The Equations:
Cell Respiration:C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
Photosynthesis:6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
BIG PICTURE OF CELL RESPIRATION:
-process by which the mitochondria produce ATP by breaking down organic compounds (food we eat).
-cells need “usable” forms of energy to function and maintain homeostasis. ATP is the usable form.
Step 1: GlycolysisFunction:
-food we eat is converted to pyruvic acid (2 molecules pyruvate). -anaerobic (no oxygen)
Location: cytosol of the eukaryotic cell
Reactants: organic compounds (food), NAD+ & ADP
Products: 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate)2 NADH (energy)2 ATP’s (energy)
Energy Yield: 2 ATP’s
Step 2 (if oxygen is present):Aerobic Respiration
-pyruvic acid is converted to Acetyl Coa prior to entering the Kreb’s Cycle.
Function: 1. Krebs cycle- produce NADH & FADH2
2. ETC & Chemiosmosis- produce ATP
Location: eukaryotes- Krebs in the mitochondrial matrix & the ETC is in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
prokaryotes- cytoplasm & cell membrane
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)Reactants: Acetyl CoA, NAD+ & FAD+
Products: CO2 (given off as a waste product)
NADH FADH
ATP (2 molecules)
Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis (uses enzyme: ATP synthase)
Reactants: NADH, FADH2
Products: NAD+ & FAD+ get recycledwater (given off as a waste product)ATP (34 molecules)
Fermentation: (if no oxygen is present)
Two common fermentation pathways:1. Lactic Acid Fermentation2. Alcoholic Fermentation
Function:-always start with glycolysis-no oxygen is present -NADH NAD+ (recycled back to glycolysis)-produce either lactic acid or alcohol.
Location: cytosol
*No oxygen = no ATP production.
Lactic Acid FermentationReactants: pyruvic acid
NADH
Product: NAD+
lactic acid
-Lactic Acid Fermentation is important in the manufacturing of various foods. (yogurt, cheese)-Athletes also experience Lactic Acid buildup…cramping and fatigue.
Alcoholic FermentationReactants: pyruvic acid
NADH
Product: NAD+
alcohol
-Process occurs in plants and yeast.-This process is important in making bread and alcohol products.