Download - THE ENGLISH
DO NOW: 11/26/12
In your notes, list the PROS and CONS of an absolute monarch such as Louis XIV of France.
Think about the problems that might arise under an Absolute Monarch – List some.
English Bill of Rights
Absolute Monarch
Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED by
Cromwell
Popular Ruler dies 1685
Abdicates in 1688
Constitutional Government!
JAMES I – devoted to theory “Divine Right of Kings” – Absolutism
Went against Parliament – which controlled the $$
HOUSE OF COMMONS – wanted more say in the government
CHARLES I – (James I’s son) – attempted to rule without Parliament (1629-1640)
1640 – 1660- THE LONG PARLIAMENT -limited the power of the King Parliament cannot be disolved
PURITANS – increased dissatisfaction with the Church of England
Wanted to purify the Anglican Church of all Roman Catholic elements (pageantry)
James I and Charles I – showed they were highly sympathetic to Roman Catholicism
Tried to impose new religious elements in Scotland
“Book of Common Prayer”
Upset the Scots Rebelled
Charles I was forced to Summon Parliament
Petition of Right – king cannot raise taxes, jail without legal justification. (IGNORED)
CAVALIERS
(CHARLES I)VS
ROUNDHEADS
(OLIVER CROMWELL)
CIVIL WAR
Execution of Charles I – Charged with Treason
COMMONWEALTH (republican form of Government
Theoretically: legislative power was in Parliament and executive power in a council of state
Reality: Oliver Cromwell and the military controlled the government – “Protectorate” – Military Dictatorship
Oliver Cromwell
Navigation Act: English Goods must be transported on English Ship
Cromwell died – 1658 – and his system of Governmnet died out
CROMWELL
Restricted the freedom of Anglicans and Catholics
Enforced public Morality
Closing the theaters
Prohibited dancing
Required strict observance of the Sabbath
Welcomed Jews
THE RESTORATION: 1660
Restored the Monarchy with Charles II, eldest son of Charles I
Restored the Anglican Church
Harmony between Crown and Parliament
Exit Ticket
In your opinion, was Oliver Cromwell a villain or a hero?
Pick a side and explain with at least THREE reasons.
Do Now: Wednesday 11/28/12
“Why Did Parliament Win the Civil War?”
Read the background information and answer corresponding questions
The English Commonwealth
Parliament abolishes the monarchy and House of Lords
Parliament rules as a commonwealth
Problems plague the nation – Cromwell is a military leader
Commonwealth falls apart upon Cromwell’s death in 1658
Groups who favor a monarchy gain power
The Monarchy is Restored 1660-1685
Charles II works with Parliament to repair the shattered nation
Eventually clashes with Parliament when he works to restore Catholicism
1678: Charles dissolves Parliament and builds the monarchy’s power
His successor, James II, continues to push for Catholic power and incites a backlash PRODUCES MALE HEIR **CATHOLIC**
The Glorious Revolution
William and Mary (James II’s Protestant daughter) are asked to become England’s monarchs
1688 King James II, wife & child flee to France
Assures Parliament’s power
William & Mary had to agree to very limited powers under Parliament’s domination
1689: Signed the English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights
Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy
Required the monarch to summon Parliament regularly and gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” – control over spending
King or Queen could no longer interfere with parliamentary debates or suspend laws
Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne
The English Bill of Rights
Also restated the traditional rights of English citizens
Trial by jury
Abolished excessive fines
Cruel and unjust punishment
Affirmed the principle of habeas corpus No person could be held in prison
without first being charged with a specific crime
Toleration Act 1689
Granted limited religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters
BUT only members of the Church of England could hold public office
Catholics were not allowed any religious freedoms
timeline
English Bill of Rights
Absolute Monarch
Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED
by Cromwell
Popular Ruler dies 1685
Abdicates in 1688
Wrap Up
Why was the “Age of Absolutism” 1550-1800 such a chaotic time in European history?
Consider: Elizabeth, Philip II, Louis XIV, English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, and Constitutional Government
Exit Ticket 11/28/12
What was the Petition of Right?
What was the result of the English Civil War?
What was the Commonwealth? Who led the Commonwealth?
English Bill of Rights