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The Future Development of Traffic Signals
and the Impact of Autonomous
Vehicles
Graeme Pattison
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• Brief history of signals• Where technology is now• The Autonomous Vehicle situation• Current signal developments• Signal ITS developments• What the future may bring
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Traffic signals are used to improve traffic flow
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And to improve road safety
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Conflict points at a simple intersection
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The first road traffic signals and J P Knight
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Public education for road safety 1868
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a
Lester Wire, with his two color traffic signal
http://designobserver.com/feature/red-light-green-light--the-invention-of--the-traffic-signal/8627/
An acetylene gas light beacon USA
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Sydney’s first traffic signals at Kent and Market Sts 1933
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The Electromatic ControllerNeon tube timer with cam and relays
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A pedestrian ‘PJ” signal controller – designed in-house
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Sydney’s CBD VC4 controller also designed in-house
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VC4 controller programming using plug in links
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The AWA Unitac controller – valves, uniselectors, relays and happy technicians
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The world’s first microprocessor based controller – DMT/Philips 1974
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The signal lantern design has changed little in 80 years
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Victoria Rd Gladesville showing a concrete
mast arm
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Melbourne’s 1928 clock face style traffic signals
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The first signals push button
There were many design types before signals became standardised
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Early NSW vehicle detector using a rubber tube embedded in the pavement and a pressure switch
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SCATS creator Arthur Sims
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Proposed holographic signal
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An actual traffic signal using projection onto a water curtain – SHT SoftStop
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Eurokey for WALK time extension GreenMan Plus for elderly, Singapore
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Krabi Thailand
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Intelligent Lantern innovations
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Adding timing displays
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Yet more lantern concepts
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http://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/17/interactive-dancing-traffic-lights-installation-smart-car-lisbon/
Animated Lanterns
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Smartphone Signal Apps
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Autonomous Vehicle communication links
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Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (VTI) concept
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V2V, V2I and Traffic Control Centre
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Early Vehicle to Vehicle Communications (V2V)
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http://www.sae.org/misc/pdfs/automated_driving.pdf
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Google autonomous vehicle operation
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Identifying what’s at the intersection
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Planning the route
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Anticipating every movement
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Covering signs, signals, vehicles, bikes, pedestrians, topography
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http://e2e.ti.com/blogs_/b/tilive/archive/2015/03/17/lidar-cameras-radars-action-the-road-to-autonomous-vehicles?keyMatch=vehicle%20sensors&tisearch=Search-EN-Everything
Many sensor systems are required
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An early Australian one horsepower autonomous vehicle
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A wide angle multi-approach video vehicle detector(GridSmart)
Combined video and thermal detector for vehicles and pedestrians
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Every driver is acting autonomously
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Vehicles operating autonomously may not be efficientArc de Triomphe, Paris
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Slot based intersection control
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Signal priority for sale
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The CITI Project(Cooperative Intelligent Transport Initiative)
Australia’s first cooperative ITS deploymentNSW Centre for Road Safety, NICTA
• Seven signal sites• 200 heavy vehicles• 50 light vehicles• 10 buses• 1 level crossing• V2V and V2I
• Red traffic signal alerts• Speed Limit warnings• Collision warnings• Heavy braking alerts
New system announced for over 100 trucks and 100 intersections on Parramatta Rd, Pennant Hills Rd and King Georges Rd
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SPaT(Signal Phase and Timing)
Communicates signals information to approaching vehiclesIncreases “Time Horizon” by providing coming phase changes
before signal display changes
Demonstration video http://youtu.be/wznpUv2PucQ
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SCATS development for vehicle priority
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The award winning Queensland Vehicle Priority & Pre-emption System
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Demonstration of long distance on-road truck platooning (Rotterdam, April 2016)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-xOEJb4LEU
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