The Endocrine System
Unit 8
The Endocrine System
• An endocrinologist studies the endocrine system
• Anatomy: glands and ducts
• Physiology: regulate the growth and activity of the body
Hormones
• The glands of the endocrine system release hormones which are chemical messages sent through the blood stream to target tissues.
• They are made of proteins or lipids.
Glands• Hypothalamus: integrates the nervous and
endocrine systems• Posterior Pituitary: secretes oxytocin (uterine
contractions) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, water/salt balance)
• Anterior Pituitary: growth hormones, LH & FSH (reproduction)
Glands• Thyroid gland: regulates metabolism and
calcium in the blood• Parathyroid: calcium in the blood• Pancreas: insulin and glucagon (blood sugar)• Adrenal Glands: epinephrine and
norepinephrine (increase metabolism); steroids that regulate blood
Glands• Testes: androgens (steroids for sperm and
male sex characteristics)• Ovaries: estrogen and progesterone
(menstruation, pregnancy, and female sex characteristics)
• Pineal gland: melatonin (sleep cycles)
Hormones
• Human growth hormone (hGH): pituitary, bone and muscle growth
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): pituitary, egg development
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH): pituitary, egg release• Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH): hypothalamus,
water balance• Parathyroid hormone (PTH): parathyroid, blood
calcium levels
Hormones
• Epinephrine: kidney, increase ATP• Insulin: pancreas, blood sugar • Estrogen: ovaries, egg and 2° sex
characteristics• Testosterone: testis, sperm and 2° sex
characteristics
Homeostasis• The endocrine system works with the rest of
the systems to help the body maintain homeostasis, such as:
• Skin: hair color and growth• Nervous: body control• Cardiovascular: blood pressure• Digestive: appetite• Urinary: water balance
Unit 8 Disease and Disorder ChartName Cause Symptoms Susceptibility Treatment PrognosisDwarfism
Gigantism
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Graves Disease
Goiter
Cushing’s Syndrome
Addison’s Disease
PTSD
Hirsutism
Cholera
Aging
Unit 8 ProjectPhotography, Individual
• 1. Select a theme for your photography project that integrates the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system. Take 3-5 photos that display this theme. Either print them or email them to me by the start of our next class.
• 2. Write a 4 paragraph essay:– The anatomy of the Endocrine System– The physiology of Endocrine System– How the endocrine system contributes to homeostasis– How YOUR project shows the structure and function of the endocrine
system
• 3. Extra credit is available for those who choose to present.
