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The Impact of alcohol on admissions to Scottish Intensive
Care Units : A National Service
EvaluationDr Peter O’BrienSpecialist Registrar
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National Service Evaluation
• Proposed by Dr Tim Geary, Dr Sara Ramsay
• Approved by SICSAG – Spring 2009• H1N1- delay• Local co-ordinators via SICSAG
consultant leads• 23 units• Ethics / Caldicott guardianship
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Methods
• Prospective service evaluation• October 2009• Inclusion criteria – all adult
admissions• Exclusion critieria
•Paediatric patients (<16yr)•Readmissions•Tertiary referrals (unless not
admitted to ICU at base hospital)
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Data collection
• Demographics• Three themes regarding alcohol
– Direct influence•Acute intoxication•Chronic alcohol related disease
– Indirect influence– Secondary influence
•Chronic alcohol related disease•Documented alcohol dependance
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Data collection - outcomes
• Wardwatcher™ database – ICU mortality– Hospital mortality– ICU length of stay– Ventilator days– Hospital length of stay
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Results – Total admissions
• Sample size – 771 patients• No. alcohol related – 196 (25.4%)• No. chronic alcohol related – 171 (22.2%)
Unplanned admissions• Sample size – 642 patients• No. alcohol related – 196 (30.5%)• No. chronic alcohol related – 171 (26.6%)
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Alcohol Non-alcohol p value
Number (%) 196 (25.4) 575 (74.6)
Age (yrs)Median (IQR)
51 (38 – 63) 63 (48 – 73) p < 0.001
No. Male (%)
140 (71.4) 291 (50.6) p = 0.009
APACHE IIMedian (IQR)
19 (13 – 24) 16.5 (12 – 22)
p = 0.061
Total admissions - demographics
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Ayr Bord D&G FifeForVal
GG & C
Gram High Lan Loth Tay
Total 54 41 29 40 28209
45 33 93 163 36
Alcohol related? 11 7 5 14 6 72 12 7 20 35 7
Chronic alcohol related
disease?
9 7 4 13 5 60 11 5 20 31 6
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% Total admissions – alcohol related
% Alcohol related
Chronic alcoholRelated disease
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% Unplanned admissions – alcohol related
Alcohol related
Chronic alcoholRelated disease
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26%27%
23%
22%
28%
26%
36%
24%
26%
21%36%
% Alcohol related UnplannedAdmissions
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Alcohol (n=196)
Non-alcohol (n= 575)
p value
ICU mortality (%)
35 (18) 90 (16) p = 0.541
Hospital Mortality (%)
51 (26.0) 133 (23.1) p = 0.541
SMR 0.8 0.8Ventilator daysMedian (IQR)
2 (1-6) 1 (0-4) p <0.001
ICU LOS (Dys)Median (IQR)
2.5 (0.9-6.1)
2.2 (0.9-5.0)
p = 0.673
Hospital LOS (Dys) Median (IQR)
11 (4-29) 14 (6-27) p = 0.202
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Literature review
• Marik P, Mohedin B– Prospective cohort study – Detroit, USA– Urban medical ICU– 200 consecutive adms– 21% directly related to alcohol– Tended to be younger and male
Alcohol & Alcoholism. 1996;31(4):393-6
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• Uusaro et al– Finland – Medical/surgical adult ICU– Prospective cohort study over 1 year– Relationship between alcohol and
admission in 24% (215/893)– Reported longer ICU LOS – No difference in ICU or Hospital mortality
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005;49:1236-1240
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• Mostafa SM, Murthy BVS– Liverpool– Mixed medical/surgical ICU– Prospective cohort study over 12 months– 28% (89/317) directly associated with
alcohol consumption– Median APACHE II 19 (4-35)
Euro J Anaes 2002;19:193-196
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Limitations
• Only 1 month snap-shot• True burden of alcohol unknown as not
every referral is admitted to ICU• H1N1 • Small sample size
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Summary
• 25.4% of all adult admissions to Scottish ICUs in Oct 2009 were associated with alcohol
• 30.5% of unplanned admissions• Regional variation exists within Scotland• Primarily associated with younger males• Associated with longer duration of ventilation• No difference in ICU/ Hospital length of stay,
ICU/Hospital mortality
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Acknowledgments
Gary ReillyScott McNeillMichelle ShawLiam O’NeillMustafa AymanPhilip RaeAustin RattrayChristopher Wright
Clare Newton-DunnClare FelderhofDerek McLaughlanRamy LabibEd JamesFiona AndersonIain McCullaghJamie Hornsby
Pamela DeanJuliana SiskIngo Abo ZeidRobert DockingKathyn DunneNeil GlassfordClaire Tordoff
SICSAG committeeAngela KellacherBrian Cook
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Freq
Age