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©National Safety Council 2010 1
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© 2017 National Safety Council
The High Cost of Fatigue
Becky Turpin
Director
National Safety Council
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© 2017 National Safety Council
Who is NSC?
Our Mission:
The National Safety Council eliminates
preventable deaths at work, in homes
and communities, and on the road through leadership, research, education
and advocacy.
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© 2017 National Safety Council
Fatigue impairment
Cost of fatigue
Causes of fatigue
Managing fatigue
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©National Safety Council 2010 2
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“Fatigue describes the feelings of
tiredness, sleepiness, reduced
energy and increased effort
needed to perform tasks at a
desired level.”
What is fatigue?
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Causes of fatigue
Work or tasks demands
Sleep loss
Circadian rhythm misalignment
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Causes of fatigue
Work or tasks demands
Sleep loss
Circadian rhythm misalignment
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nsc.org/FatigueSurvey
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Why are we not getting
enough sleep?
Untreated sleep disorders
Not prioritizing sleep
Work schedules interfere
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50-70 million people in the U.S.
are living with a sleep disorder
Up to 90% are
undiagnosed and untreated
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Sleep problems costs the U.S.
economy
$410 billion annually
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Obstructive
Sleep Apnea Insomnia
Blocked airway
during sleep-
loud snoring
34% of men,
17% of women
have OSA
Trouble falling or
staying asleep
10% of Americans
have chronic
insomnia
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Obstructive
Sleep Apnea Insomnia
Trouble falling or
staying asleep
Blocked airway
during sleep-
loud snoring
34% of men,
17% of women
have OSA
10% of Americans
have chronic
insomnia
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How do sleep problems
affect the workplace?
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Sleep problems
affect productivity
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decrease in
productivity6%
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decrease in
productivity6%
For an untreated insomniac,
that’s about 11 days a year in
presenteeism
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Sleep deficiency and untreated sleep
disorders costs employers…
$1,700 per employee per year
for missed days of work
$2,500 per employee per year
in productivity loss
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Sleep problems
affect safety
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of
work injuries could be attributed to
sleep problems
13%
In 2014, a meta-analysis showed…
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Workers had <2 hours of
sleep
Three Mile Island Tracy Morgan’s Crash
Meltdown occurred at
4:00am
Trucker was sleep
deprived
Credit: Sleep Health Institute of Brigham and Women’s Hospital – Sleep Matters Initiative
NASA Shuttle Challenger
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NTSB study found…
20% of investigations identified
fatigue as a probable cause,
contributing factor, or a finding
Marcus, J. H., & Rosekind, M. R. (2017). Fatigue in transportation: NTSB
investigations and safety recommendations. Injury prevention, 23(4), 232-238.
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NTSB study found…
Fatigue was a factor in
40% of highway crashes
Marcus, J. H., & Rosekind, M. R. (2017). Fatigue in transportation: NTSB
investigations and safety recommendations. Injury prevention, 23(4), 232-238.
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of fatal crashes involve
a drowsy driver21%
Tefft, B. C. (2014). Prevalence of motor vehicle crashes involving drowsy drivers, United
States, 2009-2013. Washington, DC: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
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Accidents and injuriesare very costly for employers.
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Sleep problems
affect health
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Obstructive
Sleep Apnea is associated with…
Insomniais associated with…
Depression
Hypertension
Mortality
Diabetes
Hypertension
Cardiovascular
disease
Heart attack
Stroke
Mortality
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© 2017 National Safety Council
Obstructive
Sleep Apnea is associated with…
Insomniais associated with…
Depression
Hypertension
Mortality
Diabetes
Hypertension
Cardiovascular
disease
Heart attack
Stroke
Mortality
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© 2017 National Safety Council
Sleep deficiency and untreated sleep
disorders costs employers…
$3,000 per employee per year in
increased health care costs
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An employer with 700
employees can expect to pay
$1 million a year for tired employees
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How much is fatigue costing your
organization?
Visit nsc.org/TiredatWork
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Visit nsc.org/TiredatWork
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© 2017 National Safety Council
Visit nsc.org/TiredatWork
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Visit nsc.org/TiredatWork
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Visit nsc.org/TiredatWork
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Sleep Health Program is
Education + Screening
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©National Safety Council 2010 14
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Visit nsc.org/TiredatWork
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How much is fatigue costing your
organization?
Visit nsc.org/TiredatWork
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© 2017 National Safety Council
“When you live and
breathe safety like we do, screening and
treating drivers with sleep apnea is just
the right thing to do.”
- Tom DiSalvi,
- Schneider vice president of safety and loss prevention
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Drivers with untreated OSA
had 5x the crash risk as
those complying with treatment
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Treated OSA Untreated OSA5x crash risk
70 preventable
crashes
14 preventable
crashes
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OSA treatment resulted in a 73%
reduction in preventable crashes
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OSA treatment resulted 47.8%
reduction in per member per month
(PMPM) health care spending
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Cost of crashes
Health care expenditures
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Fatigue can be managed at
home, and in the workplace
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nsc.org/fatiguekit
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Best practices in shift scheduling
Rotation
• Forward rotate shifts
• Ex: day-afternoon-night
• Slowly rotate shifts
• Ex: 2 weeks on days, 2 weeks
on night
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© 2017 National Safety Council
Best practices in shift scheduling
Rotation
• Forward rotate shifts
• Ex: day-afternoon-night
• Slowly rotate shifts
• Ex: 2 weeks on days, 2 weeks
on night
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© 2017 National Safety Council
Best practices in shift scheduling
Shift returns
Provide at least
10 hours off between shifts, but 12 is optimal
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Best practices in shift scheduling
Night shifts
• Allow 30 minute naps
• End shift at set time
• Limit consecutive shifts
• No more than 4 night shifts in
a row
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© 2017 National Safety Council
Best practices in shift scheduling
Night shifts
• Allow 30 minute naps
• End shift at set time
• Limit consecutive shifts
• No more than 4 night shifts in
a row
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© 2017 National Safety Council
Best practices in shift scheduling
Night shifts
• Allow 30 minute naps
• End shift at set time
• Limit consecutive shifts
• No more than 4 night shifts in
a row
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©National Safety Council 2010 20
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Best practices in shift scheduling
Night shifts
• Allow 30 minute naps
• End shift at set time
• Limit consecutive shifts
• No more than 4 night shifts in
a row
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© 2017 National Safety Council
nsc.org/fatiguekit
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NSC Fatigue Initiative
Where have we been
and where are we going?
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NSC Fatigue InitiativeResources available
nsc.org/fatiguekit
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NSC.org/TiredatWorkReport
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NSC Fatigue Initiative
Where are we going?
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Policies, practices,
programs and
procedures that
incorporates fatigue risk
management into an
existing safety system.
FRMS
Fatigue risk
management
systems
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nsc.org/Fatigue
nsc.org/TiredatWork
Questions?