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Iris controls how much light enters the
Cornea transparent so light can pass throu
Lens light enters here and image is focuonto the retina
Retina
transduction of light into neuronal signal, mostphotoreceptors, image is inverted, light passes thr
ganglion cells and bipolar cells and hits photorecep
Optic Nerve Carries signal to the brain
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Fovea Region of highest aquity, colour vision due to hiconcentration of cones
Types of Photoreceptors Rods and Cone
RodsMore sensitive to light, monochromatic: colour not d
located mostly outside of the fovea
Cones
Less sensitive to light, trichromatic; sensitive to blueor red, located in fovea responsible for high visual a
Blind Spot at the Optic Discarea on the retina where the optic nerve fibers exitretina, where there are no photoreceptors therefor
vision
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Phototransduction Turning light into neural signals
Stage 1 Photopigments in photoreceptoractivated by light
Stage 2 Photoreceptor hyperpolarized
Stage 3
hyperpolarization decreases release of inhibitory NT to depolarization caused by disinhibition
Disinhibition removal of inhibitory influence
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Stage 4 Depolarization of bipolar cells may lead to an Apropagation along galgion cell
Causes of blindness1. Cataract 2. Glaucoma 3. Macul
Degeneration
Cause of Cataract clouded lens
Symptoms of a Cataract
blurred vision
Cause of Glaucoma Intraocular pressure
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Symptoms of Glaucomaperipheral vision decreases leading
tunnel vision
Cause of Macular Degeneration fatty tissue deposits under RETIN
Symptoms of Macular Degeneration affects foveal vision