![Page 1: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA
PETER J NICHOLSONNicholson Consulting
DAVID E PINYOTPinyot Consulting
![Page 2: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980
• In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary drilled
• Project size typically $50-100,000; Annual market $1-2 million
• Installation rates 50-100 feet(15-30M) p• Design loads in soils of 20 tons (180
kN)
![Page 3: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Brookgreen Gardens SC
![Page 4: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Brookgreen Garden SC From the Award program, Micro Piles in Swamp
![Page 5: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Brookgreen Garden Micro Piles for compression and tension in Swamp
Note from this copy of the brochure howThe micro piles were utilized in the canopyPoles foundations
![Page 6: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pokomoke River tension compression sleeves ready for Micro Piles
![Page 7: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pokomoke River Bridge Collapsed timber piles replaced by Micro Piles
![Page 8: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Pokomoke River Bascule Bridge Tension and compression Micro Piles
![Page 9: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Orange County New York Prison Micro Piles 1980
![Page 10: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Orange County New York Prison
![Page 11: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Alcoa Bauxite Reduction PlantMobile Alabama 1982
![Page 12: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
EVOLUTION OF RETICULATED
• Lizzi; Italy, Slope stability and light loads for rehabilitation of structures
• Reticulated (interlaced to force composite action) for slope stability
• Demonstration of group action more than sum of parts for both slopes and compressive loads
• Other practitioners in Europe begin slope work under Lizzi patents
• In U.S. Nicholson and Fondedile construct reticulated and non-reticulated structures
• Expiration of Lizzi patent Fondedile ceases U.S. work in 1980’s
• Soil nailing and VERT at Texas A&M demonstrate composite action
![Page 13: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mendocino County CaliforniaReticulated MicroPile Wall
![Page 14: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Non-Reticulated MicropileStructure
![Page 15: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
LR 69 Type A Wall Non Reticulated
![Page 16: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
LR 69 PennsylvaniaMicro Piles for landslide control
![Page 17: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
LR 69 Construction Concrete cap over micro piles on Shoulder of roadway
![Page 18: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Vertical Earth Reinforcing Technique NGES Texas A&M 1998
![Page 19: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Plan View VERT Wall
![Page 20: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
VERT Global MovementDemonstrates Composite Action
![Page 21: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Horizontal Composite Action
FROM FHWA MANUAL
![Page 22: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
MODERN MICRO PILES
• Design loads of 250 tons (2300 kN) or more for piles in both soil and rock
• Test Loads of up to 600 tons (5340 kN)• Diameters up to 300 mm• Cased 80k yield steel and reinforced• Job sizes of to $50 million and more• Total market estimated at $100 million
annually
![Page 23: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The beginnings of larger capacities permanent casing Late 1970’s
![Page 24: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Early 100 ton capacity Micro Piles in Karst Delaware River Crossing
![Page 25: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
New York M T A transit car repair facility at Coney Island, New York
![Page 26: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino Las Vegas Nevada
![Page 28: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mandalay Bay Las Vegas360 MicroPiles
360 Permanent Jacks
![Page 29: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Mandalay Bay Construction
Each Pile Was equippedWith it’s ownHydraulic ramTo insure levelingOf the foundation slabs
![Page 30: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Williamsburg Bridge New York City (NYCDOT)
![Page 31: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Williamsburg Bridge Construction
![Page 32: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
BQE Elevated Highway New YorkMicro Pile Retrofit
![Page 33: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Vandenberg AFB inside and outside Micro Pile installation
![Page 34: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Vandenberg AFB Micro Pile Test
Note number and Size of tie-down Bars for this 500 Ton test
![Page 35: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
United Grain Silos Vancouver Washington Drilling 250 ton Micro Piles
![Page 36: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Richmond San Rafael Bridge Ca2001 Test to 1070 kips
![Page 37: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
I-110 California Seismic RetrofitDrilling and testing micro piles
![Page 38: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Lewistown Narrows Project State College Pennsylvania
![Page 39: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Lewiston, Pa Micro Piles used for global stability
![Page 40: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Lewistown Micro Piles for Global Stability Drawing
![Page 41: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Lewiston Micro Piles for Global Stability both temporary and permanent
![Page 42: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
New River Bridge Florida Department of Transportation
![Page 43: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
New River Bridge Fl Night work from barge in River note existing RR Bridge
![Page 44: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Florida New River Bridge Completed Crutch Bent Micro Piles inside caissons
![Page 45: THE EVOLUTION OF MICRO PILES IN AMERICA · EARLY YEARS FOR LOAD CARRYING MICRO PRE 1980 • In U.S. Nicholson/Fondedile typically 100-180 mm Diameter 180 kN, unreinforced, rotary](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050403/5f80a04c282f8516da1e64e2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• Nicholson Construction Co: Tom Richards• Hayward Baker: John Wolosick• DBM Contractors: Tom Armour• Northwest Cascade: Spark Johnston• Pinyot Consulting: David Pinyot• Philip Wycliffe-Jones• FHWA Federal Highway Administration