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The Inversion Effect in HRI
Jakub Złotowski & Christoph Bartneck
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Anthropomorphism
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Measurement tools
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Inversion effect
P. Bernard, S. J. Gervais, J. Allen, S. Campomizzi, and O. Klein, “Integrating sexual objectification with object versus person recognition: The sexualized-body-inversion hypothesis,” Psychological Science, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 469–471, 2012.
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Research questions Do robots elicit the inversion effect? Can the magnitude of the inversion effect be
used as a measurement tool of a target's anthropomorphism?
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Measurements Correctness of participants' responses Reaction times Godspeed Anthropomorphism Scale
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Materials (examples)
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Materials (examples)
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Materials (examples)
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Procedure
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Procedure
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Procedure
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Procedure
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Procedure
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Procedure
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Experimental design
Upright Upside
Object Accuracy and Speed Accuracy and Speed
Robot Accuracy and Speed Accuracy and Speed
Human Accuracy and Speed Accuracy and Speed
NO
YES
?
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Participants 47 participants (15 female) Mainly postgraduate and undergraduate
students Age range 18 – 58 years; M = 26.26 From 24 countries, mainly NZ and China Limited or no experience with robots
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Inversion effect
Upright Upside down30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
Object
Robot
Human
Image orientation
Re
cog
niti
on
acc
ura
cy
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Inversion effect
Upright Upside down30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
Object
Robot
Human
Image orientation
Re
cog
niti
on
acc
ura
cy
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Inversion effect
Upright Upside down30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
Object
Robot
Human
Image orientation
Re
cog
niti
on
acc
ura
cy
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Inversion effect
Upright Upside down30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
Object
Robot
Human
Image orientation
Re
cog
niti
on
acc
ura
cy
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Validity of the method
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Clusters
Rest Androids
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Conclusions Images of people and robots are processed
configurally – robots processed more like humans than objects
Discrepancy between the self-report and cognition Linear relation between the inversion effect and
anthropomorphism New method outperformed by the Godspeed
Anthropomorphism Scale
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Limitations and future work Images rather than real robots Embodiments might change in the future Mirroring images might NOT be optimal for
creating distractors Which robots are processed configurally? Replication of the study with industrial and
popular media robots, and toys with anthropomorphic appearance
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Thank you!