofhisdisciples.BakhtshusentforhisdiscipleBatriqand
orderedhimtogototreattheimam.Hesaidtohim,ThesonofarRedhaaskedmetosendhim
someoneto
phlebotomize
him.
You
go
to
him.
He
is
more
knowledgeable
than
every
one
under
thesky.Bewarenottoobjecttohiminallwhatheordersyouof[1]
4.AhmadbinUbaydillahBinKhaqan
HewasoneofthefamousstatesmenandpoliticiansatthetimeofImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.).
Hesaidabouttheimam,
IhaveneitherseennorknowninSurraManRaaamanfromtheAlawidslikealHasanbinAlibin
MuhammadbinarRedha,norhaveIheardoflikehisguidance,faith,chastity,nobility,and
generositynearhisfamilyandneartherulersamongalltheHashimiteswhopreferredhimto
theirimportantandoldmen,andalsoneartheleaders,viziers,clerks,andallclassesof
people[2]
5.UbaydbinKhaqan
Hewasoneoftheimportantpoliticiansatthattime.HesaidaboutImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.),
IfthecaliphateisremovedfromtheAbbasids,noonefromtheHashimiteswilldeserveitexcept
thisman(hemeantalHasanbinAlialAskari).Hedeservesitbyhisvirtue,chastity,
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.50p.261.
[2]Ibid.,p.325.
guidance,gravity,asceticism,worshiping,goodmorals,andrighteousness[1]
Ubayddidnotbelieveinimamate.Infact,hewascontrarytothat,butthebrightrealityofImam
AbuMuhammad(a.s.)madehimdeclarethattheimamwastheworthiestofthecaliphateforthe
highqualitieshehad.
6.SheikhalMufid
SheikhalMufidsaid,TheimamafterAbulHasanAlibinMuhammad(alHadi)washissonAbu
MuhammadalHasanbinAliforhehadallhighqualitiesandvirtuesandhewaspreferredtoall
peopleofhisage.Hedeservedimamateandleadershipforhisincomparableknowledge,
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asceticism,perfectmind,infallibility,courage,generosity,andthemanygooddeedsthattookhim
closetoAllah[2]
7.IbnasSabbagh
Alibin
Muhammad
al
Maliki
known
as
ibn
as
Sabbagh
said,
The
qualities
of
our
sire
Abu
MuhammadalHasanalAskarishowthatheisamasterandasonofamasterthatnooneever
doubtsorsuspecthisimamate.Knowthatifagoodqualitywassold,thesellerwasotherthanhim
andhewasthebuyerHewastheuniqueofhistimewithnoequal,andhewassolewithnolike.
Hewasthemasterofthepeopleofhistimeandtheimamofthepeopleofhisage.Hissayings
weretrueandhisdeedswerepraiseworthy.Ifthegoodpeopleofhistimewereasapoem,he
wouldbethemainverseofthatpoem,andiftheywereorganizedasanecklace,hewasthe
unique,middlepearl.Hewastheknightofknowledgethatwasnotpossibletokeeppacewith
him,andhewastheexplainerofmysteriesthatitwasnotpossibletoarguewithhim.Hewasthe
uncovereroffactsbyhistruethinking,and
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.50,p.327.
[2]AlIrshad.
thediscloserofminutesbyhissharpreason.Hewastheinformedinsecrecyoftheunseen.He
wasthehighborn,ofhighsoulandhighessence[1]
8.BinShaharshubasSarawi
AbuJafarRasheedudeenMuhammadbinAlibinShahrashubasSarawisaidabouttheimam,He
wasalHasanbinAlitheguide,thesubjugatorofdifficultiesHewaspure,freefromanyfault,
trusteewiththeunseen.Hewastheessenceofgravitywithnoblemish,humblewithliberalhand,
modest,truetohiswordoflittlefood,ofmuchsmiling,patient,thefatherofthe(awaited)
successor[2]
9.IbnShadqam
IbnShadqam,thegenealogist,said,AlHasanalAskariwasaguidingimam,exaltedmaster,anda
pureguardian.[3]
10.IbnalJawzi
IbnalJawzisaid,ThehighestfeatureandcharacteristicthatAllahhaddistinguishedhim(Imam
alAskari)with,andmadeuniquetohim,andaseternalaspectthattimewouldnotwearoutand
tongueswouldnotforgetrecitingandrepeatingwasthatMuhammadalMahdi(peacebeonhim)
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washisoffspringthatwascreatedfromhim,andhissonthatwasascribedtohim[4]
11.RuknuddeenalHusayni
RuknuddeenalHusaynialMusilisaid,ImamAbuMuhammadalAskarihisvirtues,qualities,and
charismatawere
uncountablethe
highest
quality
that
Allah
had
[1]AlFusoolalMuhimmah,p.272.
[2]ManaqibAalAbiTalib,vol.4p.421.
[3]ZahratalMaqul,p.63.
[4]TathkiratalKhawas.
distinguishedhimwithwasthatalMahdi(peacebeuponhim)washisson[1]
12.AlYafiiy
AlYafiiysaid,SharifalAskariAbuMuhammadalHasanbinAlibinMuhammadbinAlibinMusa
binJafarasSadiqwasoneofthetwelveimamsastheShiabelievedandhewasthefatherofthe
awaitedimam(peacebeonhim)[2]
13.YousufanNabahani
YousufbinIsmaeelanNabahanisaid,AlHasanalAskariwasoneoftheimamsofourmasters
thegreatAhlulBayt(a.s)andoneoftheirnoblechiefs(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem).Ash
ShabrawimentionedhiminhisbookalIttihafBihubilAshrafbutheabbreviatedhisbiography
andmentionednocharismatohim.However,Imyselfsawacharismatohim.Intheyear1296AH
ItraveledtoBaghdadfromKooySanjaq,oneoftheKurdvillages,whereIwasajudgetherebutI
leftitbeforeIcompletedthespecifiedperiodbecauseofthehighcostsandrainlessnesswhich
prevailedinIraqinthatyear.Itraveledbyakalakwhichwasameansofwatertransportation.
WhenthekalakreachedSamarra,whichwasthecapitaloftheAbbasidcaliphs,welikedtovisit
(theshrineof)ImamalHasanalAskari.WhenIcametohisholytomb,somethingspiritual
happenedtomethatnothinglikeithadeverhappenedtomeitwasacharismatohim.ThenI
recited,aspossibleasIcould,versesfromtheQur'an,supplicatedAllahwithsomeduas,and
left.[3]
[1]BahralAnsab,p.17.
[2]MiratalJanan,vol.2p.172.
[3]JamiKaramatalAwliya,vol.1p.389.
14.AlArbali
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AllamaAlibinEesaalArbalisaidabouttheimam,Hewastheknightofknowledgethatwasnot
possibletokeeppacewithhim,andhewastheexplainerofmysteriesthatitwasnotpossibleto
arguewithhim.Hewastheuncovereroffactsbyhistrueviewing,thediscloserofminutesbyhis
piercinginsight,theknowerbythewillofAllahofthesecretsofcreatures,theinformerbythe
willof
Allah
about
the
unseen,
the
told
by
Allah
about
what
had
happened
and
what
would
happen,theinspiredwiththeunseenmatters,thenobleinoriginandsoulandessence,theman
ofproofs,signs,andmiraclestheinterpreterofverses,theconfirmeroftraditions,theheirofthe
goodmasters,thesonoftheimams,andthefatheroftheawaitedone.Solookatthebranchand
theoriginandthinkagainandbesurethattheyweremorebrilliantthanthesun,andbrighter
thanthemoon.Ifbranchesaregood,surelythefruitwillbegood.Their(theimams)featuresand
traditionsaretheeyesofhistory,andtheheadlinesofconducts.
ByAllah,IswearthatwhoeverdeemsMuhammadasgrandfather,Aliasfather,Fatimaasmother,
theimamsasfathers,andalMahdiassonisworthierofreachingtheheavenwithhishighness
andhonorHowcanIcounthisvirtuesandnewswhereasmytongueisshortandmyeloquenceis
tired?Somytongueandeloquencecomebacktiredfromhishighrank,anddwindlebecauseof
failureandinability[1]
[1]KashfalGhummah,vol.3p.223224.
15.AlBustani
AlBustanisaid,AlHasanalKhalisbinAlialHaditheymentionedabouthimmanycharacteristics
thatwerewellknowninthepeopleofthishouseoftheTalibites[1]perceivingandwisdom
appearedinhimsincehisearlychildhood[2]
16.KhayruddeenazZarkali
Hesaid,AlHasanbinAlialHadibinMuhammadalJawadalHashimi:AbuMuhammadthe
eleventhimamtotheTwelverShiahewaspaidhomageastheimamafterthedeathofhis
father.Hewaslikehisgoodancestorsinpiety,asceticism,worshipping[3]
17.AlAbbasbinNooruddeen
AlAbbasbinNooruddeenalMekkisaid,ImamAbuMuhammadalHasanalAskarihislineageis
morefamousthanthemooninthefourteenthnight.HeandhisfatherareknownasalAskari.As
forhisvirtues,tonguescannotcount[4]
[1]DerivedfromAbuTalibthefatherofImamAli.
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[2]EncyclopediaofalBustani,vol.7p.45.
[3]AlAlam,vol.2p.215.
[4]NuzhatalJalees,vol.2p.184.
Impressionsabouthim
Thescholarsandmenofintellect,whowerecontemporarywithImamalHasanalAskari(a.s.),
glorifiedhim,andacknowledgedhisvirtueandpreferencetoallothersforhistalents,geniuses,
vastknowledge,andpiety.Herewequotesomewordssaidbysomeofthosemenabouthim:
1.ImamAlHadi
ImamalHadi(a.s.)praisedthehighpositionofhissonAbuMuhammad(a.s.)bysaying,Myson
AbuMuhammadisthebestoftheprogenyofMuhammadinnature,andthemosttrustworthyin
authority.Heistheeldestofmychildren,andheismysuccessorandtohimimamateandour
verdictsget[1]
2.AbuHashimalJafari
AbuHashimassociatedcloselywithImamalHadi(a.s.)andImamalHasanalAskari(a.s.).He
loved
them
too
much
and
composed
many
poems
on
praising
them.
He
said
in
one
of
his
poems:
He(Allah)gavehimallsignsofimamate,
likeMoses,andthecleavingofthesea,thehand,andthestaff.[2]
[1]AyanashShia.
[2]AlamalWara,p.372.
3.Bakhtshuthephysician
HewasthemostfamousphysicianattheageofImamalAskari(a.s.)andhewasthespecial
physicianoftheroyalfamily.Oneday,theimamneededaphysiciantophlebotomizehim,andso
heaskedBakhtshutosendhimoneofhisdisciples.BakhtshusentforhisdiscipleBatriqand
orderedhimtogototreattheimam.Hesaidtohim,ThesonofarRedhaaskedmetosendhim
someonetophlebotomizehim.Yougotohim.Heismoreknowledgeablethaneveryoneunder
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thesky.Bewarenottoobjecttohiminallwhatheordersyouof[1]
4.AhmadbinUbaydillahBinKhaqan
HewasoneofthefamousstatesmenandpoliticiansatthetimeofImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.).
Hesaid
about
the
imam,
IhaveneitherseennorknowninSurraManRaaamanfromtheAlawidslikealHasanbinAlibin
MuhammadbinarRedha,norhaveIheardoflikehisguidance,faith,chastity,nobility,and
generositynearhisfamilyandneartherulersamongalltheHashimiteswhopreferredhimto
theirimportantandoldmen,andalsoneartheleaders,viziers,clerks,andallclassesof
people[2]
5.UbaydbinKhaqan
Hewasoneoftheimportantpoliticiansatthattime.HesaidaboutImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.),
IfthecaliphateisremovedfromtheAbbasids,noonefromtheHashimiteswilldeserveitexcept
thisman(hemeantalHasanbinAlialAskari).Hedeservesitbyhisvirtue,chastity,
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.50p.261.
[2]Ibid.,p.325.
guidance,gravity,asceticism,worshiping,goodmorals,andrighteousness[1]
Ubayddidnotbelieveinimamate.Infact,hewascontrarytothat,butthebrightrealityofImam
AbuMuhammad(a.s.)madehimdeclarethattheimamwastheworthiestofthecaliphateforthe
highqualitieshehad.
6.SheikhalMufid
SheikhalMufidsaid,TheimamafterAbulHasanAlibinMuhammad(alHadi)washissonAbu
MuhammadalHasanbinAliforhehadallhighqualitiesandvirtuesandhewaspreferredtoall
peopleofhisage.Hedeservedimamateandleadershipforhisincomparableknowledge,
asceticism,perfectmind,infallibility,courage,generosity,andthemanygooddeedsthattookhim
closetoAllah[2]
7.IbnasSabbagh
AlibinMuhammadalMalikiknownasibnasSabbaghsaid,ThequalitiesofoursireAbu
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MuhammadalHasanalAskarishowthatheisamasterandasonofamasterthatnooneever
doubtsorsuspecthisimamate.Knowthatifagoodqualitywassold,thesellerwasotherthanhim
andhewasthebuyerHewastheuniqueofhistimewithnoequal,andhewassolewithnolike.
Hewasthemasterofthepeopleofhistimeandtheimamofthepeopleofhisage.Hissayings
weretrueandhisdeedswerepraiseworthy.Ifthegoodpeopleofhistimewereasapoem,he
wouldbe
the
main
verse
of
that
poem,
and
if
they
were
organized
as
anecklace,
he
was
the
unique,middlepearl.Hewastheknightofknowledgethatwasnotpossibletokeeppacewith
him,andhewastheexplainerofmysteriesthatitwasnotpossibletoarguewithhim.Hewasthe
uncovereroffactsbyhistruethinking,and
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.50,p.327.
[2]AlIrshad.
thediscloserofminutesbyhissharpreason.Hewastheinformedinsecrecyoftheunseen.He
wasthehighborn,ofhighsoulandhighessence[1]
8.BinShaharshubasSarawi
AbuJafarRasheedudeenMuhammadbinAlibinShahrashubasSarawisaidabouttheimam,He
wasalHasanbinAlitheguide,thesubjugatorofdifficultiesHewaspure,freefromanyfault,
trusteewiththeunseen.Hewastheessenceofgravitywithnoblemish,humblewithliberalhand,
modest,truetohiswordoflittlefood,ofmuchsmiling,patient,thefatherofthe(awaited)
successor[2]
9.IbnShadqam
IbnShadqam,thegenealogist,said,AlHasanalAskariwasaguidingimam,exaltedmaster,anda
pureguardian.[3]
10.IbnalJawzi
IbnalJawzisaid,ThehighestfeatureandcharacteristicthatAllahhaddistinguishedhim(Imam
alAskari)with,andmadeuniquetohim,andaseternalaspectthattimewouldnotwearoutand
tongueswouldnotforgetrecitingandrepeatingwasthatMuhammadalMahdi(peacebeonhim)
washisoffspringthatwascreatedfromhim,andhissonthatwasascribedtohim[4]
11.RuknuddeenalHusayni
RuknuddeenalHusaynialMusilisaid,ImamAbuMuhammadalAskarihisvirtues,qualities,and
charismatawereuncountablethehighestqualitythatAllahhad
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[1]AlFusoolalMuhimmah,p.272.
[2]ManaqibAalAbiTalib,vol.4p.421.
[3]ZahratalMaqul,p.63.
[4]TathkiratalKhawas.
distinguishedhimwithwasthatalMahdi(peacebeuponhim)washisson[1]
12.AlYafiiy
AlYafiiysaid,SharifalAskariAbuMuhammadalHasanbinAlibinMuhammadbinAlibinMusa
binJafarasSadiqwasoneofthetwelveimamsastheShiabelievedandhewasthefatherofthe
awaitedimam(peacebeonhim)[2]
13.YousufanNabahani
YousufbinIsmaeelanNabahanisaid,AlHasanalAskariwasoneoftheimamsofourmasters
thegreatAhlulBayt(a.s)andoneoftheirnoblechiefs(mayAllahbepleasedwiththem).Ash
ShabrawimentionedhiminhisbookalIttihafBihubilAshrafbutheabbreviatedhisbiography
andmentionednocharismatohim.However,Imyselfsawacharismatohim.Intheyear1296AH
ItraveledtoBaghdadfromKooySanjaq,oneoftheKurdvillages,whereIwasajudgetherebutI
leftitbeforeIcompletedthespecifiedperiodbecauseofthehighcostsandrainlessnesswhich
prevailedinIraqinthatyear.Itraveledbyakalakwhichwasameansofwatertransportation.
WhenthekalakreachedSamarra,whichwasthecapitaloftheAbbasidcaliphs,welikedtovisit
(theshrineof)ImamalHasanalAskari.WhenIcametohisholytomb,somethingspiritual
happenedtomethatnothinglikeithadeverhappenedtomeitwasacharismatohim.ThenI
recited,aspossibleasIcould,versesfromtheQur'an,supplicatedAllahwithsomeduas,and
left.[3]
[1]BahralAnsab,p.17.
[2]MiratalJanan,vol.2p.172.
[3]JamiKaramatalAwliya,vol.1p.389.
14.AlArbali
AllamaAlibinEesaalArbalisaidabouttheimam,Hewastheknightofknowledgethatwasnot
possibletokeeppacewithhim,andhewastheexplainerofmysteriesthatitwasnotpossibleto
arguewithhim.Hewastheuncovereroffactsbyhistrueviewing,thediscloserofminutesbyhis
piercinginsight,theknowerbythewillofAllahofthesecretsofcreatures,theinformerbythe
willofAllahabouttheunseen,thetoldbyAllahaboutwhathadhappenedandwhatwould
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happen,theinspiredwiththeunseenmatters,thenobleinoriginandsoulandessence,theman
ofproofs,signs,andmiraclestheinterpreterofverses,theconfirmeroftraditions,theheirofthe
goodmasters,thesonoftheimams,andthefatheroftheawaitedone.Solookatthebranchand
theoriginandthinkagainandbesurethattheyweremorebrilliantthanthesun,andbrighter
thanthemoon.Ifbranchesaregood,surelythefruitwillbegood.Their(theimams)featuresand
traditionsare
the
eyes
of
history,
and
the
headlines
of
conducts.
ByAllah,IswearthatwhoeverdeemsMuhammadasgrandfather,Aliasfather,Fatimaasmother,
theimamsasfathers,andalMahdiassonisworthierofreachingtheheavenwithhishighness
andhonorHowcanIcounthisvirtuesandnewswhereasmytongueisshortandmyeloquenceis
tired?Somytongueandeloquencecomebacktiredfromhishighrank,anddwindlebecauseof
failureandinability[1]
[1]KashfalGhummah,vol.3p.223224.
15.AlBustani
AlBustanisaid,AlHasanalKhalisbinAlialHaditheymentionedabouthimmanycharacteristics
thatwerewellknowninthepeopleofthishouseoftheTalibites[1]perceivingandwisdom
appearedinhimsincehisearlychildhood[2]
16.KhayruddeenazZarkali
Hesaid,AlHasanbinAlialHadibinMuhammadalJawadalHashimi:AbuMuhammadthe
eleventhimamtotheTwelverShiahewaspaidhomageastheimamafterthedeathofhis
father.Hewaslikehisgoodancestorsinpiety,asceticism,worshipping[3]
17.AlAbbasbinNooruddeen
AlAbbasbinNooruddeenalMekkisaid,ImamAbuMuhammadalHasanalAskarihislineageis
morefamousthanthemooninthefourteenthnight.HeandhisfatherareknownasalAskari.As
forhisvirtues,tonguescannotcount[4]
[1]DerivedfromAbuTalibthefatherofImamAli.
[2]EncyclopediaofalBustani,vol.7p.45.
[3]AlAlam,vol.2p.215.
[4]NuzhatalJalees,vol.2p.184.
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Hisletters
Someletters
of
the
imam
disclose
an
important
side
of
the
religious
life
which
was
confused
at
thatage.Thefollowingaresomeofhisletterstohisadherents:
1.ToIsaaqanNaysaburi
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)sentalettertoIsaaqbinIsmailanNaysaburisayinginit,
MayAllahprotectusbyHisprotection,andtakecareofyouinallyouraffairsbyHisfavor.I
understoodyourletter,mayAllahhavemercyonyou.We,praisebetoAllahandbyHisblessing,
arepeopleofahousewhopityourfollowersandfeeldelightedforthesuccessionofthefavorsof
Allahon
them,
and
feel
happy
for
every
blessing
that
Allah
the
Almighty
endows
them
with.
O
Isaaq,mayAllahendowyouwithallblessingsandendowswhoeverislikeyouwhomAllahhas
hadmercyonandgiveninsightlikeyoursandmayHedeterminetheParadiseforyou
AndIsay:praisebetoAllahasthebestpraiseHehaseverbeenpraisedwithandforeverforHis
mercyonyou,Hissavingyoufromperishment,andsmoothingyourwayontheobstacle.ByAllah,
itisinsurmountable,impassable,difficultobstaclewithgreatdistressesthathadbeenmentioned
inthefirstBooks.Atthetimeofthedeceased(ImamalHadi),peacebeonhim,andatmytime
youhaddonesomethingsthatneitherIwassatisfiedwithyounorwereyourightinthem.
OIsaaq,
know
well
that
whoever
comes
out
of
this
world
blind
will
be
blind
in
the
afterworld
and
moreastray.OIsaaq,itisnottheeyesthatbecomeblindbuttheheartsthatareinthechests.
Allahsaysabouttheunjust,(Heshallsay:MyLord!whyhastThouraisedmeblindandIwasa
seeingoneindeed?Hewillsay:Evenso,Ourrevelationscametoyoubutyouneglectedthem;and
thusyoushallbeforsakenthisday).[1]IsthereasigngreaterthantheexcuseofAllahonHis
creation,HistrusteeinHisearth,andHiswitnessonHispeopleafterthosewhohadleftfromhis
firstfatherstheprophetsandhislastfatherstheguardians(peaceandblessingsofAllahbeon
themall).Sowheredoyougoastrayandwheredoyougolikebeasts?Youdeviatefromthetruth
andbelieveinfalsehoodanddisbelieveintheblessingsofAllah.Areyoufromthosewhobelieve
inapartoftheBookanddisbelieveintheother?Sowhatistherewardofhimwhodoesthat
fromyou
and
from
other
than
you?
It
is
but
meanness
in
this
life
and
eternal
torment
in
the
afterlife.ByAllah,itisthegreatdisgrace!WhenAllahimposedonyou,byHisfavorandmercy,the
obligations,HedidnotimposethemonyoubecauseHewasinneedofyou,butoutofHismercy
onYouthereisnogodbutHimtodistinguishthegoodfromthebad,andtotrywhattherewasin
yourchests,andtestwhattherewasinyourheartssothatyouwouldcompeteforthemercyof
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AllahandthatyourpositionsinHisparadisewouldbeonebetterthananother.Heimposedon
youhajj,umrah(minorhajj),prayer,zakat,fasting,andthefollowingoftheAhlulBayt(a.s).He
madetoyouadoorbywhichyouopenthedoorsoftheotherobligationsandasakeytoHisway.
ExceptforMuhammad(blessingsofAllahbeonhim),andtheguardiansfromhisprogenyyou
wouldbeconfusedlikebeastknowingnothingoftheobligations.Isatownenteredexceptfrom
itsgate?
When
Allah
favored
you
by
appointing
the
guardians
after
your
prophet,
He
said,
(This
day
[1]Qur'an,20:125126.
haveIperfectedforyouyourreligionandcompletedMyfavoronyouandchosenforyouIslamas
areligion).[1]HeimposedonyourightsforHisguardiansandorderedyoutocarrythemoutso
thatyourwives,properties,foods,anddrinkswouldbelawfultoyou.Allahsaid,(Say:Idonotask
ofyouanyrewardforitbutloveformynearrelatives),[2]andknowwellthat(whoeveris
niggardly,isniggardlyagainsthisownself;andAllahisSelfsufficientandyouaretheneedy).[3]
ThereisnogodbutAllah,andmyspeechbecametoolongonwhatwasforyouandwhatwas
requiredfromyou.
ExceptforthatAllahwantedtocompletehisfavoronyou,youwouldneitherseealinefromme
norwouldyouhearawordaftertheleavingofthedeceased(ImamalHadi),peacebeuponhim,
whileyouareininadvertencetoyourend,andaftermyappointingIbrahimbinAbdahtoyou,and
aftermybookthatMuhammadbinMusaanNaysaburihadbroughttoyou,andAllahisHewhose
helpissoughtinanycase.BewaretobeunmindfultowardsAllahsothatyoushallbefromthe
losers!AwaywithhimhewhoturnshisbacktotheobedienceofAllahanddoesnotacceptthe
adviceofHisguardians!AllahhasorderedyoutoobeyHim,toobeyHismessenger,andtoobey
thoseinauthorityamongyou.MayAllahmercifyyourweaknessandinadvertence,andmakeyou
patientwithyouraffair.WhathasbeguiledmanfromhisLord?!Ifmountainsunderstoodsomeof
thatwhichwasinthisbook,theywouldcrackandsplitbecauseofthefearofAllah,andturnback
totheobedienceofAllah.Dowhateveryoulike(soAllahwillseeyourworkand(sowill)His
Messengerandthebelievers;andyoushallbebroughtbacktotheKnoweroftheunseenandthe
seen,thenHewillinformyouofwhatyoudid).[4]PraisebetoAllah,
[1]Qur'an,5:3.
[2]Qur'an,42:23.
[3]Qur'an,47:38.
[4]Qur'an,9:105.
theLordoftheworlds,andHisblessingsbeonMuhammadandallhisprogeny.[1]
2.HislettertothepeopleofQumandAabeh
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ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)sentaletter,somepartsofwhichwerelost,tohisShiafromthe
peopleofQumandAbeh(Aveh)sayingtothem,AllahtheAlmightywithHisgenerosityand
kindnesshasfavoredHispeoplewithHisprophetMuhammad(a.s.)asabearerofgoodtidings
andawarner,andhasmadeyousucceedinacceptingHisreligion,grantedyouwithHisguidance,
andplanted
into
the
hearts
of
your
past
ancestors
(may
He
have
mercy
on
them)
and
your
living
offspring(mayHesufficeandmakethemlivelong)theloveofthepureprogeny(oftheProphet).
They,whohadleft,leftonthewayofrighteousness,andthepathoftruthandsuccess,andthey
wenttotheplaceofsuccessors,gotthefruitsofwhattheyhadsowed,andfoundtheresultof
whattheyhaddonebefore
Ourintentionisstillfirm,andourselvesaresatisfiedwithyourgoodthoughts.Thefixedrelation
betweenusandyouarefirm.Itisawillthatourancestorsandyourancestorshadrecommended,
andacovenantthathadbeenentrustedtoouryouthandyouroldmen.Theyarestillontheir
faith,andAllahhasgatheredusinthecloserelation,andclosekinship.TheAlim(peaceofAllah
beonhim)said,Afaithfulisabrotherofafaithfulfromhisfatherandmother[2]
[1]TuhafalUqool,p.484486,BiharalAnwar,vol.78p.374377,RijalalKashshi,p.354357,.
[2]BiharalAnwar.
3.HislettertoAlibinalHusayn
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)sentalettertothefamousjurisprudentAbulHasanAlibinalHusayn
binMusabinBabwayhalQummi,thenotableoftheShiaandprominentpersonalityinHadith,
jurisprudence,andtherestoftheIslamicsciences.ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)saidinhis
letter,PraisebetoAllahtheLordoftheworlds,andtheendisfortherighteous,theParadiseis
forthemonotheists,theHellisfortheatheists,andthereshouldbenohostilityexceptagainst
oppressors,andthereisnogodbutAllahthebestofcreators,andblessingbeonthebestofHis
creationMuhammadandhispureprogeny.
Omysheikh,trustee,jurisprudentAbulHasanAlibinalHusaynalQummimayAllahbesatisfied
withyou,andmakefromyourprogenygoodchildren IrecommendyoutofearAllah,offer
prayers,andgivezakatbecausenoprayerisacceptedfromonewhodoesnotgivezakat.Ialso
recommendyoutopardonothers,suppressanger,continuouslyassociatewithkin,comfort
brothersandtrytocarryouttheirneedsatdifficultyandease,bepatient,learnreligion,be
certainofthings,undertaketheQur'an,behavewithgoodmorals,enjointhegood,andtoforbid
thewrong.Allahsays,(Thereisnogoodinmostoftheirsecretcounselsexcept(inhis)who
enjoinscharityorgoodnessorreconciliationbetweenpeople).[1]Irecommendyoutoavoidall
sinsandvices.YouaretokeeponofferingNightPrayer,fortheProphet(a.s)hadrecommended
Alisayingtohim,OAli,youaretokeepontheNightPrayer.Herepeatedthatthreetimes.
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WhoeverdisregardstheNightPrayerisnotfromus.Actaccordingtomyrecommendationand
ordermyShiatoactduetothat.Waitfordeliverance,fortheProphet(a.s)said,Thebestdeedof
mynationisthewaitingfor
[1]Qur'an,4:114.
deliverance.OurShiashallbestillinsorrowuntilmyson,whomtheProphet(a.s)broughtgood
newsabout,shallappear.Hewillfilltheearthwithjusticeandfairnessafterithasbeenfilledwith
injusticeandoppression.Omysheikh,bepatientandorderallmyShiatobepatient;(Surelythe
earthisAllah's.HegivesitasinheritancetowhomHewillandtheendis(best)forthe
righteous).[1]Peace,mercy,andblessingsofAllahbeonyouandonallourShia,andAllahis
sufficientforus;thebestProtectorisHe,thebestPatron,andthebestHelper.[2]
4.Hislettertooneofhisfollowers
OneoftheShiawrotetoImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)tellinghimaboutthedisagreement
betweentheShia.Theimamrepliedtohiminthisletter,
Allahhasaddressedreasonablepeoplepeopleconcerningmeareindifferentclasses;a
discerningoneisonthewayofdeliverance,keepingtothetruth,clingingtothebranchofthe
originwithoutbeingdoubtfulorsuspicious,andfindingnoresortotherthanme.Thereisanother
classofpeoplewhodonottakethetruthfromitsowners;theyarelikeatravelerinthesea.They
wavewhenevertheseawaves,andcalmwhenevertheseacalms.Anotherclassofpeopleare
thosewhohavebeenovercomebySatan.Theyjustresistthepeopleoftruth,andfighttruthby
falsehoodoutofenvy.Soletalonewhoevergoesrightorleft,becausewhenashepherdwantsto
gatherhissheep,hegathersthemwiththeleasteffort.Bewareofshowoffandpantingafter
authoritybecausetheyleadtoperishment[3]
[1]Qur'an,7:128.
[2]RawdhatalJannat,vol.4p.273274.
[3]BiharalAnwar,vol.78p.370.
5.Hislettertoanotheroneofhisfollowers
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)sentalettertooneofhisfollowersexpressinghisgrieffromsome
rabbleoftheShiawhohaddeviatedfromtherightpath.Hesaid,
NooneofmyfathershadbeenafflictedlikewhatIhavebeenafflictedwiththesuspicionsofthis
groupifthismatter(imamate)wasamatterthatyouhadbelievedinandkeptonituntila
certaintimeandthenstopped,thensuspicionwouldhavecertaincase,butifit(imamate)is
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continuousaslongastheaffairsofAllaharecontinuous,thenwhatisthemeaningofthis
suspicion?...[1]
6.HislettertoAbdullahalBayhaqi
ImamAbu
Muhammad
(a.s.)
sent
the
following
letter
to
Abdullah
bin
Hamdwayh
al
Bayhaqi:
IhavesentIbrahimbinAbdahsothatthe(other)districtsandthepeopleofyourdistrictpaymy
duesonyoutohimandImadehimmytrustandagentbeforemyfollowersthere.Letthemfear
Allahandpaytheduesandtheyhavenoexcuseinnotdoingthatordelayingit.MayAllahnot
distressthemfordisobeyingHisguardiansandmayHehavemercyonthemandonyouthrough
mymercifulnesstothem,andAllahisAmplegiving,Generous.[2]
7.HisletteraboutIbrahim
ImamAbuMuhammadalAskari(a.s.)hadappointedIbrahimbinAbdahashisagenttoreceive
thelegalduesandtospendthemonreligionandontheneedy,andgivenhimalettermentioning
inithisreliabilityandhighposition.ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)wasaskedwhetherthisletter
waswrittenbyhimornot,andhereplied,
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.78,p.372.
[2]RijalalKashshi,p.358.
MybookthatcametoIbrahimbinAbdahonappointinghimasmyagenttoreceivemyrights
fromourfollowersthereyes,itwasmybookwrittenbymyhandtohim.Ihaveappointedhimto
themintheircountry.Itistrueandnotfalse.LethimfearAllahasHeshouldbefeared,andlet
themtakeoutmyrightsandgivethemtohim,forIhavepermittedhimtodowiththemas
required.MayAllahgivehimsuccessandsavehimfromfailure.[1]
8.Hislettertohisfollowers
Hesentthislettertosomeofhisfollowers:
MayAllahgiftyouwithasceticisminthislifeandsuccessasHepleases,assistanceforHis
obedience,protectionfromdisobedience,guidancefromdeviation,andmayHegatherforusand
forourfollowersthegoodofthetwoabodes(thislifeandtheafterlife).
Iwasinformedofthedisagreementofyourhearts,andtheseparationofyourdesires,andthe
incitementofSatanuntilhecausedseparationamongyou,disbeliefinreligion,attemptingto
destroywhatyourancestorshadbuiltinthereligionofAllahandprovedtherightsofHis
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guardians.He(Satan)tookyoutothewayofdeviation,andawayfromthepathofthetruth,and
somanyofyourecededasifyouhadnotreadtheBookofAllahandnotunderstoodanyofHis
commandsandprohibitions.Iswearthatifyourfoolsrelyontheirdelusionsandfabricatefalse
traditions,theyshalldeservetorment,andifyouaresatisfiedwiththatfromthemanddonot
denyitbyyourhands,tongues,hearts,andintentions,youshallbeparticipantswiththeminwhat
theyhave
fabricated
against
Allah,
His
messenger,
and
the
guardians
after
him.
If
it
was
not
so,
thepeopleofazZabadwouldnotlieintheirclaim,noralMughirahintheir
[1]RijalalKashshi,p.358.
disagreement,noralKaysaniyyahontheirman,norotherliarsandthedeviantswhohaveturned
awayfromus.Indeed,youareworsethanthemandmostofthemwereobligedtosubmittothe
commandofAllah,exceptsomegroupthatifIwant,IshallmentionitbythenameSatanhas
overcomethemandmadethemforgetthementionofAllah,andwhoeverforgetsthementionof
AllahAllahwillthrowhimintoFire,anditshallbeanevilabode.
Mythisbookisanauthorityonthem,andanauthorityforyourabsentsonyourpresents,except
onewhoisinformedandcarriesouthisduty.IprayAllahtogatheryourheartsonguidance,
protectyoubypiety,andmakeyoudowhatpleasesHim,andpeace,blessing,andmercyofAllah
beonyou.[1]
9.Hislettertooneofhisadherents
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)saidinthislettertooneofhisfollowers:
Everypredestinedthingwouldcometrue.RelyonAllahtheAlmightyandHewillsufficeyou,and
trustinHimandHewillnotdisappointyou!Youhavecomplainedagainstyourbrother.Knowwell
thatAllahdoesnothelpintheraptureofrelations,andAllahisoveranyoppressionofevery
oppressor.WhoeverisoppressedsurelyAllahwillhelphim,andAllahisStrong,Mighty.Youhave
askedmetoprayforyou.MayAllahtheAlmightykeepyousafe,andbeyourhelperand
protector.IprayAllahtheGenerous,WhohasmadeyouknowHisrightandtherightofHis
guardiansthatothersthanyouwereignorantof,nottoremovefromyouanyblessingHehas
endowedyouwith,HeisPatronworthyofallpraise.[2]
[1]AdDurranNadheem,p.224.
[2]AdDurranNadheem.
10.HislettertooneofhisShiaadherents
OneoftheShiawrotealettertotheimamcomplainingagainstanoppressorwhooppressedand
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didhimwrong.ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)repliedtohim:
WesatisfyourselveswithAllahtheAlmightythisdayagainsteveryoppressor,wrongdoer,and
envier.WoeuntowhoeversayssomethingthatAllahknowsitsopposite.Howterribleisthat
whichheshallmeetfromtheMasteroftheDayofJudgment!SurelyAllahtheAlmightyisthe
Helperand
Assistant
to
the
oppressed.
Trust
and
rely
on
Him
and
He
will
relieve
your
distress
and
saveyoufromtheevilofeveryevildoer.MayAllahdothatforyouandfavoruswithyou,Heis
powerfulovereverything.MayAllahovercomeeveryoppressorthismoment!Noone,who
wrongsandoppresses,shallbesuccessful.Woeuntowhoeveristakenbythefingersofthe
oppressed!DonotbedistressedbuttrustinAllahandrelyonHim,andHewillbringyour
deliverancesoon.SurelyAllahiswiththosewhoarepatientandwhodogoodtoothers.[1]
[1]AdDurranNadheem,p.225.
Wordsoflight
Agoodcollectionofmaximsandwonderfulwordsondifferentsocialandeducationalissueswere
transmittedfromImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)andconsideredfromthetreasuresoftheIslamic
literature.Herewepresenttoreaderssomeoftheimamswonderfulsayings:
The
Preference
Of
The
Ahlul
Bayt
(A.S)
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)said,Wehaveascendedthetopsoffactsbythefeetofprophethood
andguardianship,andlitthesevenwayswiththebannersofmagnanimity.Wearelionsof
battles,sourcesofgenerosity.Swordandpenareamongusnow,andthebannerofpraiseand
knowledgelateron.Ourgrandsonsarethesuccessorsofreligion,alliesofcertainty,lampsof
nations,andthekeysofgenerosity.Agenerousonehasputonthegarmentofchoiceforloyalty
thatwehaveknowninhim,andtheHolySpiritintheHeavens,andhetastedfromourgardens
earlyfruits.OurShiaaretherescuedparty,andthepuregroup.Theyhavebeenasdressand
protectionforus,andassistanceagainstoppressorsSpringsoflifewillgushoutforthemafter
flamesof
Fireand
all
bad
years
SheikhalMajlisicommentedonthiswordbysaying,Thisisabsolutewisdom,andanample
blessingthatdeafearscan
hearandhighmountainsshakefor.PeaceandblessingsofAllahbeonthem[1]
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TheimamsoftheAhlulBayt(a.s)hadaveryhighpositionnearAllahWhohadendowedthem
withvirtuesandknowledgethatnooneofthehumanbeingsotherthanthemhadeverbeen
endowedwith.AllahhadmadethemtheguidestoHiscontentment,andtheleaderstoHis
obedience.Theyallwereandarelampstonationsandkeysofgenerosityinthislife,andinthe
afterlifetheywillbetheintercessorsandbearersofthebannerofHamd(praise),andAllahhas
giventhem
the
Highest
Paradise.
HisRecommendationToHisAdherents
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)preachedandadvisedhisShiabysaying,
IrecommendyoutofearAllah,bepiousinyourreligion,striveforAllah,betruthfulinspeaking,
givedepositbacktoitsownergoodorbadheis,increaseprostration,andtobegoodto
neighbors.Bythese(principles)Muhammad(a.s.)camewithhismission.Associatewithyourkin,
attendtheirfunerals,visittheirsick,andcarryouttheirrights,forifanyoneofyouispiousinhis
religion,truthfulinhisspeech,hegivesdepositbacktoitsowner,andtreatspeoplekindly,itshall
besaidabouthim:thisisaShia,andthisshallpleaseme.
FearAllah,begoodanddonotbebad!Attracteverylovetous,andkeepanyobscenityaway
fromus,becausewhatevergoodissaidaboutuswedeserveit,andwhateverbadissaidaboutus
isnotinus.WehavearightintheBookofAllah,kinshiptothemessengerofAllah,and
purificationfromAllahthatnooneotherthanusclaimsbutaliar.Mention
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.78p.338.
Allahtoomuchandrememberdeath!RecitetheQur'anandsendpeaceandblessingsonthe
Prophet(a.s),becausethesendingofblessingsontheProphet(a.s)hastengooddeeds.Keepin
mindwhatIhaverecommendedyou!IprayAllahtoprotectyou(Ifarewellyou),andsendpeace
onyou.[1]
AValuableAdvice
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)said,
Avoidbeggingpeopleaslongasyoucantolerate,foreverydayhasanewgoodness.Insistingon
askingothersdeprivesoneofhisgravityexceptwhenadoormaybeopenedtoyouforagood
entrance.Andhownearslappingistoarashone!Jealousymightbeakindofthemannersof
AllahtheAlmighty.Luckshavedegrees,sodonothastentowardsafruitthatitisnotripeyet
becauseitisgotatitstime!He,Whomanagesyouraffairs,ismoreawareofthetimethatisgood
foryou.TrustinHisexperienceinyouraffairsanddonothurryforyourneedsatthebeginningof
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yourtimeandthenyourheartmaybedistressedanddespairmayovercomeyou!Knowthat
coynesshasacertainextentandifitexceeds,itshallturntoweakness,generosityhasacertain
extentandifitexceeds,itshallbewasting,economyhasacertainextentandifitexceeds,itshall
bestinginess,andcouragehasacertainextentandifitexceeds,itshallberecklessness[2]
Preaching
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)oftenandalwaysadvisedhiscompanions,remindedthemofthe
afterlife,andwarnedthemagainsttheseditionanddeceptionoftheworldlylife.Once,hesaid,
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.78p.372.
[2]NuzhatanNadhir,p.5051.
Youareinshortlives,andfewdays,anddeathcomesunexpectedly.Whoeversowsgoodshall
harvesthappiness,andwhoeversowsevilshallharvestregret.Everysowershallgetwhathehas
sowed.Noslowoneisprecededbyhisluck,andnocarefulonegetswhathasnotbeen
determinedforhim.Whoeverisgivengood,Allahhasgivenhimthat,andwhoeverissavedfrom
anevilAllahhassavedhimfromit.[1]
PonderingOnAllah
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)said,
Worshipisnottheabundantfastingandpraying,butworshipistheabundantpondering;itisthe
continuousthinkingofAllah.[2]
Inhistraditions,theimamestablishedthebasesofthefaithinAllah,andthemostimportantone
ofwhichwasthethinkingofAllah,andponderingonHiswonderfulcreationbecausethatwould
leadmantotheabsolutefaithinAllah,theGreatCreator.
WisdomOfFasting
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)said,Allahhasimposedfastingsothatthewealthymightsuffer
hungerandbekindtothepoor.[3]
DispraisingTheHypocrites
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)said,Whatabadmanheiswhohastwofacesandtwotongues!He
praiseshisbrotherwhenheispresentandeatshisflesh(backbiteshim)whenheis
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.78p.338.
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[2]Ibid.,p.373.
[3]KashfalGhummah,vol.3p.193,ManLaYahdhuruhualFaqih,vol.2p.43.
absent.Heenvieshimifheisgiven(becomesingoodstate),andbetrayshimifheisafflicted.[1]
PiousAnd
Impious
ImamAbuMuhammad(a.s.)said,Theloveofthepioustothepiousisavirtueforthepious,the
hatredoftheimpioustowardsthepiousisameritforthepious,andthehatredofthepious
towardstheimpiousisdisgracefortheimpious.[2]
WonderfulShortMaxims
ThefollowingaresomeofthewonderfulmaximstransmittedfromImamAbuMuhammadal
Askari(a.s.).Hesaid,
1.Iffateisinevitable,thenwhatforisthesupplication(ofmantootherthanAllah)?
2.Abelieverisablessingforabelieverandanauthorityonanunbeliever.
3.Theheartofafoolisinhismouth,andthemouthofawisemanisinhisheart.
4.Angeristhekeyofeveryevil.
5.Aspitefuloneistheleastcomfortable.
6.Themostpiousofpeopleishewhorefrainsbeforesuspicion.Themostworshippingofpeople
ishewhokeepsonobligations.Themostasceticoneishewhorefrainsfromunlawfulthings.The
bestmujtahidishewhorefrainsfromsins.
7.Letnosecurelivelihoodmakeyoubusyawayfromanobligatorydeed!
[1]BiharalAnwar,vol.78p.373.
[2]AlMajalisasSaniyyah,vol.2p.663.
8.He,whoexceedsinsomething,islikeonewholacksthatthing.
9.Wheneveramightyonegivesupthetruth,hebecomeslow,andwheneveralowonekeepsto
it,hebecomesmighty.
10.Thefriendofanignorantisalwaystired.
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11.Therearetwoqualitiesthatnoqualityisoverthem;thefaithinAllahandtheservingof
brothers.
12.Thedaringofachildinchildhoodbeforefathermakeshimundutifulinadulthood.
13.Itisnotfrompolitenesstoshowjoybeforeadistressedperson.
14.Betterthanlifeisthatwhichifyoulose,youshallhatelife,andworsethandeathisthat
whichifcomestoyou,youshalllovedeath.
15.Taminganignorantandpreventingahabitualfromhishabitsareasamiracle.
16.Humblenessisablessingthatisnotenvied.
17.Donotbegeneroustosomeonewithwhatmaybeheavytohim![1]
18.He,whoadviseshisbrothersecretly,doeshimgood,andhe,whoadviseshimopenly,does
himwrong.
19.Howbadfromafaithfulitiswhenhehasadesirethatdegradeshim.
20Itsufficesyoutobepolitethatyouavoidwhatyouhateinothers.
21.Bewareofeverysilent,intelligentone!
[1]Becausethatsomeonefindsthathehastoanswerwiththesame.
22.Ifallpeopleofthisworldareintelligent,theworldwouldberuined.
23.Theweakestofenemiesincunning,ishewhoshowshisenmity.
24.Thebestofyourbrothersishewhoforgetsyourwrongagainsthim,andremembersyour
kindnesstohim.
25.Goodfigureisapparentbeauty,andgoodmindishiddenbeauty.
26.He,whoisfriendlywithAllah,feelsaversiontowardspeople.
27.He,whodoesnotregardpeople,doesnotregardAllah.
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28.Viceshavebeenputinahousewhosekeyislying.
29.Whenheartsareactive,putintothem,andwhentheydetest,farewellthem!
30.Following
after
one
whom
you
hope
is
better
than
remaining
with
one
whom
you
do
not
feel
safefromhisevil.
31.Ignoranceisanenemyanddiscernmentisauthority,andhe,whompatiencedoesnotmake
sufferagoniesofanger,shallnotfeeltheeaseofheart.
32.Thegiftofagenerousonemakesyoubelovedtohim,andthegiftofameanonemakesyou
lowtohim.
33.Whoeverpietyishishabitandvirtuesarehisgarmentsshallwinonhisenemiesbygood
praise,andshallbefortifiedagainstdefectsbygoodmention.
34.He,whopraisesanundeservingone,becomesasaccused.
35.Nooneknows(therealityof)ablessingexceptthegrateful,andnooneisgratefultoa
blessingexcepttheknowing.
36.Stayingupmakessleepmorepleasant,andhungermakesfoodmoredelicious.
37.GettingtoAllahtheAlmightyisatravelthatisnotachievedexceptbyridingthenight.[1]
38.He,whodoesnotknowhowtoprevent,doesnotknowhowtogive.
39.HesaidtoalMutawakkil,theAbbasidcaliph,Donotexpectgoodwillfromonewhomyou
haveoffended,orloyaltyfromonewhomyouhavebetrayed,orsincerityfromonewhomyou
havesuspected,becausetheheartsofotherstowardsyouarelikeyourhearttowardsthem.
40.Itisfromignorancetolaughwithnoreason.
41.ThespeechofAllahhaspreferencetoallspeechasHispreferencetoHiscreation,andour
speechhaspreferencetothespeechofpeopleasourpreferencetothem.
42.Itisfromhumblenesstogreeteveryoneyoupassby,andtositinotherthanthedistinctive
placeinameeting.
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43.Theworthiestpeopleof(your)lovearethosewhocomfortyou.
44.Fromthedisastersthatbreakonesbackisaneighborwhoifseesagooddeed,heputsitout
andifseesabaddeed,hespreadsit.
45.(In
the
name
of
Allah,
the
Beneficent,
the
Merciful)
is
closer
to
the
greatest
Name
of
Allah
thantheirisoftheeyetoitswhite.
46.Donotdisputewithotherssothatyourgravitygoesaway,anddonotjokesothatitisdared
againstyou.
[1]Spendingthenightwithworshipping.
47.Whoeverissatisfiedtositinotherthanthedistinctiveplaceinameeting,AllahandHis
angelssendblessingsonhimuntilheleavesthemeeting.
48.Polytheisminpeopleishiddenmorethanthecreepingofantsonablackclothinadark
night.
49.Heartshaveideasfromfancy,whilemindsshakeandgetmoreknowledgeoutof
experiments,andtakinglessonsleadstoreasonability.
50.Predominantfatesarenotresistedbystruggle,anddeterminedlivelihoodsarenotgainedby
greedinessandrequestingsubmityourselftofatesandknowthatyoushallnotgetexceptwhat
hasbeendeterminedforyou.
WiththeHolyQuran
TheinfallibleimamsoftheAhlulBayt(a.s)paidtoomuchattentiontotheinterpretation(tafsir)of
theHolyQur'an.Eachoneofthemhadaschooloftafsir,anddefinitelytheywerethemostaware
ofthecontentsoftheQur'anandallitssciences.ThemasterofthepureprogenyImamAli(a.s.)
was,among
all
the
Prophets
companions,
the
most
aware
of
the
facts
and
minute
details
of
the
quran,itsmuhkam(clear)versesandmutashabih(ambiguous)verses,andheknewwhenand
whereeachversewasrevealed.