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The influence of forestry and
disturbance on White-tailed
eagle breeding success
Tibor Mikuska Croatian Society of Bird and Nature
Protection Szekszard, 17-18 Oct 2011
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Acknowledgment
Data also supplied by: Andreja Radović, Valerija Hima (Lonjsko polje) Vlatko Rožac, Boris Bolšec, Sandor Horvat, Hrvoje Domazetović, Stjepan Tkalčec (Kopački rit) Predrag Livak, Tomislav Crnjac, Virna Krpan (Pozesko-slavonska county) Nenad i Mirko Šetina, Vesna Antić, Mario Pavičić (Slavonsko-brodska county) Pavle Dragičević, Stipa Matijašević (Vukovarsko-srijemska county)
Joint HU-HR group (Attila Morocz, Tamas Deme, Lorand Lukacsi et al.)
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Threats by country
threats
DE AT SK HU HR RS BG RO
Forestry L ** C M H M H C
Land exploitation L M H L L L H L
River regulation / drainage N L M L H L M H
Disturbance L ** H M M M H C
Reduction of prey base N N U L L C L M
Shooting and trapping N U C L L L M H
Nest robbing N N L L L U L L
Poisoning L H C H U L U H
Lead poisoning * * U M H U U M
Pesticides and pollutants N U U M U M U L
Collision and electrocution L M H M L L U U
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Data set & results
Year
Success
Failure
Total
% sucess
% failure
2006 18 7 25 72 28
2007 18 8 26 69 31
2008 12 11 23 52 48
2009 16 10 26 62 38
2010 34 35 69 49 51
2011 36 26 62 58 42
Total 134 97 231 58 42
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successful58%
notsuccessful
42%
n = 231
Nesting failures
natural9%
human induced46%
unknown45%
N = 97
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Human induced nesting failures
clear cut20%
forestry works62%
hunting9%
disturbance9%
n = 44
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Position of the nest
Seven classess In the forest Edge of the
marsh River island Forest w/ road Marsh w/ road Edge of the
clear cut In the clear cut
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Probability of nesting failure
Successful Not successful Significance
In the forest (n=53)
29 (55%) 24 (45%) X2 = 21,175 P = 0,0001**
Edge of the marsh (n=69)
48 (70%) 21 (30%) X2 = 4,696 P = 0,0302*
River island (n=7)
5 (71%) 2 (29%) X2 = 0,321 P = 0,5708 NS
Marsh w/ road (n=27)
15 (56%) 12 (44%) X2 = 10,083 P = 0,0015**
Forest w/ road (n=23)
11 (48%)
12 (52%)
X2 = 14,880 P = 0,0001**
Edge of the clear cut (n=20)
10 (50%) 10 (50%) X2 = 11,250 P = 0,0008**
In the clear cut (n=19)
8 (42%) 11 (58%) X2 = 17,053 P = 0,0001**
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Protection status
Not protected (n = 68)
successful44%
not successful56%
Nature park (n = 112)
successful58%
not successful42%
Special reserve (n = 51)
successful76%
not successful24%
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Definition of intensive forestry
Single species stands
Unified age of the stand
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Management recommendations
How many trees / radius should be left?
X
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Management recommendations
15-20 trees
X
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Management recommendations
100 x 100 m
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How many trees / radius should be left? – least number approach – wrong approach
Change from intensive to extensive forestry (PROSILVA forest management)
Strict obedience of nest protection zone during breeding season (300-500 m)
Creation of special reserves – appropriate for eastern European countries
Management recommendations
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