Download - The effects of drip irrigation methods
![Page 1: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Effects of Drip Irrigation Methods on Plasticulture
Tomato Yield and Quality in South-Central Kentucky
-
Disabilities accommodated with prior notification
Educational programs of the Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service serve all people regardless of race, color, age, sex, religion, disability, or national origin.
Dr. Tim Coolong – University of Kentucky Department of HorticultureDr. Martin Stone – Western Kentucky University Department of Agriculture
![Page 2: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Role of Water in Tomato Production
Production Cost - 1/3
Limited natural resource
‘How Much to Apply’? Just enough to be productive Not a drop extra
General Guidelines exist but dependent on Local conditions Seasonal variation
![Page 3: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Experimental Details
Conducted at WKU farm
Bowling Green, Ky.
Summer 2010 -2011
Plasticulture• Black• Drip irrigation• Fertigation• Staked
‘Mountain Fresh Plus’
![Page 4: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Experimental Design
Randomized Complete Block
4 replications
4 treatments
Statistical Analysis – SAS p < 0.05 Means separated by Duncan’s MRT if sig. F test
![Page 5: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Treatments
ID 36 – University of Kentucky Recommendation
Acre Inch per Week
½ ID 36
Water Balance Method Pan Evaporation at Nolin Lake Dam, ACOE Crop Coefficient, Source: Tekinel and Çevik (1993) Computed Water needs Weekly =
• Water Balance Method
![Page 6: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How Much to Apply?
UK recommendation for tomatoes ID 36 Extension Publication
• May overestimate water demands
• Original source of information unknown
Farmers apply 1 acre inch water/week Standard crop recommendation Based on ‘Farmer Knowledge’
![Page 7: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Water Balance Method
Most efficient method based on Stage of crop growth
• Transplant vs. fruiting Environmental conditions
• Drives demand for water
![Page 8: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Water Balance Method
Pan Evaporation Data Affect plant Transpiration Temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind
Crop Coefficient Crop specific Model of Water use through crop growth stages Based on actual data
Determine weekly tomato water usage
![Page 9: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Crop Coefficient Model
Tekinel and Çevik (1993)
![Page 10: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Actual Crop Coefficients and Pan Evaporation
1 3 5 7 911 13
0
0.5
1
weekly pan
Weeks After Transplanting
![Page 11: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hypothesis
Standard recommendations overestimate water needs of tomatoes Over/under estimate needs through season
Reduction of water usage will not reduce yield and quality
![Page 12: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Water Manipulation
Checked measured by water meters on each treatment
Metered by gallon
Three treatments were altered weekly for water supply ID 36 ½ ID 36 Water Balance Method
Confirmation by meters and
tensiometers
![Page 13: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0
100
200
300
400
500
Weekly Water Distribution
ID 36
Acre Inch Week
1/2 ID 36
Water Balance
Weeks after Transplanting
Gal
lons over
over
under
![Page 14: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
100%
71%
54%
73%
Cumulative Water Usage
ID 36
Acre Inch Week
1/2 ID 36
Water Balance
Weeks After Transplanting
![Page 15: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Tensiometers
Detect soil water potential related to soil water content “dummy root” Used to confirm accuracy of water applied
• Readings 0–10: Saturated soil• Readings 70 and higher: Stress range
Each treatment Opposite drip irrigation lines ½ way between plants 30 cm deep
Read weekly
![Page 16: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
19-M
ay
28-M
ay
6-Ju
n
15-Ju
n
24-Ju
n
3-Ju
l
12-Ju
l
21-Ju
l
30-Ju
l
8-Aug
17-A
ug
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
ID 36Acre-Inch Wk1/2 ID 36Water Balance
Weeks After Transplanting
Soil
Wat
er T
ensi
on (c
entib
ars)
WEEKLY TENSIOMETER READINGS
Wetter
Stress Range
![Page 17: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Harvest
Weekly for 7 weeks - (7/12)
‘Breaker’ stage = harvest
Sorted by USDA grades Quality
• Marketable – Unmarketable (Cull) Size
• Small, medium, large, extra large Weighed - (lbs) Noted radial cracks
![Page 18: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Table 1. The effects of four irrigation treatments on marketable yield and yields of small, medium, large, and extra-large fruit as well as percent of culls of Mt. Fresh Plus tomatoes grown in Bowling Green, Ky., in 2010. Treatments are ordered based on marketable yield (highest to lowest).1
![Page 19: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Conclusion
Based upon one years data
we can produce as many quality marketable tomatoes with less irrigation ½ the high recommended volume irrigation significantly influences yield data suggest that water distribution may play just as important role as volume
• Ex: Treatments of Acre Inch Week and Water Balance Method
![Page 20: The effects of drip irrigation methods](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012910/557d1996d8b42a3d3d8b4d54/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
over
over
under