The Essay:Classical Rhetorical Arrangement
Exordium—introduces essay subject Narratio—states the facts to be essayed Partitio—divides into subject’s aspects Confirmatio—the proof of your essay Refutatio—states & refutes obvious
objections Peroratio—effective summation
How to Study in Academic EnglishLECTURE NOTE-TAKING METHOD
1. During lecture, take notes as detailed in lecture and on the course website
Primary ideas & concepts Secondary ideas & concepts Illustrations and examples
2. After lecture: group the ideas & concepts from
lecture notes on a clean sheet keep a separate section which
connects the main ideas across the successive novels.
3. Academic English uses primary texts
Sciences use tertiary texts—i.e. textbooks.
Texts (novels, etc.) in English are the ‘matter’ of experiments in Sciences: i.e. the material for empirical study; that upon which experiments are performed.
READING METHOD
1. Read the primary texts for enjoyment.2. Underline whatever:
catches your fancy seems important echoes lecture
3. If a section is incomprehensible, mark it and pass it by.
4. Summarise each chapter in one sentence *point of excellence*: underline
main sentence in each ¶ 5. Summarise the book in one sentence6. Re-read in skimming fashion the book
and highlight lecture ideas with a vertical line in the margin.
7. This is then a study guide for the Final Exam
SFU Lecture in Context of Learning Process:(1.) Lecture, (2.) Seminar, (3.) Office Hour Consultation, (4.) Individual Research
Learning Process: [1.] Lecture
Information Delivery Student is one among
a large number Passive Reception
Information Data Context An Organising
Thesis Dependent
Learning Process: [2.] Seminar
Group Engagement Increased active
engagement Discussion Experience
Questions Elaboration Clarification Additional specific
information
Learning Process: [3.] Office Hour Consultation
Personal Engagement 50% active Direct instruction Focus is on what the
individual requires for specific learning.
No gaps are left
Learning Process: [4.] Individual Research
Detailed personal knowledge. Fully active Independent Full knowledge Specific points
specifically comprehended
Broader scholarly understanding