The Kidneys
Major Topics for Discussion Review of anatomy and physiology Congenital anomalies Glomerular diseases Vascular diseases Kidney stones Neoplasia
PAS Stain of Normal Glomerulus - Capillary Loops within Bowman’s Capsule
Normal Glomerulus
(Renal Filter Unit)
Congenital Anomalies
Horseshoe Kidney
Cystic Renal Dysplasia
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Cystic Renal Dysplasia
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic Syndrome (proteinuria, lipidemia, edema)
Nephritic Syndrome (hematuria, oliguria, hypertension)
Electron Micrograph of the Glomerular Filter - from Capillary Lumen, across the Basement Membrane to the Urinary Space
Pathogenesis of Nephrotic Syndrome
“Minimal Change
Nephrotic Syndrome”
Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Glomerulopathy (Glomerulonephritis)
Anti-GBM antibody
Immune complex
Anti-neutrophil
cytoplasmic antibody
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Silver Stain….
HIV-Associated Nephropathy
Pathogenesis of Membranous
Glomerulopathy
( immune complex disease)
Immunofluorescence Demonstration of Immune Complex Proteins Deposited in the Glomerular Basement Membrane
Pathogenesis of Diabetic
Glomerulopathy
PAS Stain….
Diabetic Glomerulopathy
Pathogenesis of Amyloid
Nephropathy
Pathogenesis of Amyloid
Nephropathy
Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis
Post-Strep Nephritis (Immune Complexes)
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody Disease
Crescentic Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis
Pathogenesis of Crescentic
(Rapidly Progressive)
Glomerulonephritis
Vascular Diseases
Hypertensive (Benign) Nephrosclerosis
Embolism & Infarction
Shock & Renal Cortical Necrosis
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Benign Nephrosclerosis
(Hypertension)
Renal Infarct
(Embolism)
Renal Cortical Necrosis
(Shock)
Pathogenesis of Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
Obstruction Acute Renal Failure
Pathogenesis of Pyelonephritis
Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Pyelonephritis
Acute Pyelonephritis
Neutrophils are present in the collecting tubules and interstitial tissue.
Chronic Pyelonephritis
Bisected Kidney Shows Papillary Necrosis
Renal Stones and Urinary Tract Obstruction
Staghorn Calculi
Calcium
Infection
Uric acid
Nephrolithiasis
Hydronephrosis
Complication of Urinary Tract Obstruction
Neoplasia
Wilms Tumor (most common abdominal solid tumor in children)
Renal Cell Carcinoma(most common kidney cancer - 90%)
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Path Key Words Acute
glomerulonephritis Acute renal failure Acute tubular necrosis Adult polycystic kidney
disease Cystic renal dysplasia Hematuria Hydronephrosis
Minimal change nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome Oliguria Pyelonephritis Renal cell carcinoma Urolithiasis Wilms tumor