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The Fluid States
Bernoulli’s Principle
Kristen Reiterwater droplets. 28 Sept. 2010. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2011.
<http://www.flickr.com/photos/58002001@N02/5333065857/>.
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-Fluids in Motion-o Bernoulli’s Principle explains the effect motion has on a fluid’s pressure and velocity.
-Forces Within Liquids-
o Electromagneticforces in liquidsaffect the way fluidsact.
Diaz, Ryan. Tubular. 2 Feb. 2008. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2011.
<http://www.flickr.com/photos/ryandiaz/2241131106/>.
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Fluidsin
Motion
Seashore. 28 Oct. 2010. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011.<http://www.flickr.com/photos/52445777@N06/
5134797287/>.
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Bernoulli’s Principle
as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases (or vice versa)
higher velocity → lower pressure
narrower space → higher velocity
lower velocity,
higher pressure
higher velocity,
lower pressure
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Net Work
Net work is the overall work being done.
(In this case, to move a fluid.)
Tapp, Philip. Nets. 30 Jan. 2010. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011. <http: //www.flickr.com/ photos/philtapp/ 4315913808/>.
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Streamlines
narrow flow → closer streamlines → greater velocity → lower pressure
Jumbled or unsmooth streamlines mean the fluid is turbulent and Bernoulli’s Principle does not apply.
o Represent the flow of fluid around objects.
Streamline. 3 July 2009. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011.
<http://www.flickr.com/photos/icajoleu/4114229446/>.
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Forces Within Liquids
Rav Productions. Ocean Curl. 27 Jan. 2007. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/ravpro/385243666/>.
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Cohesive Forces
Particles that affect the behavior of liquids
Attract each other with electromagnetic force
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Surface Tension
Surface of a liquid to contracts to the smallest possible area
On the surface particles are not attracted upwards
This creates a net downwards pressure
Also causes spherical droplets
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Adhesion
Attractive force between different substances
Electromagnetic force
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Capillary Action
Rise of liquid in a narrow glass tube
Because adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces
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Evaporation
When fast moving particles break through the surface layers of a liquid
Only most energetic particles escape
Has a cooling effect
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Volatile Liquids
Volatile liquids evaporate quickly
Have weak cohesive forces
More noticeable cooling effect
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Condensation
Evaporated particles returning to liquid state
Cause by decrease in temperature or kinetic energy
Makes the air humid
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Quick Review!
Bernoulli’s Principle means higher velocity = lower pressure Cohesive forces are forces that attract particles in a liquid to each other, and cause surface tension
Capillary action is when a liquid “climbs” a glass tube, a result of adhesion.
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Quick Review!
Evaporation is when fast moving particles escape the surface of a liquid.
Volatile liquids evaporate quickly!
Condensation is when evaporated liquids cool down or lose energy and become liquid again.
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Works Cited
Zitzewitz, Paul W. Physics Principles and Problems. 2002 ed. New York: Glencoe, 2002. Print.