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W H E R E A R E A L L T H E W O M E N I N C O A C H I N G ?
The Glass Ceiling
Melissa Ferry MEd; RAA
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Coach Ferry
GMU [BSEd] /VCU [MEd]
NIAAA [RAA]
USATF Level 1 & Level 2
2nd Level 2/USATF Instructor Cert. - July
4th yr/Head Track & Field Coach- Girls’ @ MV
10th yr coaching – Club, Private, Public
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#1
List the top 5 male coaches you’ve ever competed for.
List the top 5 female coaches you’ve ever competed for.
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Gender Wars
Not meant to be male bashing
Coached, competed for, with and against men who were the perfect fit for their position
Know men and women not
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Ellen Staurowsky,
professor in sport management,
Drexel University
Those still claiming that men won’t respect coaches who are women are actually denigrating women and men.
“To uniformly assume that men are so intolerant and incapable of accepting women as leaders should be insulting to men….Sport has the capability to be the ultimate meritocracy. In selling women short, men are being sold short as well.”
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NWCA
National Wrestling Coaches Association legal challenge to Title IX
Case was dismissed
Lawsuit focus to change interpretation of Title IX
Effort to protect men’s Olympic sports
Ground is not being made.
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Solutions the Hard Way
Biggest enemy of men's minor sports are football and men's basketball
huge amounts of money in football/basketball on college campuses increases likelihood of not meeting gender equity
increases chances that men's "minor" sports will be dropped
Need for spending caps
$450,000-a-year sports like wrestling in order to add an artificial turf practice field for the football team.
85 scholarships to college football programs
NFL: 53 players.
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Ups Downs
545% increase in participation in college athletics since 1972
979% increase in participation in high school sports
gains credited by one study for ‘causing a 10 percent increase in women working full time and 12 percent spike in women choosing traditionally male-dominated career paths.’
Involvement of boys and girls during early years virtually identical
Drop out earlier
More rapid rate
Female Sport Statistics
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Why Are We Losing?
Dad coaches, mom drives
Boys play, girls watch
Seen as socializing method for boys
Girls social through sports – not needed
Lack of visibility
Fewer role models
Unaware of female achievements
‘Non-competitive’ sports: Active over athletic
Poor self-image
Confidence in skills, performances
Uniforms
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Why is Female Leadership Important?
Untapped resources
Widens the talent pool
Women make ½ of national teams
Athletes with international experience not becoming coaches
Perception of male dominated sports
Promote sport as attractive to women and girls
Title IX
Different life experiences
Understand psychological + social pressures – female specific
Not suggestion girls coach only girls
Business world is in on it
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Percentage of Women in Senior Management
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Results
University of Leeds Study
1 female board member reduced chance of folding by 20%
More females, higher the reduction in chance of folding
Business with more women on the board had
66% higher returns on invested capital than rivals
53% higher returns on equity than rivals
42% higher sales than rivals
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Leading Nations
Russia (apx 46%): 1.2 women for every 1 man
Botswana, Philippines, Thailand
Families tend to live with or near grandparents
Build-in childcare infrastructure
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#2
Which NCAA school has a female presiding over each women’s program?
What is current percentage of women overseeing women’s programs?
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Head Coaches of Women’s Programs (NCAA)
*Women coaching men: 3%*
90
58.2
42.9 40.2 39.6
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1972 1978 2009 2012 2013
Women's Programs Coached by Men
Women's Programs Coached by Women
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University of Minnesota Study
8063.6 60
16.7 16.7 16.7 12.5
2036.4 40
83.3 83.3 83.3 87.5
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Cincinnati Texas Penn State Arkansas Kentucky North Carolina
State
Oklahoma State
Men as Head of Women's Teams Women as Head of Women's Teams
*Not a single NCAA school has a female coaching every women’s team.
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NCAA New Head Coach Positions (since 2000)
68.7%
31.3%
New Head Coach Positions (1,774)
Filled by Men
Filled by Women
1,220 POSITIONS
554
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Fie
ld H
oc
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Basketball Softball
Fighting Stereotypes
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Track & Field Cross Country
Dual Staff
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Golf Tennis
Socio-economic
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Soccer
Crew
Growth Sports
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Gender Roles/”Women’s Role”
Seen as ‘mothering’
Limited to younger age groups (peewee, MS, Rec/house)
Nurturing
Perception as sports too tough for women
Time consuming
Evening, weekend and travel
Questioned if they can handle due to domestic responsibilities
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Professional Development
Women hiring men
Men go on to be head coaches
Provides springboard and experience
Men protect against homophobia fears
Complicating separate factor
Male managers of teams being hired as women’s coaches
Female managers NOT being hired as coaches for either gender
If so, women’s program only
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Role Models
Low #s = no professional or personal mentors
High performance work is low profile
Judo
Swim/Diving
Track
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Physicality
Belief physical strength precludes coaching
Gymnastics
Tennis
Belief physical skill precludes coaching
Football
Wrestling/Boxing
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Licensure
Women see quals as a way to gain credibility = confidence
Won’t coach until they are in hand
More time consuming to move forward
Time waiting to receive could be used getting experience
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Self-Defeating
Job Ads
Men apply if they meet 60% of ‘needed qualifications’
Women apply if they meet 100%
Women aren’t putting themselves out there
Believe under-qualified means not qualified
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Of 100 apps received
65-70 are Male
30-35 are female
WOMEN ARE NOT APPLYING
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Basketball
Example: 8 Positions per school
4 Women (1 head, 3 assistant)
4 Men (1 head, 3 assistant)
Men apply to all 8, fill 6
Women apply to 4, fill 2
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Familial Concerns
Demographic transition
Dependency rates are rising
Women giving up work to care for younger AND OLDER
Urbanization: families moving away from support networks
Ex: Germany- most generous maternity leave
3 years after birth guaranteed a position
Long time away decreases ability to work up ladder
Employed NOT climbing
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Flexible Working Hours
No common trend
Japan: Low flexibility and women in management
Sweden: 85% of business offer flexible working roles
Women just 23% of senior management
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Leadership/Preconceived Notions
Leadership mostly male
Notion to hire individuals who have ‘masculine’ attributes
‘Unemotional’
‘Rational’
‘Tough’
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Women’s Athletic Departments
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Across the Industry
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Support Networks
Solid support network
Peer/family enouragement/support
“Village building”
Networking within the sport
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Rehire Concerns
Men fired and almost always rehired
EX:
Rich Rodriquez: recruiting violations
Bob Knight: trash-can incident, kicking, head-butting
Women fired and not rehired
Judy Runge: 70% win rate @ Oregon
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Expansion
Differences in pay between male and female programs
Benefits packages
Media coverage
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Homophobia
Stereotypes
Culture of exclusion
Recruiting: “Family friendly”
ESPNW article
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#3
Do you feel they share similar attributes?
Did one gender exhibit something the other may not have?
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Talent ID
Same as ID’ing talent in athletes
Recruitment
Building leadership
Roles separate from captain positions
Developing leadership skills in underclassmen
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Focus
No Trivial roles
Chaperone
Equipment manager
Administrative tasks only
Assistant roles should be development building
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Thoughts Ideas
How do we engage our female athletes?
Boys step into roles, girls prefer assignments
Leadership: Participant v. Facilitator v. Leader
Hypothetical:
If you left for a day, could they conduct practice?
Would your assistant coaches be listened to?
Do athletes and coaches have the tools to conduct all of practice?
Developmental Roles
Event Captains/Leaders: rotate every week or so
Drill leaders
Elder Council: Captains and other seniors
Rotational Leadership among underclassmen
Not relegated to just captains
Female Athletes as Leaders
***********LEADERSHIP CANNOT BE LEFT TILL SENIOR YEAR*********
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Development of Existing Coaches
People stay in positions they feel successful, included
Coaching v. Supervising v. Chaperoning
Development of Skill v. Accumulation of Hours
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Client Group/Support
Professional development
Informal learning
Mentoring
National networks
Programs to interact
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Role Models
Organizations
Raise profiles of existing coaches
Reach out together
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Grassroots
Inclusion of professional orgs in preseason meetings
ADs to all staff [general]
Head coaches to assistants [sport specific]
Leave extras in office w/ paperwork wall
Establish female building leader
Like new teacher mentorships
Liaison, resource, role model
Bus travel options
Day care
Common competition areas
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Policy
Women only coaching women
Providing already open doors
Creates open doors
Suggests no prior assumption
Rooney Rule
For every position at least one female must be interviewed
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Sport-Specific Opportunities
USATF: Minority Women Coaching Education Scholarship
WBCA: “So You Want to be a Coach?” program
Must be nominated by head coach
Model idea (!!)
Swimming: Women in Coaching Clinic
USA Soccer (NSCAA):
Women’s Committee
Charlotte Moran Memorial Scholarship
Rising Stars : female coaches nominated for excellence on & off field. provide networking opportunities, recognition
coaches 30 or under/coaching for 5 years or less.
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NCAA NACWAA
Matching Fund for Advancement of Ethnic Minority Women Coaches and Officials
Committee on Women’s Athletics
NCAA/NACWAA Institute
National Association of Collegiate Women Athletics Administrators
Scholarships
Institutes (Admin. Advance, Leadership, Exec)
Symposiums
Scholarships
Rising Stars
Non-Sport Specific
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o The Huddle
o NCAA Women Coaches Academy
o WeCoachU Regional Programs
o 1-day regional training seminars
o for women coaches/interested students
o Program: inspiration, motivation, skills development, networking and mentoring activities
o Groups, Webinars, Teleconferences
Alliance of Women Coaches
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Ideas/thoughts to move forward
No relation between flexible leave and return rates
Getting girls into sports: development of female athletes
Individual sport association efforts
Future of Title IX
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Beyond the NCAA
122 Professional
Teams
NBA
1 head, 4-6 assistants
MLB
6 coaches
1 manager
NHL
At least 4 coaches
NFL
18 coaches
1,000+ positions total
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Resources