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The End of the University as We Know It?
Wolfgang Bauer Michigan State University
February 6, 2012 Wolfgang Bauer
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Learning to Cook
• Method 1: buy a cookbook and follow instrucCons
February 6, 2012 Wolfgang Bauer
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Learning to Cook
• Method 1: buy a cookbook and follow instrucCons
• Method 1(a): (really sCll method 1, but with more modern delivery technology)
February 6, 2012 Wolfgang Bauer
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Learning to Cook
• Method 2: take an internship with a famous cook – Immersive – One-‐on-‐one aLenCon – Immediate feedback
– Rigorous quality control BUT:
– Very expensive – Can only be done for a few
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Learning to Cook
• Method 3: – Select presentaCons from best chefs in the world
– Detailed instrucCons from many sources
– Send in your finished dishes for taste-‐tests
– Receive feedback (email, text, … from assistants of chefs)
– Repeat – Final exam (for credit): perform in front of judges
February 6, 2012 Wolfgang Bauer
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Learning to Cook
• Method 3 (cont.): provide a learning community – Exchange of ideas between learners
– Create more than what teachers designed iniCally
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Learning to Do Physics • Method 1: Buy a book and read it – SCll highly recommended!
• Method 2: Enroll in a university – ALend physics lectures – In addiCon to method 1(!)
• Method 3: Take an online class – Digest materials at your own pace and on your own schedule
– Select from different explanaCons by different experts and via different learning styles
– Use a variety to formaCve and summaCve evaluaCon tools
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Virtual University Physics @MSU • 1992: PresidenCal Faculty Fellow Award (k$500) • 1993: NSF-‐ILI grant (k$45+45) to improve lab/lecture
sequence in LBS (Bauer, Benenson, Weseall) • 1995: MulCMedia Physics CD • 1997: lectureOnline (Kortemeyer) • 1997: Virtual University courses PHY231c, PHY232c • 1998: cliXX Physik CD (Germany) • 1998: HHMI grant (M$1.8, McGroarty) • 1999: Advanced Placement Physics • 2000: MSU-‐deal with Apex Learning • 2000: NSF-‐ITR grant (M$2.1) for LON-‐CAPA
(Kortemeyer, Bauer, Kashy2, Speier) • 2008: Complete redo of all VU course offerings with Camtasia • 2012: Current annual enrollment ~1,200/year • 2013: Start Astronomy VU
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Delivery Vehicle
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LON-CAPA
• Learning Online Network • Computer-‐Assisted Personalized Approach
• Course management system
• Homework engine – Individualized
• Every student sees the same basic problem
• Every student has different numbers
• Allows groups of students to work together without the ability to just copy soluCons
– Reusable shared resources • Much more efficient use of instructor’s Cme
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LON-CAPA Architecture
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WWW
Interserve
r
Web
Student Computer
Instructor Computer
WWW
Inter-‐InsCtuConal Network of Servers ConnecCng UniversiCes
and Schools
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The LON-CAPA Community
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USA: 108
Canada: 7 Germany: 3
Turkey: 1
Israel: 2
South Korea: 1
South Africa: 1 Brazil: 2
High Schools, Colleges, and UniversiCes
… plus grant projects and publishing companies.
Switzerland: 1
Nigeria: 1
Great Britain: 1
Taiwan: 1
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Sharing of Resources!
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• CreaCng online resources is a lot of work
• Doing so for use in just one course is a waste of Cme and effort
• Many resources can be used among a number of courses and across insCtuCons
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LON-CAPA Community
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Use @ MSU
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Selected Results: PER on LON-CAPA
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Students spend more Cme on task AND rate LON-‐CAPA as very helpful!
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Selected Results: PER on LON-CAPA
• Improved Exam Performance
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Selected Results: PER on LON-CAPA
• Improved Course Performance
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Selected Results: PER on LON-CAPA
• Females show higher differenCal improvements than males
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Virtual University Course
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Virtual University Course
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Virtual University Course
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Virtual University Course
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Virtual University Course
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• 5-‐7 Minute video segments produced w. Camtasia – Screen capture – Tablet pc with stylus – Voiced over
• One-‐on-‐one tutoring session – Talking head not needed
– Show what’s on the screen
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Homework
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• Homework & Exam QuesCons – Individualized – Randomized – Computer-‐ graded
• Grade book keeps track – Students have full info
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When Do Students Work?
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Exam Support
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Students receive automa8cally generated individualized mul8ple choice exams with their names (and photos). LON-‐CAPA machine-‐grades the bubble sheets.
STUDENT A STUDENT B
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Exam Support: Re-Takes
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Exam Support: Re-Takes
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Kortemeyer, Bauer, Benenson, Kashy, The Physics Teacher 44, 235 (2006)
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Learning Outcomes • Comparison study: Taught lecture based PHY231 and compared to VU PHY231c
• Same homework assignments, same exams, same grading system
• Virtual university students scored slightly higher on all three exams and on FCI baseline test, and obtained slightly higher final grades (2.93 vs. 2.87) on average
• One explanaCon: purng materials on www forces the students to engage in more acCve learning
• Another: VU students are self-‐selected group • Needed: Controlled study
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The End of the University as We Know It?
• Brick-‐and-‐mortar advantage is slowly vanishing • Virtual courses offer greater flexibility and broader range
• FormaCve and summaCve evaluaCons are straigheorward – CheaCng can be contained
• Last advantage of the brick-‐and-‐mortar university: social interacCons – Facebook, anyone …
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1989: WWW, Berners-Lee 2007: iPhone (Apple)
1994: Andreessen
1998: Page, Brin